forked from shadow-maint/shadow
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 1
/
Copy pathusermod.8.xml
664 lines (657 loc) · 21.8 KB
/
usermod.8.xml
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY LASTLOG_UID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml">
<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
<!ENTITY USE_TCB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
]>
<refentry id='usermod.8'>
<!-- $Id$ -->
<refentryinfo>
<author>
<firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
<surname>Haugh</surname>
<contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
<surname>François</surname>
<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
</author>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv id='name'>
<refname>usermod</refname>
<refpurpose>modify a user account</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>usermod</command>
<arg choice='opt'>
<replaceable>options</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1 id='description'>
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
<para>
The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account
files.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='options'>
<title>OPTIONS</title>
<para>
The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command
are:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the
<option>-G</option> option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-b</option>, <option>--badname</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow names that do not conform to standards.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option> <replaceable>COMMENT</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
update the comment field of the user in <filename>/etc/passwd
</filename>, which is normally modified using the <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry> utility.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option> <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The user's new login directory.
</para>
<para>
If the <option>-m</option>
option is given, the contents of the current home directory will
be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does
not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist
the new home directory will not be created.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option> <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The date on which the user account will be disabled. The
date is specified in the format
<emphasis remap="I">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>. Integers as input are
interpreted as days after 1970-01-01.
</para>
<para>
An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account
expiration field in the shadow password file. The account
will remain available with no date limit.
</para>
<para>
This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file.
A <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if
there were none.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option> <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing
the password. This grace period before the account becomes inactive
is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable an
expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the
respective field in the shadow password file. See <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</citerefentry> for more information.
</para>
<para>
This option requires a <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file.
A <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> entry will be created if
there were none.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option> <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group.
The group must exist.
</para>
<para>
Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous
primary group of the user will be owned by this new group.
</para>
<para>
The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory
must be fixed manually.
</para>
<para>
The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's
home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is
different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure
for special home directories such as <filename>/</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option> <replaceable>GROUP1</replaceable>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap='I'>,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member
of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
intervening whitespace. The groups must exist.
</para>
<para>
If the user is currently a member of a group which is
not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This
behaviour can be changed via the <option>-a</option> option, which
appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option> <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name of the user will be changed from
<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> to
<replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is changed. In
particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should
probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the
encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You
can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or
<option>-U</option>.
</para>
<para>
Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a
password), you should also set the
<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to
<replaceable>1</replaceable>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-m</option>, <option>--move-home</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
moves the content of the user's home directory to the new
location. If the current home directory does not exist
the new home directory will not be created.
</para>
<para>
This option is only valid in combination with the
<option>-d</option> (or <option>--home</option>) option.
</para>
<para>
<command>usermod</command> will try to adapt the ownership of the
files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but
manual changes might be needed afterwards.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
</para>
<para>
This option is only valid in combination with the
<option>-u</option> option. As a user identity
serves as
key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file
ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's
behavior on the other hand, more than one login name
will access the account of the given UID.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option> <replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to
be encrypted, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis> Avoid this option on the
command line because the password (or encrypted password) will
be visible by users listing the processes.
</para>
<para condition="pam">
The password will be written in the local
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file. This might differ from the
password database configured in your PAM configuration.
</para>
<para>
You should make sure the password respects the system's
password policy.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the
<option>-G</option> option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
directory and use the configuration files from the
<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
Only absolute paths are supported.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option> <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable> and use as well the
configuration files located there. This option does not
chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation
target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are
not verified. PAM authentication is using the host
files. No SELINUX support.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option> <replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks the
field in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and logs the user into the
system's default shell.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option> <replaceable>UID</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The new value of the user's ID.
</para>
<para>
This value must be unique,
unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be
non-negative.
</para>
<para>
The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are
located in the user's home
directory will have the file user ID changed automatically.
</para>
<para>
The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory
must be fixed manually.
</para>
<para>
The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's
home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is
different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure
for special home directories such as <filename>/</filename>.
</para>
<para>
No checks will be performed with regard to the
<option>UID_MIN</option>, <option>UID_MAX</option>,
<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>, or <option>SYS_UID_MAX</option>
from <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the
encrypted password. You can't use this option with
<option>-p</option> or <option>-L</option>.
</para>
<para>
Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a
password), you should also set the
<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> (for example to
<replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the
<option>EXPIRE</option> value from
<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry condition="subids">
<term>
<option>-v</option>, <option>--add-subuids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.
</para>
<para>
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account.
</para>
<para>
No checks will be performed with regard to
<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, or
<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry condition="subids">
<term>
<option>-V</option>, <option>--del-subuids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.
</para>
<para>
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account.
When both <option>--del-subuids</option> and <option>--add-subuids</option> are specified,
the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.
</para>
<para>
No checks will be performed with regard to
<option>SUB_UID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_UID_MAX</option>, or
<option>SUB_UID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry condition="subids">
<term>
<option>-w</option>, <option>--add-subgids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.
</para>
<para>
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account.
</para>
<para>
No checks will be performed with regard to
<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or
<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry condition="subids">
<term>
<option>-W</option>, <option>--del-subgids</option> <replaceable>FIRST</replaceable>-<replaceable>LAST</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.
</para>
<para>
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account.
When both <option>--del-subgids</option> and <option>--add-subgids</option> are specified,
the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.
</para>
<para>
No checks will be performed with regard to
<option>SUB_GID_MIN</option>, <option>SUB_GID_MAX</option>, or
<option>SUB_GID_COUNT</option> from /etc/login.defs.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option> <replaceable>SEUSER</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>. An empty string ("")
will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the
shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses
semanage(8) for that.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--selinux-range</option> <replaceable>SERANGE</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account.
Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-range,
it uses <citerefentry><refentrytitle>semanage</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for that.
</para>
<para>
This option is only valid if the <option>-Z</option> (or
<option>--selinux-user</option>) option is specified.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='caveats'>
<title>CAVEATS</title>
<para>
You must make certain that the named user is
not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the
user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home
directory is being changed. <command>usermod</command> checks this
on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if
the user is logged in.
</para>
<para>
You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</command> files or
<command>at</command> jobs manually.
</para>
<para>
You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='configuration'>
<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
<para>
The following configuration variables in
<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
tool:
</para>
<variablelist>
&LASTLOG_UID_MAX;
&MAIL_DIR; <!-- documents also MAIL_FILE -->
&MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
&SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MAX and SUB_GID_MIN -->
&SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MAX and SUB_UID_MIN -->
&TCB_SYMLINKS;
&USE_TCB;
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='files'>
<title>FILES</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Group account information</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry condition="gshadow">
<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Secure group account information</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shadow password suite configuration</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>User account information</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Secure user account information</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry condition="subids">
<term><filename>/etc/subgid</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Per user subordinate group IDs</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry condition="subids">
<term><filename>/etc/subuid</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Per user subordinate user IDs</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='see_also'>
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
<para>
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<phrase condition="subids">
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>subgid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>subuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
</phrase>
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>