Support for extracting hours/minutes/seconds/etc. from Time32/Time64 type in temporal kernels

[Jefffrey]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

In temporal kernels, only hour currently supports Time32/Time64 types:

arrow-rs/arrow-arith/src/temporal.rs

Lines 187 to 216 in c578570

	pub fn hour<T>(array: &PrimitiveArray<T>) -> Result<Int32Array, ArrowError>
	where
	T: ArrowTemporalType + ArrowNumericType,
	i64: From<T::Native>,
	{
	let b = Int32Builder::with_capacity(array.len());
	match array.data_type() {
	DataType::Time32(_) | DataType::Time64(_) => {
	let iter = ArrayIter::new(array);
	Ok(as_time_with_op::<&PrimitiveArray<T>, T, _>(iter, b, |t| {
	t.hour() as i32
	}))
	}
	DataType::Date32 | DataType::Date64 | DataType::Timestamp(_, None) => {
	let iter = ArrayIter::new(array);
	Ok(as_datetime_with_op::<&PrimitiveArray<T>, T, _>(
	iter,
	b,
	|t| t.hour() as i32,
	))
	}
	DataType::Timestamp(_, Some(tz)) => {
	let iter = ArrayIter::new(array);
	extract_component_from_datetime_array::<&PrimitiveArray<T>, T, _>(iter, b, tz, |t| {
	t.hour() as i32
	})
	}
	_ => return_compute_error_with!("hour does not support", array.data_type()),
	}
	}

Note this seems to only work for hour and not hour_dyn:

arrow-rs/arrow-arith/src/temporal.rs

Lines 178 to 183 in c578570

	/// Extracts the hours of a given array as an array of integers within
	/// the range of [0, 23]. If the given array isn't temporal primitive or dictionary array,
	/// an `Err` will be returned.
	pub fn hour_dyn(array: &dyn Array) -> Result<ArrayRef, ArrowError> {
	time_fraction_dyn(array, "hour", |t| t.hour() as i32)
	}

Describe the solution you'd like

Be able to call the following for Time32/Time64 types:

• hour
• minute
• second
• millisecond
• microsecond
• nanosecond

Describe alternatives you've considered

Additional context

[tustvold]

label_issue.py automatically added labels {'arrow'} from #5337