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Rene Glover
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Initial updates to add HPE Primera and Pure Flasharray documentation (#363)
Providing documentation for configuration of HPE Primera and Pure Flasharray plugins targeted for 4.19.
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source/conceptsandterminology/concepts.rst

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What is Apache CloudStack?
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--------------------------
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Apache CloudStack is an open source Infrastructure-as-a-Service platform that
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manages and orchestrates pools of storage, network, and computer resources to
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build a public or private IaaS compute cloud.
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Apache CloudStack is an open source Infrastructure-as-a-Service platform that
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manages and orchestrates pools of storage, network, and computer resources to
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build a public or private IaaS compute cloud.
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With CloudStack you can:
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- Set up an on-demand elastic cloud computing service.
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- Set up an on-demand elastic cloud computing service.
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- Allow end-users to provision resources
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Multiple Hypervisor Support
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CloudStack works with a variety of hypervisors and hypervisor-like
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technologies. A single cloud can contain multiple hypervisor implementations.
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As of the current release CloudStack supports:
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CloudStack works with a variety of hypervisors and hypervisor-like
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technologies. A single cloud can contain multiple hypervisor implementations.
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As of the current release CloudStack supports:
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- BareMetal (via IPMI)
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Massively Scalable Infrastructure Management
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CloudStack can manage tens of thousands of physical servers installed in
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geographically distributed datacenters. The management server scales
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near-linearly eliminating the need for cluster-level management servers.
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Maintenance or other outages of the management server can occur without
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CloudStack can manage tens of thousands of physical servers installed in
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geographically distributed datacenters. The management server scales
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near-linearly eliminating the need for cluster-level management servers.
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Maintenance or other outages of the management server can occur without
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affecting the Instances running in the cloud.
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Automatic Cloud Configuration Management
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CloudStack automatically configures the network and storage settings for each
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CloudStack automatically configures the network and storage settings for each
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Instance deployment. Internally, a pool of virtual appliances support
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the operation of configuration of the cloud itself. These appliances offer
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services such as firewalling, routing, DHCP, VPN, console proxy, storage
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access, and storage replication. The extensive use of horizontally scalable
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the operation of configuration of the cloud itself. These appliances offer
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services such as firewalling, routing, DHCP, VPN, console proxy, storage
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access, and storage replication. The extensive use of horizontally scalable
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Instances simplifies the installation and ongoing operation of a cloud.
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Graphical User Interface
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CloudStack offers an administrators web interface used for provisioning and
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managing the cloud, as well as an end-user's Web interface, used for running
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CloudStack offers an administrators web interface used for provisioning and
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managing the cloud, as well as an end-user's Web interface, used for running
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Instances and managing Instance Templates. The UI can be customized to reflect the desired
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service provider or enterprise look and feel.
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API
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~~~
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CloudStack provides a REST-like API for the operation, management and use of
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the cloud.
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CloudStack provides a REST-like API for the operation, management and use of
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the cloud.
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AWS EC2 API Support
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CloudStack provides an EC2 API translation layer to permit the common EC2
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tools to be used in the use of a CloudStack cloud.
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CloudStack provides an EC2 API translation layer to permit the common EC2
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tools to be used in the use of a CloudStack cloud.
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High Availability
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CloudStack has a number of features to increase the availability of the
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system. The Management Server itself may be deployed in a multi-node
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installation where the servers are load balanced. MySQL may be configured to
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use replication to provide for failover in the event of database loss. For the
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hosts, CloudStack supports NIC bonding and the use of separate networks for
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CloudStack has a number of features to increase the availability of the
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system. The Management Server itself may be deployed in a multi-node
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installation where the servers are load balanced. MySQL may be configured to
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use replication to provide for failover in the event of database loss. For the
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hosts, CloudStack supports NIC bonding and the use of separate networks for
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storage as well as iSCSI Multipath.
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Deployment Architecture Overview
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--------------------------------
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Generally speaking, most CloudStack deployments consist of the management
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server and the resources to be managed. During deployment you inform the
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management server of the resources to be managed, such as IP address blocks,
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storage devices, hypervisors, and VLANs.
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Generally speaking, most CloudStack deployments consist of the management
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server and the resources to be managed. During deployment you inform the
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management server of the resources to be managed, such as IP address blocks,
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storage devices, hypervisors, and VLANs.
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The minimum installation consists of one machine running the CloudStack
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Management Server and another machine to act as the cloud infrastructure (in
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this case, a very simple infrastructure consisting of one host running
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hypervisor software). In its smallest deployment, a single machine can act as
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The minimum installation consists of one machine running the CloudStack
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Management Server and another machine to act as the cloud infrastructure (in
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this case, a very simple infrastructure consisting of one host running
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hypervisor software). In its smallest deployment, a single machine can act as
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both the Management Server and the hypervisor host (using the KVM hypervisor).
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.. image:: /_static/images/basic-deployment.png
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A more full-featured installation consists of a highly-available multi-node
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Management Server installation and up to tens of thousands of hosts using any
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A more full-featured installation consists of a highly-available multi-node
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Management Server installation and up to tens of thousands of hosts using any
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of several networking technologies.
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Management Server Overview
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The management server orchestrates and allocates the resources in your cloud
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The management server orchestrates and allocates the resources in your cloud
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deployment.
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The management server typically runs on a dedicated machine or as a virtual
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The management server typically runs on a dedicated machine or as a virtual
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machine. It controls allocation of Instances to hosts and assigns
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storage and IP addresses to the Instances. The Management Server runs
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in an Apache Tomcat container and requires a MySQL database for persistence.
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- Provides the web interface for both the administrator and end user.
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- Provides the API interfaces for both the CloudStack API as well as the EC2
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interface.
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- Provides the API interfaces for both the CloudStack API as well as the EC2
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interface.
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- Manages the assignment of guest Instances to a specific compute resource
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- Manages the assignment of public and private IP addresses.
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- Manages the assignment of public and private IP addresses.
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- Allocates storage during the VM instantiation process.
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Cloud Infrastructure Overview
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Resources within the cloud are managed as follows:
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Resources within the cloud are managed as follows:
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- Regions: A collection of one or more geographically proximate zones managed
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by one or more management servers.
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- Regions: A collection of one or more geographically proximate zones managed
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by one or more management servers.
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- Zones: Typically, a zone is equivalent to a single datacenter. A zone
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- Zones: Typically, a zone is equivalent to a single datacenter. A zone
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consists of one or more pods and secondary storage.
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- Pods: A pod is usually a rack, or row of racks that includes a layer-2
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- Pods: A pod is usually a rack, or row of racks that includes a layer-2
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switch and one or more clusters.
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- Clusters: A cluster consists of one or more homogenous hosts and primary
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storage.
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- Clusters: A cluster consists of one or more homogenous hosts and primary
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storage.
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- Host: A single compute node within a cluster; often a hypervisor.
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- Host: A single compute node within a cluster; often a hypervisor.
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- Primary Storage: A storage resource typically provided to a single cluster
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- Primary Storage: A storage resource typically provided to a single cluster
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for the actual running of Instance disk images. (Zone-wide primary storage
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is an option, though not typically used.)
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Networking Overview
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CloudStack offers many types of networking, but they typically fall into one
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of two scenarios:
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CloudStack offers many types of networking, but they typically fall into one
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of two scenarios:
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- Basic: Most analogous to AWS-classic style networking. Provides a single
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flat layer-2 network where guest isolation is provided at layer-3 by the
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hypervisors bridge device.
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- Basic: Most analogous to AWS-classic style networking. Provides a single
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flat layer-2 network where guest isolation is provided at layer-3 by the
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hypervisors bridge device.
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- Advanced: This typically uses layer-2 isolation such as VLANs, though this
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- Advanced: This typically uses layer-2 isolation such as VLANs, though this
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category also includes SDN technologies such as Nicira NVP.
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will be set up as a single zone in CloudStack.
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.. note::
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If you are upgrading from a previous CloudStack version, and your existing
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deployment contains a zone with clusters from multiple VMware Datacenters,
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that zone will not be forcibly migrated to the new model. It will continue
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to function as before. However, any new zone-wide operations, such as
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zone-wide primary storage and live storage migration, will not be available
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If you are upgrading from a previous CloudStack version, and your existing
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deployment contains a zone with clusters from multiple VMware Datacenters,
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that zone will not be forcibly migrated to the new model. It will continue
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to function as before. However, any new zone-wide operations, such as
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zone-wide primary storage and live storage migration, will not be available
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in that zone.
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.. _about-pods:
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- Dell EMC PowerFlex™ (v3.5)
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- HPE Primera/3PAR for FiberChannel
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- Pure FlashArray for FiberChannel
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If you intend to use only local disk for your installation, you can skip
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adding separate primary storage.
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.. warning::
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Heterogeneous Secondary Storage is not supported in Regions. For example,
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you cannot set up multiple zones, one using NFS secondary and the other
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Heterogeneous Secondary Storage is not supported in Regions. For example,
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you cannot set up multiple zones, one using NFS secondary and the other
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.. _about-object-storage:
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NAT between their guest network and the Public Network, as described
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in “Acquiring a New IP Address” in the Administration Guide.
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Public IPs are assigned to the "Public" interface of system VMs, including
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Virtual Routers.
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The IP space used in a "Public" network can either be really publicly
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The IP space used in a "Public" network can either be really publicly
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routable IP space (e.g. in case of a Public cloud setup), or can be
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any other company internal (RFC 1918) IP space that is not used with other
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CloudStack networks (e.g. in case of a Private cloud setup

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