웹으로 어셈블리 보기Assembly(ARM binutils)

https://assembly.godbolt.org/

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ARMv8-A Reference Manual | 출처: ARM

• https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0487/ak/

• Arm Examples 암어셈블리 예제

  • https://armasm.com/

• Arm어셈블리 기초

  • https://github.com/kangtegong/self-learning-cs/blob/main/registers/registers.md
  • https://kyuhyuk.kr/article/raspberry-pi/2019/05/15/ARM-Assembly

• ARM 어셈블리 가이드(ARM Assembly Guide 임베디드(2011. 12. 15. 14:12)

  • https://blog.naver.com/gangst11/145839687

  • ARM 어셈블리 가이드(ARM Assembly Guide)

    • 이 문서는 ARM Cortex A8을 기준으로 ARM Assembly 언어를 사용하는 방법에 대해서 다룹니다.C언어는 기본적으로 안다는 가정하에 ARM 어셈블리 이해를 돕기 위하여 C언어의 문법과 연결시켜 설명을 할 것입니다.
      • [출처] ARM 어셈블리 가이드(ARM Assembly Guide|작성자 권과장11 https://blog.naver.com/gangst11/145839687

어셈블러의 비교

• https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%85%88%EB%B8%94%EB%9F%AC%EC%9D%98_%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90

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macOS version history

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS_version_history

  • https://github.com/fxcoudert/gfortran-for-macOS/releases

• Darwin(Operating System)

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)

• AT&T Unix System V

  • https://unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html

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xcrun오류 해결 (XCode를 설치해야한다)

• https://www.bpetersen.dk/post/how-to-fix-mac-os-xcrun-error-invalid-active-developer-path-missing-xcrun

xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun

• Fortunately, there is an easy solution to that — just install, or reconfigure, the Xcode toolkit. You can either download it from the Appstore, from the Apple Developer download section, or you can install it via the Terminal:

$ xcode-select --install

• If you already have it installed and need to reset it, you can do the following (you probably need sudo rights to do that):

$ sudo xcode-select --reset

macOS c-linking error & 폴더

• Clang linking error MacOS Big Sur
  • https://forums.developer.apple.com/forums/thread/666700

export LDFLAGS=-L/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib
make  # or cmake .

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macOS dev.포럼 궁금한거 해결하기

• https://forums.developer.apple.com/forums/tags/compiler

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ARMv4 through 7 syntax highlighting for vim

• https://github.com/ARM9/arm-syntax-vim

VSCode Extension(Arm® assembly highlighting for Visual Studio Code)

• https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=dan-c-underwood.arm

  • ASM Code Lens
    • https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=maziac.asm-code-lens

네오빔(NeoVim)assembly(asm-lsp)

• NeoVim(TSInstall)

:TSInstall asm

• Vim _ Assembly Highlight Syntax

:set ft=nasm  " assembly highlight syntax

• NeoVim(asm-lsp)
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/neovim/s/XAuQM98VY6
    • https://github.com/bergercookie/asm-lsp
      • Using cargo
        • Install using the cargo package manager, either from crates.io or from github:

cargo install asm-lsp
# or to get the latest version from github
cargo install --git https://github.com/bergercookie/asm-lsp

Vim

• https://github.com/ARM9/arm-syntax-vim

• Installation

• Copy the syntax folder into your ~/.vim folder

• with Plug

Plug 'ARM9/arm-syntax-vim'

• or with Pathogen

• Clone this repo into your ~/.vim/bundle directory.

git clone https://github.com/ARM9/arm-syntax-vim.git

• Using
  • In your .vimrc:

au BufNewFile,BufRead *.s,*.S set filetype=arm " arm = armv6/7

au BufNewFile,BufRead *.s,*.S, *.asm set filetype=arm " arm = armv6/7

• or add this line at the top or bottom of your assembly file(s):

@ vim:ft=armv5

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• Markdown code block keywords used by Discord

  • https://gist.github.com/alexislours/c7b12c630625db98afbfdf08f7a4ec17

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Mara Bos

@m_ou_se ⚛️📋 I made an overview of the ARMv8 and x86-64 machine instructions for all the common atomic operations:

https://twitter.com/m_ou_se/status/1590333332012662784/photo/1

예제로 어셈블리 익히기(arm assembly)

https://github.com/below/HelloSilicon

ARM Assembly Basics Tutorial Series:

https://azeria-labs.com/writing-arm-assembly-part-1/

• ARM Assembly Basics Tutorial Series:

  • Part 1: Introduction to ARM Assembly
  • Part 2: Data Types Registers
  • Part 3: ARM Instruction Set
  • Part 4: Memory Instructions: Loading and Storing Data
  • Part 5: Load and Store Multiple
  • Part 6: Conditional Execution and Branching
  • Part 7: Stack and Functions

• A Guide to ARM64 / AArch64 Assembly on Linux with Shellcodes and Cryptography

  • https://modexp.wordpress.com/2018/10/30/arm64-assembly/

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겁나게 쉽게 배우는 Arm Assembly | you can learn assembly FAST with this technique (arm64 breakdown) | Low Level Learning

https://youtu.be/vhyettT7sdA?si=LQ2AN5XeS5M8kJJ_

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[Armv7] CPSR 컨디셔널 비트 확인 디버깅 실습 (TRACE32)

https://youtu.be/CTu7aBbnZyA

'디버깅을 통해 배우는 리눅스 커널의 구조와 원리' 책 강의 동영상

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRrUisvYoUw9-cTYgkbTbr9f9CpbGdq4F

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rust_웹으로 어셈블리 보기Assembly

https://rust.godbolt.org/

Arm64_Assembly_Language

내가 공부하려고 만든 영상

한글강의Assembly언어001_ld_as_C언어_Assembly언어로 변환 #assembly https://youtu.be/9yt1Enp4EwU

영상 모아 보기

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcMveqN_07mY7DpIaeGGXfnctSwzZSOgG

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arm64 assembly crash course

https://github.com/Siguza/ios-resources/blob/master/bits/arm64.md

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How register is encoded in an ARM64 mov instruction? 변환 할 때 조심해야할 사항 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65233207/how-register-is-encoded-in-an-arm64-mov-instruction

GNU and LLVM tools get this right: aarch64-linux-gnu-objdump -d shows 528c4102, the 32-bit integer interpretation of the 4 bytes. llvm-objdump -d shows 02 41 8c 52, the raw byte sequence. Both of those are equivalent and not misleading.

But https://armconverter.com/ stupidly groups it up into 02418C52 (in its default "GDB" mode). This is bad. If you wanted to manually encode some AArch64 shellcode, you'd use .long 0x528c4102 (on a little-endian assembler targeting e.g. like x86, AArch64, or whatever) to get a representation of MOVZ W2, #0x6208.

By convention, a single string of digits without spaces has place-values that increase from right to left, and represent a single integer value of some width. It's not you, it's https://armconverter.com/ that's the problem.

armconverter has a "GDB/LLDB" toggle that fixes it to 528C4102 in LLDB mode, which it calls "big endian". But it's not a "big endian" byte sequence, there are no spaces so it's the 32-bit integer value. 02418C52 is the integer you'd get if you interpret the 4 bytes as big-endian (opposite of what an AArch64 CPU does), 528C4102 is the correct little-endian interpretation of those 4 bytes.

I think armconverter is using "big endian" to actually mean "byte reverse before removing spaces between bytes". This is braindead misuse of terminology. Again, both GNU binutils and LLVM disassemblers get this right, the problem is purely armconverter

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How to Read ARM64 Assembly Language

https://wolchok.org/posts/how-to-read-arm64-assembly-language/

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C to Assembly

• MIT 영상 MIT OpenCourseWare

https://youtu.be/wt7a5BOztuM

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clang 으로 LLVM IR Code 로 우선 변환

$ clang -S -emit-llvm fib.c

fib.c 가 fib.ll 변환됨

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변환 된 fib.ll파일을 fib.s 어셈블리 파일로 다시 변환

$ clang fib.ll -S

// 링크로 연결해서 실행 파일 만들기

$ ld -macosx_version_min 12.0.0 -o fib fib.o -lSystem -syslibroot `xcrun -sdk macosx --show-sdk-path` -e _main -arch arm64

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C 언어 다르게 Assembly 변환하기

Basic Structure of C Program in Hindi: C Tutorial In Hindi #4

https://youtu.be/5SIBB589fAg

main.s --> Assembly file

$ gcc -Wall -save-temps main.c

$ ls

a.out   main.bc main.c  main.i  main.o  main.s

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otool 활용법 macOS 쓰는 툴

// otool 을 이용해 Assembly 코드를 볼 수 있다.

$ otool -tv fib

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otool 활용법(macOS)

Comparing C to machine language

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOyaJXpAYZQ

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❤️❤️❤️ Shellcode for macOS on M1 chips - Part 1: Quick overview of ARM64 assembly language ❤️

Shellcode for macOS on M1 chips - Part 1: Quick overview of ARM64 assembly language

https://youtu.be/rg6kU42LQcY

objdump 활용법

.o 오브젝트 파일 만든 후

objdump -d fib.o

objdump 예시 파일

objdump -d fib.o

fib.o:	file format mach-o arm64

Disassembly of section __TEXT,__text:

0000000000000000 <ltmp0>:
       0: ff 83 00 d1  	sub	sp, sp, #32
       4: fd 7b 01 a9  	stp	x29, x30, [sp, #16]
       8: fd 43 00 91  	add	x29, sp, #16
       c: e0 0b 00 b9  	str	w0, [sp, #8]
      10: e8 0b 40 b9  	ldr	w8, [sp, #8]
      14: 08 09 00 71  	subs	w8, w8, #2
      18: aa 00 00 54  	b.ge	0x2c <ltmp0+0x2c>
      1c: 01 00 00 14  	b	0x20 <ltmp0+0x20>
      20: e8 0b 40 b9  	ldr	w8, [sp, #8]
      24: a8 c3 1f b8  	stur	w8, [x29, #-4]
      28: 0e 00 00 14  	b	0x60 <ltmp0+0x60>
      2c: e8 0b 40 b9  	ldr	w8, [sp, #8]
      30: 00 05 00 71  	subs	w0, w8, #1
      34: f3 ff ff 97  	bl	0x0 <ltmp0>
      38: e0 07 00 b9  	str	w0, [sp, #4]
      3c: e8 0b 40 b9  	ldr	w8, [sp, #8]
      40: 00 09 00 71  	subs	w0, w8, #2
      44: ef ff ff 97  	bl	0x0 <ltmp0>
      48: e0 03 00 b9  	str	w0, [sp]
      4c: e8 07 40 b9  	ldr	w8, [sp, #4]
      50: e9 03 40 b9  	ldr	w9, [sp]
      54: 08 01 09 0b  	add	w8, w8, w9
      58: a8 c3 1f b8  	stur	w8, [x29, #-4]
      5c: 01 00 00 14  	b	0x60 <ltmp0+0x60>
      60: a0 c3 5f b8  	ldur	w0, [x29, #-4]
      64: fd 7b 41 a9  	ldp	x29, x30, [sp, #16]
      68: ff 83 00 91  	add	sp, sp, #32
      6c: c0 03 5f d6  	ret

0000000000000070 <_main>:
      70: ff 03 01 d1  	sub	sp, sp, #64
      74: fd 7b 03 a9  	stp	x29, x30, [sp, #48]
      78: fd c3 00 91  	add	x29, sp, #48
      7c: 08 00 80 52  	mov	w8, #0
      80: a8 43 1f b8  	stur	w8, [x29, #-12]
      84: bf c3 1f b8  	stur	wzr, [x29, #-4]
      88: 08 05 80 52  	mov	w8, #40
      8c: a8 83 1f b8  	stur	w8, [x29, #-8]
      90: a9 83 5f b8  	ldur	w9, [x29, #-8]
      94: e8 03 09 aa  	mov	x8, x9
      98: e8 0f 00 f9  	str	x8, [sp, #24]
      9c: a0 83 5f b8  	ldur	w0, [x29, #-8]
      a0: 00 00 00 94  	bl	0xa0 <_main+0x30>
      a4: e8 0f 40 f9  	ldr	x8, [sp, #24]
      a8: ea 03 00 aa  	mov	x10, x0
      ac: 00 00 00 90  	adrp	x0, 0x0 <_main+0x3c>
      b0: 00 00 00 91  	add	x0, x0, #0
      b4: e9 03 00 91  	mov	x9, sp
      b8: 28 01 00 f9  	str	x8, [x9]
      bc: e8 03 0a aa  	mov	x8, x10
      c0: 28 05 00 f9  	str	x8, [x9, #8]
      c4: 00 00 00 94  	bl	0xc4 <_main+0x54>
      c8: a0 43 5f b8  	ldur	w0, [x29, #-12]
      cc: fd 7b 43 a9  	ldp	x29, x30, [sp, #48]
      d0: ff 03 01 91  	add	sp, sp, #64
      d4: c0 03 5f d6  	ret

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실행 파일 만들어서 하는 방법

./fib 실행 파일 만들고 명령어

$ otool -tv fib

$ otool -tv fib

fib:
(__TEXT,__text) section
_fib:
0000000100003ec4	sub	sp, sp, #0x20
0000000100003ec8	stp	x29, x30, [sp, #0x10]
0000000100003ecc	add	x29, sp, #0x10
0000000100003ed0	str	w0, [sp, #0x8]
0000000100003ed4	ldr	w8, [sp, #0x8]
0000000100003ed8	subs	w8, w8, #0x2
0000000100003edc	b.ge	0x100003ef0
0000000100003ee0	b	0x100003ee4
0000000100003ee4	ldr	w8, [sp, #0x8]
0000000100003ee8	stur	w8, [x29, #-0x4]
0000000100003eec	b	0x100003f24
0000000100003ef0	ldr	w8, [sp, #0x8]
0000000100003ef4	subs	w0, w8, #0x1
0000000100003ef8	bl	_fib
0000000100003efc	str	w0, [sp, #0x4]
0000000100003f00	ldr	w8, [sp, #0x8]
0000000100003f04	subs	w0, w8, #0x2
0000000100003f08	bl	_fib
0000000100003f0c	str	w0, [sp]
0000000100003f10	ldr	w8, [sp, #0x4]
0000000100003f14	ldr	w9, [sp]
0000000100003f18	add	w8, w8, w9
0000000100003f1c	stur	w8, [x29, #-0x4]
0000000100003f20	b	0x100003f24
0000000100003f24	ldur	w0, [x29, #-0x4]
0000000100003f28	ldp	x29, x30, [sp, #0x10]
0000000100003f2c	add	sp, sp, #0x20
0000000100003f30	ret
_main:
0000000100003f34	sub	sp, sp, #0x40
0000000100003f38	stp	x29, x30, [sp, #0x30]
0000000100003f3c	add	x29, sp, #0x30
0000000100003f40	mov	w8, #0x0
0000000100003f44	stur	w8, [x29, #-0xc]
0000000100003f48	stur	wzr, [x29, #-0x4]
0000000100003f4c	mov	w8, #0x28
0000000100003f50	stur	w8, [x29, #-0x8]
0000000100003f54	ldur	w9, [x29, #-0x8]
0000000100003f58	mov	x8, x9
0000000100003f5c	str	x8, [sp, #0x18]
0000000100003f60	ldur	w0, [x29, #-0x8]
0000000100003f64	bl	_fib
0000000100003f68	ldr	x8, [sp, #0x18]
0000000100003f6c	mov	x10, x0
0000000100003f70	adrp	x0, 0 ; 0x100003000
0000000100003f74	add	x0, x0, #0xfa8 ; literal pool for: "fib(%d) %d \n"
0000000100003f78	mov	x9, sp
0000000100003f7c	str	x8, [x9]
0000000100003f80	mov	x8, x10
0000000100003f84	str	x8, [x9, #0x8]
0000000100003f88	bl	0x100003f9c ; symbol stub for: _printf
0000000100003f8c	ldur	w0, [x29, #-0xc]
0000000100003f90	ldp	x29, x30, [sp, #0x30]
0000000100003f94	add	sp, sp, #0x40
0000000100003f98	ret

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God-Tier Developer Roadmap

God-Tier Developer Roadmap | Fireship

https://youtu.be/pEfrdAtAmqk

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자료 정리함

C코드를 ll로 변환 후 Assembly ❤️바꾸는 방법(LLVM&Assembly코드는 M1pro arm64기계 기준임macOS)otool활용

출처: https://economiceco.tistory.com/14882 [경제PLUS:티스토리]