题: 编写一个要求用户输入两个整数的程序。该程序将计算并输出这两个整数之间(包括这两个整数)所有整数的和。这里假设先输入较小的整数。例如,用户输入的是2和9,则程序将指出2~9之间所有整数的和为44。
解:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std;
int number1, number2;
cout << "Enter the first number: ";
cin >> number1;
cout << "Enter the second number: ";
cin >> number2;
if (number1 > number2) {
int tmp;
tmp = number1;
number1 = number2;
number2 = tmp;
}
int s = 0;
for (int num=number1; num < number2+1; ++num) {
s += num;
}
cout << "Sum the number from " << number1 << " to " << number2
<< ", sum = " << s << endl;
return 0;
}
题: 使用 array
对象(而不是数组)和 long double
(而不是 long long
)重新编写程序清单5.4,并计算 100! 的值。
解:
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
const int ar_size = 100;
int main() {
using namespace std;
array<long double, ar_size> factorials;
factorials[0] = factorials[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < ar_size+1; ++i) {
factorials[i] = i * factorials[i-1];
}
for (int i = 0; i < ar_size + 1; ++i) {
cout << i << "! = " << factorials[i] << "\n";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
题: 编写一个要求用户输入数字的程序。每次输入后,程序都将报告到目前为止,所有输入的累计和。当用户输入 0 时,程序结束。
解:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std;
double s = 0;
double ch;
while (1) {
cout << "Enter a number (int/double) (0 to exit): ";
cin >> ch;
if (ch == 0) {
break;
}
s += ch;
cout << "Until now, the sum of the number you inputed is: "
<< s << endl;
}
return 0;
}
题: Daphne以10%的单利投资了100美元。也就是说,每一年的利润都是投资额的10%,即每年10美元。而Cleo以5%的复利投资了100美元。也就是说,利息是当前存款(包括获得的利息)的5%,Cleo在第一年投资100美元的盈利是5%—得到了105美元。下一年的盈利是105美元的5%—即5.25美元,依此类推。请编写一个程序,计算多少年后,Cleo的投资价值才能超过Daphne的投资价值,并显示此时两个人的投资价值。
解:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std;
double daphne_account = 100;
double cleo_account = 100;
int year = 0;
while (cleo_account <= daphne_account) {
++year;
daphne_account += 10;
cleo_account += cleo_account * 0.05;
}
cout << "After " << year << " Years. "
<< "Cleo's account is " << cleo_account
<< " while more than the one of Daphne which is "
<< daphne_account << "." << endl;
return 0;
}
题: 假设要销售《C++ For Fools》一书。请编写一个程序,输入全年中每个月的销售量(图书数量,而不是销售额)。程序通过循环,使用初始化为月份字符串的 char *
数组(或 string
对象数组)逐月进行提示,并将输入的数据储存在一个int数组中。然后,程序计算数组中各元素的总数,并报告这一年的销售情况。
解:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
using namespace std;
string months[12] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr",
"May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug",
"Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
int sell[12];
int total_sales = 0;
cout << "Enter the sales of book <<C++ for Fools>> each month." << endl;
for (int i=0; i < 12; ++i) {
cout << months[i] << ":";
cin >> sell[i];
total_sales += sell[i];
}
cout << "\nThe total sales is " << total_sales << endl;
for (int i=0; i < 12; ++i) {
cout << months[i] << ": " << sell[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}
题: 完成编程练习5,但这一次使用一个二维数组来存储输入——3年中每个月的销售量。程序将报告每年销售量以及三年的总销售量。
解:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
using namespace std;
string months[12] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr",
"May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug",
"Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
int sells[3][12];
int total_sales[3] = {0, 0, 0};
for (int i=0; i<3; ++i) {
cout << "Enter " << i+1 << " year(s) sales of book <<C++ for Fools>> each month." << endl;
for (int j=0; j<12; ++j) {
cout << months[j] << ": ";
cin >> sells[i][j];
total_sales[i] += sells[i][j];
}
}
for (int i=0; i<3; ++i) {
cout << i+1 << " year(s) total sales is "
<< total_sales[i] << endl;
}
cout << "There years total sales is "
<< total_sales[0] + total_sales[1] + total_sales[2] << endl;
return 0;
}
题: 设计一个名为 car
的结构体,用它存储下述有关汽车的信息:生产商(存储在字符数组或 string
对象中的字符串)、生产年份(整数)。编写一个程序,向用户询问有多少辆汽车。随后,程序使用new来创建一个由相应数量的 car
结构体组成的动态数组。接下来,程序提示用户输入每辆车的生产商(可能由多个单词组成)和年份信息。请注意,这需要特别小心,因为它将交替读取数值和字符串(参见第4章)。最后,程序将显示每个结构的内容。该程序的运行情况如下:
How many cars do you wish to catalog? 2 Car #1: Please enter the maker: Hudson Hornet Please enter the year made: 1952 Car #2: Please enter the maker: Kaiser Please enter the year made: 1951 Here is your collection: 1952 Hudson Hornet 1951 Kaiser
解:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
using namespace std;
struct Car {
string company;
int year;
};
int car_num = 0;
cout << "How many cars do you wish to catalog? ";
cin >> car_num;
cin.get() // 读取输入流末尾的回车
Car *cars = new Car[car_num];
for (int i=0; i < car_num; ++i) {
cout << "Please enter the maker: ";
cin >> (cars+i)->company;
cout << "Please enter the year made: ";
cin >> (cars+i)->year;
}
cout << "\nHere is your collection: \n";
for (int i=0; i < car_num; ++i) {
cout << cars[i].year << " " << cars[i].company << endl;
}
delete [] cars;
return 0;
}
题: 编写一个程序,它使用一个 char
数组和循环,每次读取一个单词,直到用户输入 done
为止。随后,该程序指出用户输入了多少个单词(不包括done在内)。下面是该程序的运行情况:
Enter words (type 'done' to stop): anteater birthday category dumpster envy finagle genometry done for sure
You entered a total of 7 words.
您应在程序中包含头文件
cstring
,并使用函数strcmp()
来进行比较测试。
解:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
int main() {
using namespace std;
int word_count = 0;
char ch[80];
cout << "Enter a word (type 'done' to stop the program.): \n";
do {
cin >> ch;
if (strcmp(ch, "done") != 0) {
word_count++;
}
} while (strcmp(ch, "done") != 0);
cout << "\nYou entered a total of " << word_count << " words." << endl;
return 0;
}
题: 编写一个满足前一个练习中描述的程序,但使用 string
对象而不是字符数组。请在程序中包含头文件 string
,并使用关系运算符来进行 比较测试。
解:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
using namespace std;
int word_count = 0;
string ch;
cout << "Enter a word (type 'done' to stop the program.): \n";
do {
cin >> ch;
if (ch != "done") {
word_count++;
}
} while (ch != "done");
cout << "\nYou entered a total of " << word_count << " words." << endl;
return 0;
}
题: 编写一个使用嵌套循环的程序,要求用户输入一个值,指出要显示多少行。然后,程序将显示相应行数的星号,其中第一行包括一个星号,第二行包括两个星号,依此类推。每一行包含的字符数等于用户指定的行数,在星号不够的情况下,在星号前面加上句点。该程序的运 行情况如下:
Enter number of rows: 5 Output: ....* ...** ..*** .****
解:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std;
int line_num = 0;
cout << "Enter the number of rows: ";
cin >> line_num;
cout << "Output:" << endl;
for (int i = line_num; i > 0; --i) {
for (int j = i-1; j > 0; --j) {
cout << ".";
}
for (int j = line_num - (i-1); j > 0; --j) {
cout << "*";
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}