Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
340 lines (246 loc) · 22.4 KB

server-environment.md

File metadata and controls

340 lines (246 loc) · 22.4 KB
Raw

Server Environment

Although WordPress can work in almost any environment, even very minimal ones, it must be acknowledged that it does not work completely well in these. That's why here we are going to make some minimum recommendations of the environment in which it would work most effectively when considering that most WordPress websites use third party plugins and themes which commonly introduce additional server-level requirements.

WordPress Environment recommendations

Quick recommendations:

All the post published are available at:

Web Server

The web server is piece of software that accepts user web requests and serves them the appropriate result. There are many different web servers that run on different operation systems. Generally, if your web server supports and executes PHP files, it should be able to work with WordPress.

The two most popular ones that are recommended are:

Others are used by hosting companies and developers and are known to work well too:

Those are the latest versions at the time of writing this document, for WordPress 6.6. Always keep your web server up-to-date to ensure best performance!

PHP

PHP is a programming language on which WordPress code is based. This language runs on the server and it is important to keep it up to date, both for security and functionality.

WordPress supports many versions of PHP, some even obsolete (PHP Compatibility and WordPress Versions), for hosting companies we recommend:

WordPress versions

WordPress 6.6

IMPORTANT: WordPress 6.6 is compatible with exceptions with PHP 8.1, and PHP 8.2, and beta compatible with PHP 8.3.

What "compatible with exceptions" means?

  • PHP 8.1

    • Not all "passing null to non-nullable" issues have been found. In PHP, you can tell a function exactly what type of information it should accept. If you tell a function to expect a certain type of information, and you give it nothing at all (null is like saying "nothing"), then PHP gets confused and gives an error. This problem happens when someone accidentally gives a function "nothing" when the function wasn't designed to handle "nothing".
    • _htmlentities() needs the default value of the flags parameter explicitly set_. According to htmlentities(), the default for flags for PHP 8.1 was "changed from ENT_COMPAT to ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE | ENT_HTML401". All use cases for this functionality in WordPress Core are being investigated. NOTE: Has a patch, but moved to WordPress 6.7.
    • Replace most strip_tags() with wp_strip_tags(). There are rare occasions when the strip_tags() function is passed a null value, which generates a warning that the string is deprecated. NOTE: Has a patch.
    • Update is_serialized function to accept Enums. Enums are not backwards compatible with older PHP versions. NOTE: Has a patch, but moved to WordPress 6.7.

  • PHP 8.2

What "beta" means?

  • PHP 8.3
    • Deprecation notices. A deprecation notice is not an error, but rather an indicator of where additional work is needed for compatibility before PHP 9.0. With a deprecation notice, the PHP code will continue to work and nothing is broken.
    • Improve error handling for unserialize(). maybe_unserialize() function could still be confronted by data with trailing bytes. NOTE: Moved to WordPress 6.7.

WordPress 6.5

IMPORTANT: WordPress 6.5 is compatible with exceptions with PHP 8.0, PHP 8.1, and PHP 8.2, and beta compatible with PHP 8.3.

What "compatible with exceptions" means?

What "beta" means?

  • PHP 8.3
    • Deprecation notices: A deprecation notice is not an error, but rather an indicator of where additional work is needed for compatibility before PHP 9.0. With a deprecation notice, the PHP code will continue to work and nothing is broken.

WordPress 6.4

IMPORTANT: WordPress 6.4 is compatible with exceptions with PHP 8.0, PHP 8.1, and PHP 8.2, and beta compatible with PHP 8.3.

What "compatible with exceptions" means?

What "beta" means?

  • PHP 8.3
    • Deprecation notices: A deprecation notice is not an error, but rather an indicator of where additional work is needed for compatibility before PHP 9.0. With a deprecation notice, the PHP code will continue to work and nothing is broken.

WordPress 6.3

IMPORTANT: WordPress 6.3 is compatible with exceptions with PHP 8.0 and PHP 8.1, and beta compatible with PHP 8.2.

What "compatible with exceptions" means?

What "beta" means?

  • PHP 8.2
    • Deprecation notices: A deprecation notice is not an error, but rather an indicator of where additional work is needed for compatibility before PHP 9.0. With a deprecation notice, the PHP code will continue to work and nothing is broken.

WordPress 6.2

IMPORTANT: WordPress 6.2 is beta compatible with PHP 8.0, PHP 8.1 and PHP 8.2. If used some of these versions may get some Warnings.

About PHP

PHP 8.1 is maintained by the PHP Community only as Security fix only starting 2022-11-26. Keeping your PHP to the latest stable version is important for WordPress speed and security.

Versions prior to PHP 8.1 are not maintained by the PHP Community, although they may receive security updates from operating systems distributions.

End of life PHP versions:

  • PHP 8.3: 2027-12-31
  • PHP 8.2: 2026-12-31
  • PHP 8.1: 2025-12-31
  • PHP 8.0: 2023-11-26 last release: 8.0.30
  • PHP 7.4: 2022-11-28 last release: 7.4.33
  • PHP 7.3: 2021-12-06 last release: 7.3.33
  • PHP 7.2: 2020-11-30 last release: 7.2.34
  • PHP 7.1: 2019-12-01 last release: 7.1.33
  • PHP 7.0: 2019-01-10 last release: 7.0.33
  • PHP 5.6: 2018-12-31 last release: 5.6.40
  • PHP 5.5: 2016-07-21 last release: 5.5.38
  • PHP 5.4: 2015-09-03 last release: 5.4.45
  • PHP 5.3: 2014-08-14 last release: 5.3.29
  • PHP 5.2: 2011-01-06 last release: 5.2.17
  • PHP 5.1: 2006-08-24 last release: 5.1.6
  • PHP 5.0: 2005-09-05 last release: 5.0.5
  • PHP 4.4: 2008-08-07 last release: 4.4.9
  • PHP 4.3: 2005-03-31 last release: 4.3.11
  • PHP 4.2: 2002-09-06 last release: 4.2.3
  • PHP 4.1: 2002-03-12 last release: 4.1.2
  • PHP 4.0: 2001-06-23 last release: 4.0.6

PHP Extensions

WordPress core makes use of various PHP extensions when they're available. If the preferred extension is missing WordPress will either have to do more work to do the task the module helps with or, in the worst case, will remove functionality. All the extensions are for installations with PHP >= 7.4.

The PHP extensions listed below are required for a WordPress site to work.

  • json (bundled in >=8.0.0) - Used for communications with other servers and processing data in JSON format.
  • One of either mysqli (bundled in >=5.0.0), or mysqlnd - Connects to MySQL for database interactions.

The PHP extensions listed below are highly recommended in order to allow WordPress to operate optimally and to maximise compatibility with many popular plugins and themes.

  • curl (PHP >= 7.3 requires libcurl >= 7.15.5; PHP >= 8.0 requires libcurl >= 7.29.0 ; PHP >= 8.4 requires libcurl >= 7.61.0) - Performs remote request operations.
  • dom (requires libxml) - Used to validate Text Widget content and to automatically configure IIS7+.
  • exif (requires php-mbstring) - Works with metadata stored in images.
  • fileinfo (bundled in PHP) - Used to detect mimetype of file uploads.
  • hash (bundled in PHP >=5.1.2) - Used for hashing, including passwords and update packages.
  • igbinary - Increases performance as a drop in replacement for the standard PHP serializer.
  • imagick (requires ImageMagick >= 6.2.4) - Provides better image quality for media uploads. See WP_Image_Editor for details. Smarter image resizing (for smaller images) and PDF thumbnail support, when Ghost Script is also available.
  • intl (PHP >= 7.4.0 requires ICU >= 50.1) - Enable to perform locale-aware operations including but not limited to formatting, transliteration, encoding conversion, calendar operations, conformant collation, locating text boundaries and working with locale identifiers, timezones and graphemes.
  • mbstring - Used to properly handle UTF8 text.
  • openssl (PHP 7.1-8.0 requires OpenSSL >= 1.0.1 / < 3.0; PHP >= 8.1 requires OpenSSL >= 1.0.2 / < 4.0; PHP >= 8.4 requires OpenSSL >= 1.1.1 / < 4.0) - SSL-based connections to other hosts.
  • pcre (bundled in PHP >= 7.0 recommended PCRE 8.10) - Increases performance of pattern matching in code searches.
  • xml (requires libxml) - Used for XML parsing, such as from a third-party site.
  • zip (requires libzip >= 0.11; recommended libzip >= 1.6) - Used for decompressing Plugins, Themes, and WordPress update packages.

The PHP extensions listed below are recommended to allow some WordPress cache (if necessary). APCu, Memcached, and Redis are alternatives of which only one needs to be used.

  • apcu – In-memory key-value store for PHP (former APC stripped of opcode caching).
  • memcached (requires libmemcached >= 1.0.0) - memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load.
  • opcache - PHP can be configured to preload scripts into the opcache when the engine starts.
  • redis - PHP extension for interfacing with Redis.

The PHP extensions listed below are optional to imrpove some WordPress functionality.

  • timezonedb - Timezone Database to be used with PHP's date and time functions

For the sake of completeness, below is a list of the remaining PHP modules WordPress may use in certain situations or if other modules are unavailable. These are fallbacks or optional and not necessarily needed in an optimal environment, but installing them won't hurt.

  • bc - For arbitrary precision mathematics, which supports numbers of any size and precision up to 2147483647 decimal digits.
  • filter - Used for securely filtering user input.
  • image (requires libgd >= 2.1.0; requires zlib >= 1.2.0.4; optional freetype2) - If Imagick isn't installed, the GD Graphics Library is used as a functionally limited fallback for image manipulation.
  • iconv (requires libiconv/POSIX) - Used to convert between character sets.
  • shmop - Shmop is an easy to use set of functions that allows PHP to read, write, create and delete Unix shared memory segments.
  • simplexml (requires libxml) - Used for XML parsing.
  • sodium - (bundled in PHP >=7.2.0; requires libsodium >= 1.0.8) - Validates Signatures and provides securely random bytes.
  • xmlreader (requires libxml) - Used for XML parsing.
  • zlib (requires zlib >= 1.2.0.4) - Gzip compression and decompression.

These extensions are used for file changes, such as updates and plugin/theme installation, when files aren't writeable on the server.

  • ssh2 (requires OpenSSL and libssh >= 1.2; recommended libssh >= 1.2.9) - Provide access to resources (shell, remote exec, tunneling, file transfer) on a remote machine using a secure cryptographic transport.
  • ftp - Implement client access to files servers speaking the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
  • sockets - Implements a low-level interface to the socket communication functions based on the popular BSD sockets.

The priority of the transports are Direct file IO, SSH2, FTP PHP Extension, FTP implemented with Sockets, and FTP implemented through PHP alone.

System Packages

Database

For data storage, WordPress uses systems compatible with MySQL.

Officially recommended by WordPress are:

End of life MySQL versions:

  • MySQL 8.4: 2032-04-30
  • MySQL 8.3: n/d
  • MySQL 8.2: n/d
  • MySQL 8.1: 2023-10-25 last release: 8.1.0
  • MySQL 8.0: 2026-04-30
  • MySQL 5.7: 2023-10-31 last release: 5.7.44
  • MySQL 5.6: 2021-02-28 last release: 5.6.51
  • MySQL 5.5: 2018-12-31 last release: 5.5.63

End of life mariaDB versions:

  • MariaDB 11.4: 2029-05-29
  • MariaDB 11.3: 2024-05-29 last release: 11.3.2
  • MariaDB 11.2: 2024-11-21 last release: 11.2.4
  • MariaDB 11.1: 2024-08-21
  • MariaDB 11.0: 2024-06-07 last release: 11.0.6
  • MariaDB 10.11: 2028-02-16
  • MariaDB 10.10: 2023-11-17 last release: 10.10.7
  • MariaDB 10.9: 2023-08-22 last release: 10.9.8
  • MariaDB 10.8: 2023-05-20 last release: 10.8.8
  • MariaDB 10.7: 2023-02-09 last release: 10.7.8
  • MariaDB 10.6: 2026-07-06
  • MariaDB 10.5: 2025-06-24
  • MariaDB 10.4: 2024-06-18 last release: 10.4.34
  • MariaDB 10.3: 2023-05-25 last release: 10.3.39
  • MariaDB 10.2: 2022-05-22 last release: 10.2.44
  • MariaDB 10.1: 2020-10-17 last release: 10.1.48
  • MariaDB 10.0: 2019-03-31 last release: 10.0.38
  • MariaDB 5.5: 2020-04-11 last release: 5.5.68

Other MySQL servers that are known to perform well are:

Although WordPress may run on older versions, it is recommended to use these or newer ones for security and performance reasons.

How do I know which version I have?

If you have WordPress 5.2+, the WordPress Admin already has tools with that information in the Site Health section (at Tools in the menu).

If you have an older version, you can activate the Site Health section installing the WordPress Community Plugin called Health Check & Troubleshooting (more help for this plugin).

[info]If you’re interested in improving this handbook, check the Github Handbook repo, or leave a message in the #hosting channel of the official WordPress Slack.[/info]

Changelog

  • 2024-09-17: Added minimum version of curl and openssl for PHP 8.4 extension.
  • 2024-07-04: Up-to-date for WordPress 6.6 compatibility.
  • 2024-04-06: Up-to-date for WordPress 6.5 compatibility.
  • 2023-11-11: Up-to-date. Added some EOL for databases and PHP. WordPress 6.4 compatibility. Added more information about system packages.
  • 2023-10-04: Up-to-date. Added some EOL for databases and PHP. Explanation about BETA and EXCEPTIONS for WordPress 6.3.
  • 2023-09-07: Added shmop PHP extension.
  • 2023-08-02: Updated for WordPress 6.3 and up-to-date everything.
  • 2023-06-08: Added PHP igbinary extension.
  • 2023-05-27: Updated PHP extensions requirements and cache extensions.
  • 2023-04-19: MariaDB fixed with LTS versions
  • 2023-02-17: Updated LiteSpeed Web Server. Updates for WordPress 6.2 beta and PHP >= 7.4.
  • 2022-11-16: Updated WordPress 6.0 / WordPress 6.1, PHP compatibility information and other versions
  • 2022-06-22: Added PHP extensions requirements and cache extensions
  • 2022-06-06: Delete MariaDB 10.2
  • 2022-05-13: Update for WordPress 6.0 and stable software versions; updated deprecated PHP versions and extensions
  • 2021-05-27: Fixing infoboxes
  • 2021-05-07: Updated versions and extensions. PHP 7.3 bump based on Trac
  • 2021-05-05: Updated the imagick (WP_Image_Editor) link
  • 2021-05-05: Updated versions (webserver, PHP, SQL)
  • 2021-02-17: Changelog added
  • 2020-11-23: Minor text changes and info-block
  • 2020-07-16: Updated webserver versions and vendors. Updated PHP versions. Updated SQL versions and vendors. Added: How do I know which version I have?. Updated libsodium to sodium
  • 2020-06-02: Published from Github