fix(compiler): limit the number of chained instructions (#57069)

Some Angular template instructions that follow each other may be chained
together in a single expressions statement, containing a deeply nested
AST of call expressions. The number of chained instructions wasn't previously
limited, so this could result in very deep ASTs that cause stack overflow
errors during TypeScript emit.

This commit introduces a limit to the number of chained instructions to
avoid these problems.

Closes #57066

PR Close #57069

Author: JoostK