ubsan: Fix panic from test_ubsan_out_of_bounds

[ Upstream commit 9b04461 ]

Running lib_ubsan.ko on arm64 (without CONFIG_UBSAN_TRAP) panics the
kernel:

[   31.616546] Kernel panic - not syncing: stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: test_ubsan_out_of_bounds+0x158/0x158 [test_ubsan]
[   31.646817] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 179 Comm: insmod Not tainted 6.15.0-rc2 #1 PREEMPT
[   31.648153] Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
[   31.648970] Call trace:
[   31.649345]  show_stack+0x18/0x24 (C)
[   31.650960]  dump_stack_lvl+0x40/0x84
[   31.651559]  dump_stack+0x18/0x24
[   31.652264]  panic+0x138/0x3b4
[   31.652812]  __ktime_get_real_seconds+0x0/0x10
[   31.653540]  test_ubsan_load_invalid_value+0x0/0xa8 [test_ubsan]
[   31.654388]  init_module+0x24/0xff4 [test_ubsan]
[   31.655077]  do_one_initcall+0xd4/0x280
[   31.655680]  do_init_module+0x58/0x2b4

That happens because the test corrupts other data in the stack:
400:   d5384108        mrs     x8, sp_el0
404:   f9426d08        ldr     x8, [x8, torvalds#1240]
408:   f85f83a9        ldur    x9, [x29, #-8]
40c:   eb09011f        cmp     x8, x9
410:   54000301        b.ne    470 <test_ubsan_out_of_bounds+0x154>  // b.any

As there is no guarantee the compiler will order the local variables
as declared in the module:
        volatile char above[4] = { }; /* Protect surrounding memory. */
        volatile int arr[4];
        volatile char below[4] = { }; /* Protect surrounding memory. */

There is another problem where the out-of-bound index is 5 which is larger
than the extra surrounding memory for protection.

So, use a struct to enforce the ordering, and fix the index to be 4.
Also, remove some of the volatiles and rely on OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR()

Signed-off-by: Mostafa Saleh <smostafa@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250415203354.4109415-1-smostafa@google.com
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>

Author: misaleh

lib/test_ubsan.c

@@ -35,18 +35,22 @@ static void test_ubsan_shift_out_of_bounds(void)
 
 static void test_ubsan_out_of_bounds(void)
 {
-	volatile int i = 4, j = 5, k = -1;
-	volatile char above[4] = { }; /* Protect surrounding memory. */
-	volatile int arr[4];
-	volatile char below[4] = { }; /* Protect surrounding memory. */
+	int i = 4, j = 4, k = -1;
+	volatile struct {
+		char above[4]; /* Protect surrounding memory. */
+		int arr[4];
+		char below[4]; /* Protect surrounding memory. */
+	} data;
 
-	above[0] = below[0];
+	OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(i);
+	OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(j);
+	OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(k);
 
 	UBSAN_TEST(CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS, "above");
-	arr[j] = i;
+	data.arr[j] = i;
 
 	UBSAN_TEST(CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS, "below");
-	arr[k] = i;
+	data.arr[k] = i;
 }
 
 enum ubsan_test_enum {