Redesign replace_table catalog-behavior tests to mirror iceberg-java

Audited the previous 18 narrow tests against Java's CatalogTests.java
and rewrote as 13 denser tests that cover what was missing — snapshot
identity preservation (not just count), snapshot_log carry-forward,
schemas/specs/sort-orders history accumulation, time-travel reads of
pre-replace data — and fold orthogonal one-liners into parametrized
or composed tests where the original split was incidental.

Net: -207 lines / +184 lines / -5 tests. Parametrized to 169 cases.

Highlights of the new layout:
- test_replace_transaction (base case + time-travel)
- test_complete_replace_transaction (all six args + RTAS + property merge)
- test_replace_table_identifier_field_ids (parametrized preserve/drop)
- test_replace_table_partition_field_carry_forward (parametrized v1/v2)
- test_replace_table_location (parametrized inherit/explicit/slash)
- test_concurrent_replace_transaction_schema_conflict + ..._partition_spec_conflict

Names follow Java's testReplaceTransaction* naming where applicable,
PEP-8 cased. No cross-impl references in the test file itself.

Author: smaheshwar-pltr