IPA Consonants | Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p , b |
t , d |
k , g |
ʔ |
||
Nasal | m |
n |
ɲ |
|||
Fricative | f , v |
θ , ð |
s , z |
ç |
x |
|
Liquid | w |
r , l |
j |
Affricates: [t͡s
], [d͡z
]
x <- disallowed
Diphthongs | ä | ε | i | ɔ |
---|---|---|---|---|
ä | x | x | ||
ε | x | x | ||
i | x | |||
ɔ | x | |||
u |
IPA Vowels | Front | Back |
---|---|---|
Close | i |
u |
Mid | ε |
ɔ |
Open | ä |
- [
ä
] : [a
], [ə
] - [
ε
] : [e
] - [
ɔ
] : [o
] - [
i
] : [i
], [ɪ
] - [
u
] : [u
], [ʊ
], [y
] - [
m
] : [ɱ
] - [
n
] : [ŋ
], [ɴ
] - [
f
] : [ɸ
] - [
v
] : [β
] - [
s
] : [ʃ
], [ʂ
] - [
z
] : [ʒ
], [ʐ
] - [
ç
] : [c
], - [
x
] : [χ
], [h
] - [
r
] : [ɹ
], [ɻ
], [ɾ
], [ʀ
], [ʁ
] - [
l
] : [ɭ
] - [
j
] : [ʝ
]
Note: Diphthongs are equivalent to every combination of their allophones