diff --git a/src/vonage/account.py b/src/vonage/account.py
index 4185decd..32968dcc 100644
--- a/src/vonage/account.py
+++ b/src/vonage/account.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from .errors import PricingTypeError
 
 from deprecated import deprecated
+
+
 class Account:
     account_auth_type = 'params'
     pricing_auth_type = 'params'
@@ -12,13 +14,15 @@ def __init__(self, client):
         self._client = client
 
     def get_balance(self):
-        return self._client.get(self._client.host(), "/account/get-balance", auth_type=Account.account_auth_type)
+        return self._client.get(
+            self._client.host(), "/account/get-balance", auth_type=Account.account_auth_type
+        )
 
     def topup(self, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.post(
-            self._client.host(), 
+            self._client.host(),
             "/account/top-up",
-            params or kwargs, 
+            params or kwargs,
             auth_type=Account.account_auth_type,
             body_is_json=False,
         )
@@ -26,22 +30,24 @@ def topup(self, params=None, **kwargs):
     def get_country_pricing(self, country_code: str, type: str = 'sms'):
         self._check_allowed_pricing_type(type)
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.host(), 
-            f"/account/get-pricing/outbound/{type}", 
+            self._client.host(),
+            f"/account/get-pricing/outbound/{type}",
             {"country": country_code},
-            auth_type=Account.pricing_auth_type
+            auth_type=Account.pricing_auth_type,
         )
 
     def get_all_countries_pricing(self, type: str = 'sms'):
         self._check_allowed_pricing_type(type)
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.host(), f"/account/get-full-pricing/outbound/{type}", auth_type=Account.pricing_auth_type
+            self._client.host(),
+            f"/account/get-full-pricing/outbound/{type}",
+            auth_type=Account.pricing_auth_type,
         )
 
     def get_prefix_pricing(self, prefix: str, type: str = 'sms'):
         self._check_allowed_pricing_type(type)
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.host(), 
+            self._client.host(),
             f"/account/get-prefix-pricing/outbound/{type}",
             {"prefix": prefix},
             auth_type=Account.pricing_auth_type,
@@ -50,8 +56,8 @@ def get_prefix_pricing(self, prefix: str, type: str = 'sms'):
     @deprecated(version='3.0.0', reason='The "account/get-phone-pricing" endpoint is deprecated.')
     def get_sms_pricing(self, number: str):
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.host(), 
-            "/account/get-phone-pricing/outbound/sms", 
+            self._client.host(),
+            "/account/get-phone-pricing/outbound/sms",
             {"phone": number},
             auth_type=Account.pricing_auth_type,
         )
@@ -59,16 +65,16 @@ def get_sms_pricing(self, number: str):
     @deprecated(version='3.0.0', reason='The "account/get-phone-pricing" endpoint is deprecated.')
     def get_voice_pricing(self, number: str):
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.host(), 
-            "/account/get-phone-pricing/outbound/voice", 
+            self._client.host(),
+            "/account/get-phone-pricing/outbound/voice",
             {"phone": number},
             auth_type=Account.pricing_auth_type,
         )
 
     def update_default_sms_webhook(self, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.post(
-            self._client.host(), 
-            "/account/settings", 
+            self._client.host(),
+            "/account/settings",
             params or kwargs,
             auth_type=Account.account_auth_type,
             body_is_json=False,
@@ -91,7 +97,7 @@ def get_secret(self, api_key, secret_id):
     def create_secret(self, api_key, secret):
         body = {"secret": secret}
         return self._client.post(
-            self._client.api_host(), 
+            self._client.api_host(),
             f"/accounts/{api_key}/secrets",
             body,
             auth_type=Account.secrets_auth_type,
diff --git a/src/vonage/application.py b/src/vonage/application.py
index 68997e25..c5398a76 100644
--- a/src/vonage/application.py
+++ b/src/vonage/application.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 from deprecated import deprecated
 
-@deprecated(version='3.0.0', reason='Renamed to Application as V1 is out of support and this new \
-    naming is in line with other APIs. Please use Application instead.')
+
+@deprecated(
+    version='3.0.0',
+    reason='Renamed to Application as V1 is out of support and this new \
+    naming is in line with other APIs. Please use Application instead.',
+)
 class ApplicationV2:
     auth_type = 'header'
 
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@ def list_applications(self, page_size=None, page=None):
             auth_type=ApplicationV2.auth_type,
         )
 
+
 class Application:
     auth_type = 'header'
 
diff --git a/src/vonage/ncco_builder/ncco.py b/src/vonage/ncco_builder/ncco.py
index 2a5698e9..de630129 100644
--- a/src/vonage/ncco_builder/ncco.py
+++ b/src/vonage/ncco_builder/ncco.py
@@ -107,9 +107,13 @@ def ensure_url_in_list(cls, v):
         @validator('advancedMachineDetection')
         def validate_advancedMachineDetection(cls, v):
             if 'behavior' in v and v['behavior'] not in ('continue', 'hangup'):
-                raise ValueError('advancedMachineDetection["behavior"] must be one of: "continue", "hangup".')
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'advancedMachineDetection["behavior"] must be one of: "continue", "hangup".'
+                )
             if 'mode' in v and v['mode'] not in ('detect, detect_beep'):
-                raise ValueError('advancedMachineDetection["mode"] must be one of: "detect", "detect_beep".')
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'advancedMachineDetection["mode"] must be one of: "detect", "detect_beep".'
+                )
             return v
 
         class Config:
@@ -145,7 +149,10 @@ class Input(Action):
 
         action = Field('input', const=True)
         type: Union[
-            Literal['dtmf', 'speech'], List[Literal['dtmf']], List[Literal['speech']], List[Literal['dtmf', 'speech']]
+            Literal['dtmf', 'speech'],
+            List[Literal['dtmf']],
+            List[Literal['speech']],
+            List[Literal['dtmf', 'speech']],
         ]
         dtmf: Optional[Union[InputTypes.Dtmf, dict]]
         speech: Optional[Union[InputTypes.Speech, dict]]
diff --git a/src/vonage/ncco_builder/pay_prompts.py b/src/vonage/ncco_builder/pay_prompts.py
index 4463a7f8..11ecb404 100644
--- a/src/vonage/ncco_builder/pay_prompts.py
+++ b/src/vonage/ncco_builder/pay_prompts.py
@@ -12,7 +12,13 @@ class TextPrompt(BaseModel):
         type: Literal['CardNumber', 'ExpirationDate', 'SecurityCode']
         text: str
         errors: Dict[
-            Literal['InvalidCardType', 'InvalidCardNumber', 'InvalidExpirationDate', 'InvalidSecurityCode', 'Timeout'],
+            Literal[
+                'InvalidCardType',
+                'InvalidCardNumber',
+                'InvalidExpirationDate',
+                'InvalidSecurityCode',
+                'Timeout',
+            ],
             Dict[Literal['text'], str],
         ]
 
@@ -32,7 +38,9 @@ def check_valid_error_format(cls, v, values):
         def check_allowed_values(errors, allowed_values, prompt_type):
             for key in errors:
                 if key not in allowed_values:
-                    raise ValueError(f'Value "{key}" is not a valid error for the "{prompt_type}" prompt type.')
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f'Value "{key}" is not a valid error for the "{prompt_type}" prompt type.'
+                    )
 
     @classmethod
     def create_voice_model(cls, dict) -> VoicePrompt:
diff --git a/src/vonage/number_insight.py b/src/vonage/number_insight.py
index b63dde13..2b57dfb3 100644
--- a/src/vonage/number_insight.py
+++ b/src/vonage/number_insight.py
@@ -1,28 +1,48 @@
 from .errors import CallbackRequiredError
 
+
 class NumberInsight:
     auth_type = 'params'
-    
+
     def __init__(self, client):
         self._client = client
 
     def get_basic_number_insight(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.get(self._client.api_host(), "/ni/basic/json", params or kwargs, auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type)
+        return self._client.get(
+            self._client.api_host(),
+            "/ni/basic/json",
+            params or kwargs,
+            auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type,
+        )
 
     def get_standard_number_insight(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.get(self._client.api_host(), "/ni/standard/json", params or kwargs, auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type)
+        return self._client.get(
+            self._client.api_host(),
+            "/ni/standard/json",
+            params or kwargs,
+            auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type,
+        )
 
     def get_advanced_number_insight(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.get(self._client.api_host(), "/ni/advanced/json", params or kwargs, auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type)
+        return self._client.get(
+            self._client.api_host(),
+            "/ni/advanced/json",
+            params or kwargs,
+            auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type,
+        )
 
     def get_async_advanced_number_insight(self, params=None, **kwargs):
         argoparams = params or kwargs
-        if "callback" in argoparams and type(argoparams["callback"]) == str and argoparams["callback"] != "":
+        if (
+            "callback" in argoparams
+            and type(argoparams["callback"]) == str
+            and argoparams["callback"] != ""
+        ):
             return self._client.get(
-                self._client.api_host(), "/ni/advanced/async/json", params or kwargs, auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type
+                self._client.api_host(),
+                "/ni/advanced/async/json",
+                params or kwargs,
+                auth_type=NumberInsight.auth_type,
             )
         else:
-            raise CallbackRequiredError(
-                "A callback is needed for async advanced number insight"
-            )
-    
\ No newline at end of file
+            raise CallbackRequiredError("A callback is needed for async advanced number insight")
diff --git a/src/vonage/number_management.py b/src/vonage/number_management.py
index 65f04ae3..41645372 100644
--- a/src/vonage/number_management.py
+++ b/src/vonage/number_management.py
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ def __init__(self, client):
         self._client = client
 
     def get_account_numbers(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.get(self._client.host(), "/account/numbers", params or kwargs, auth_type=Numbers.auth_type)
+        return self._client.get(
+            self._client.host(), "/account/numbers", params or kwargs, auth_type=Numbers.auth_type
+        )
 
     def get_available_numbers(self, country_code, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.get(
@@ -17,10 +19,16 @@ def get_available_numbers(self, country_code, params=None, **kwargs):
         )
 
     def buy_number(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/number/buy", params or kwargs, **Numbers.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/number/buy", params or kwargs, **Numbers.defaults
+        )
 
     def cancel_number(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/number/cancel", params or kwargs, **Numbers.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/number/cancel", params or kwargs, **Numbers.defaults
+        )
 
     def update_number(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/number/update", params or kwargs, **Numbers.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/number/update", params or kwargs, **Numbers.defaults
+        )
diff --git a/src/vonage/redact.py b/src/vonage/redact.py
index 1e1fb5f4..c1ec18f5 100644
--- a/src/vonage/redact.py
+++ b/src/vonage/redact.py
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 
 from deprecated import deprecated
 
-@deprecated(version='3.0.0', reason='This is a dev preview product and as such is not supported in this SDK.')
+
+@deprecated(
+    version='3.0.0',
+    reason='This is a dev preview product and as such is not supported in this SDK.',
+)
 class Redact:
     auth_type = 'header'
 
@@ -16,10 +20,12 @@ def redact_transaction(self, id: str, product: str, type=None):
         params = {"id": id, "product": product}
         if type is not None:
             params["type"] = type
-        return self._client.post(self._client.api_host(), "/v1/redact/transaction", params, auth_type=Redact.auth_type)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.api_host(), "/v1/redact/transaction", params, auth_type=Redact.auth_type
+        )
 
     def _check_allowed_product_name(self, product):
         if product not in self.allowed_product_names:
             raise RedactError(
                 f'Invalid product name in redact request. Must be one of {self.allowed_product_names}.'
-            )
\ No newline at end of file
+            )
diff --git a/src/vonage/short_codes.py b/src/vonage/short_codes.py
index 43464b6b..03150804 100644
--- a/src/vonage/short_codes.py
+++ b/src/vonage/short_codes.py
@@ -6,18 +6,29 @@ def __init__(self, client):
         self._client = client
 
     def send_2fa_message(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/sc/us/2fa/json", params or kwargs, **ShortCodes.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/sc/us/2fa/json", params or kwargs, **ShortCodes.defaults
+        )
 
     def send_event_alert_message(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/sc/us/alert/json", params or kwargs, **ShortCodes.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/sc/us/alert/json", params or kwargs, **ShortCodes.defaults
+        )
 
     def send_marketing_message(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/sc/us/marketing/json", params or kwargs, **ShortCodes.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/sc/us/marketing/json", params or kwargs, **ShortCodes.defaults
+        )
 
     def get_event_alert_numbers(self):
-        return self._client.get(self._client.host(), "/sc/us/alert/opt-in/query/json", auth_type=ShortCodes.auth_type)
+        return self._client.get(
+            self._client.host(), "/sc/us/alert/opt-in/query/json", auth_type=ShortCodes.auth_type
+        )
 
     def resubscribe_event_alert_number(self, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.post(
-            self._client.host(), "/sc/us/alert/opt-in/manage/json", params or kwargs, **ShortCodes.defaults)
-    
\ No newline at end of file
+            self._client.host(),
+            "/sc/us/alert/opt-in/manage/json",
+            params or kwargs,
+            **ShortCodes.defaults,
+        )
diff --git a/src/vonage/sms.py b/src/vonage/sms.py
index ab676fc2..1eee72ac 100644
--- a/src/vonage/sms.py
+++ b/src/vonage/sms.py
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from ._internal import _format_date_param
 
+
 class Sms:
     defaults = {'auth_type': 'params', 'body_is_json': False}
 
     def __init__(self, client):
         self._client = client
-    
+
     def send_message(self, params):
         """
         Send an SMS message.
@@ -15,13 +16,13 @@ def send_message(self, params):
         :param dict params: A dict of values described at `Send an SMS <https://developer.vonage.com/api/sms#send-an-sms>`_
         """
         return self._client.post(
-            self._client.host(), 
-            "/sms/json", 
-            params, 
+            self._client.host(),
+            "/sms/json",
+            params,
             supports_signature_auth=True,
             **Sms.defaults,
         )
-    
+
     def submit_sms_conversion(self, message_id, delivered=True, timestamp=None):
         """
         Notify Vonage that an SMS was successfully received.
@@ -37,8 +38,10 @@ def submit_sms_conversion(self, message_id, delivered=True, timestamp=None):
         params = {
             "message-id": message_id,
             "delivered": delivered,
-            "timestamp": timestamp or datetime.now(pytz.utc)
+            "timestamp": timestamp or datetime.now(pytz.utc),
         }
         # Ensure timestamp is a string:
         _format_date_param(params, "timestamp")
-        return self._client.post(self._client.api_host(), "/conversions/sms", params, **Sms.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.api_host(), "/conversions/sms", params, **Sms.defaults
+        )
diff --git a/src/vonage/ussd.py b/src/vonage/ussd.py
index addde45e..98ade213 100644
--- a/src/vonage/ussd.py
+++ b/src/vonage/ussd.py
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 class Ussd:
     defaults = {'auth_type': 'params', 'body_is_json': False}
-    
+
     def __init__(self, client):
         self._client = client
 
     def send_ussd_push_message(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/ussd/json", params or kwargs, **Ussd.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/ussd/json", params or kwargs, **Ussd.defaults
+        )
 
     def send_ussd_prompt_message(self, params=None, **kwargs):
-        return self._client.post(self._client.host(), "/ussd-prompt/json", params or kwargs, **Ussd.defaults)
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.host(), "/ussd-prompt/json", params or kwargs, **Ussd.defaults
+        )
diff --git a/src/vonage/verify.py b/src/vonage/verify.py
index 76d5d05e..1c7168b7 100644
--- a/src/vonage/verify.py
+++ b/src/vonage/verify.py
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ def check(self, request_id, params=None, **kwargs):
 
     def search(self, request_id):
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.api_host(), "/verify/search/json", {"request_id": request_id}, auth_type=Verify.auth_type
+            self._client.api_host(),
+            "/verify/search/json",
+            {"request_id": request_id},
+            auth_type=Verify.auth_type,
         )
 
     def cancel(self, request_id):
diff --git a/src/vonage/voice.py b/src/vonage/voice.py
index e138f3b3..74a9f2b5 100644
--- a/src/vonage/voice.py
+++ b/src/vonage/voice.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
+
 class Voice:
     auth_type = 'jwt'
 
@@ -9,13 +10,13 @@ def __init__(self, client):
     # Creates a new call session
     def create_call(self, params, **kwargs):
         """
-            Adding Random From Number Feature for the Voice API, 
-            if set to `True`, the from number will be randomly selected 
-            from the pool of numbers available to the application making 
-            the call.
+        Adding Random From Number Feature for the Voice API,
+        if set to `True`, the from number will be randomly selected
+        from the pool of numbers available to the application making
+        the call.
+
+        :param params is a dictionary that holds the 'from' and 'random_from_number'
 
-            :param params is a dictionary that holds the 'from' and 'random_from_number'
-            
         """
         if not params:
             params = kwargs
@@ -24,74 +25,68 @@ def create_call(self, params, **kwargs):
             if key not in params:
                 params['random_from_number'] = True
 
+        return self._client.post(
+            self._client.api_host(), "/v1/calls", params or kwargs, auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+        )
 
-        return self._client.post(self._client.api_host(), "/v1/calls", params or kwargs, auth_type=Voice.auth_type)
-    
     # Get call history paginated. Pass start and end dates to filter the retrieved information
     def get_calls(self, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.api_host(),
-            "/v1/calls",
-            params or kwargs,
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+            self._client.api_host(), "/v1/calls", params or kwargs, auth_type=Voice.auth_type
         )
-    
+
     # Get a single call record by identifier
     def get_call(self, uuid):
         return self._client.get(
-            self._client.api_host(), 
-            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}",
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+            self._client.api_host(), f"/v1/calls/{uuid}", auth_type=Voice.auth_type
         )
-    
+
     # Update call data using custom ncco
     def update_call(self, uuid, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.put(
             self._client.api_host(),
-            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}", 
-            params or kwargs, 
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}",
+            params or kwargs,
+            auth_type=Voice.auth_type,
         )
-    
+
     # Plays audio streaming into call in progress - stream_url parameter is required
     def send_audio(self, uuid, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.put(
             self._client.api_host(),
-            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/stream", 
+            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/stream",
             params or kwargs,
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+            auth_type=Voice.auth_type,
         )
-    
+
     # Play an speech into specified call - text parameter (text to speech) is required
     def send_speech(self, uuid, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.put(
             self._client.api_host(),
-            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/talk", 
+            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/talk",
             params or kwargs,
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+            auth_type=Voice.auth_type,
         )
-    
+
     # plays DTMF tones into the specified call
     def send_dtmf(self, uuid, params=None, **kwargs):
         return self._client.put(
             self._client.api_host(),
-            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/dtmf", 
+            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/dtmf",
             params or kwargs,
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+            auth_type=Voice.auth_type,
         )
-    
+
     # Stops audio recently played into specified call
     def stop_audio(self, uuid):
-        return self._client.delete(self._client.api_host(),
-            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/stream", 
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+        return self._client.delete(
+            self._client.api_host(), f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/stream", auth_type=Voice.auth_type
         )
-    
+
     # Stop a speech recently played into specified call
     def stop_speech(self, uuid):
-        return self._client.delete(self._client.api_host(),
-            f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/talk", 
-            auth_type=Voice.auth_type
+        return self._client.delete(
+            self._client.api_host(), f"/v1/calls/{uuid}/talk", auth_type=Voice.auth_type
         )
 
     def get_recording(self, url):
diff --git a/tests/test_account.py b/tests/test_account.py
index 191d9357..142bbbcf 100644
--- a/tests/test_account.py
+++ b/tests/test_account.py
@@ -70,9 +70,7 @@ def test_get_sms_pricing(account, dummy_data):
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_get_voice_pricing(account, dummy_data):
-    stub(
-        responses.GET, "https://rest.nexmo.com/account/get-phone-pricing/outbound/voice"
-    )
+    stub(responses.GET, "https://rest.nexmo.com/account/get-phone-pricing/outbound/voice")
 
     assert isinstance(account.get_voice_pricing("447525856424"), dict)
     assert request_user_agent() == dummy_data.user_agent
@@ -132,7 +130,8 @@ def test_list_secrets_missing(account):
         account.list_secrets("myaccountid")
     assert_basic_auth()
     assert (
-        str(ce.value) == """Invalid API Key: API key 'ABC123' does not exist, or you do not have access (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors#invalid-api-key)"""
+        str(ce.value)
+        == """Invalid API Key: API key 'ABC123' does not exist, or you do not have access (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors#invalid-api-key)"""
     )
 
 
@@ -175,7 +174,8 @@ def test_create_secret_max_secrets(account):
         account.create_secret("meaccountid", "mahsecret")
     assert_basic_auth()
     assert (
-        str(ce.value) == """Maxmimum number of secrets already met: This account has reached maximum number of '2' allowed secrets (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors/account/secret-management#maximum-secrets-allowed)"""
+        str(ce.value)
+        == """Maxmimum number of secrets already met: This account has reached maximum number of '2' allowed secrets (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors/account/secret-management#maximum-secrets-allowed)"""
     )
 
 
@@ -192,15 +192,14 @@ def test_create_secret_validation(account):
         account.create_secret("meaccountid", "mahsecret")
     assert_basic_auth()
     assert (
-        str(ce.value) == """Bad Request: The request failed due to validation errors (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors/account/secret-management#validation)"""
+        str(ce.value)
+        == """Bad Request: The request failed due to validation errors (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors/account/secret-management#validation)"""
     )
 
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_delete_secret(account):
-    stub(
-        responses.DELETE, "https://api.nexmo.com/accounts/meaccountid/secrets/mahsecret"
-    )
+    stub(responses.DELETE, "https://api.nexmo.com/accounts/meaccountid/secrets/mahsecret")
 
     account.revoke_secret("meaccountid", "mahsecret")
     assert_basic_auth()
@@ -218,5 +217,6 @@ def test_delete_secret_last_secret(account):
         account.revoke_secret("meaccountid", "mahsecret")
     assert_basic_auth()
     assert (
-        str(ce.value) == """Secret Deletion Forbidden: Can not delete the last secret. The account must always have at least 1 secret active at any time (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors/account/secret-management#delete-last-secret)"""
+        str(ce.value)
+        == """Secret Deletion Forbidden: Can not delete the last secret. The account must always have at least 1 secret active at any time (https://developer.nexmo.com/api-errors/account/secret-management#delete-last-secret)"""
     )
diff --git a/tests/test_application.py b/tests/test_application.py
index 7fe168be..101f0513 100644
--- a/tests/test_application.py
+++ b/tests/test_application.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 import vonage
 
+
 @responses.activate
 def test_deprecated_list_applications(application_v2, dummy_data):
     stub(
@@ -112,9 +113,7 @@ def test_deprecated_client_error(application_v2):
     )
     with pytest.raises(vonage.ClientError) as exc_info:
         application_v2.delete_application("xx-xx-xx-xx")
-    assert (
-        str(exc_info.value) == "Nope: You really shouldn't have done that (nope_error)"
-    )
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == "Nope: You really shouldn't have done that (nope_error)"
 
 
 @responses.activate
@@ -141,7 +140,6 @@ def test_deprecated_server_error(application_v2):
         application_v2.delete_application("xx-xx-xx-xx")
 
 
-
 @responses.activate
 def test_list_applications(client, dummy_data):
     stub(
@@ -251,9 +249,7 @@ def test_client_error(client):
     )
     with pytest.raises(vonage.ClientError) as exc_info:
         client.application.delete_application("xx-xx-xx-xx")
-    assert (
-        str(exc_info.value) == "Nope: You really shouldn't have done that (nope_error)"
-    )
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == "Nope: You really shouldn't have done that (nope_error)"
 
 
 @responses.activate
diff --git a/tests/test_client.py b/tests/test_client.py
index bdedbf62..cb73ea44 100644
--- a/tests/test_client.py
+++ b/tests/test_client.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ def test_invalid_auth_type_raises_error(client):
     with pytest.raises(InvalidAuthenticationTypeError):
         client.get(client.host(), 'my/request/uri', auth_type='magic')
 
+
 @responses.activate
 def test_timeout_is_set_on_client_calls(dummy_data):
     stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/v1/calls")
diff --git a/tests/test_getters_setters.py b/tests/test_getters_setters.py
index f1edfe3e..d11caa3b 100644
--- a/tests/test_getters_setters.py
+++ b/tests/test_getters_setters.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ def test_getters(client, dummy_data):
     assert client.host() == dummy_data.host
     assert client.api_host() == dummy_data.api_host
 
+
 def test_setters(client, dummy_data):
     try:
         client.host('host.vonage.com')
diff --git a/tests/test_jwt.py b/tests/test_jwt.py
index d1c34451..fc51336d 100644
--- a/tests/test_jwt.py
+++ b/tests/test_jwt.py
@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ def test_create_jwt_auth_string(client):
 
 def test_create_jwt_error_no_application_id_or_private_key():
     empty_client = Client()
-    
+
     with raises(ClientError) as err:
         empty_client._generate_application_jwt()
-    assert str(err.value) == 'JWT generation failed. Check that you passed in valid values for "application_id" and "private_key".'
+    assert (
+        str(err.value)
+        == 'JWT generation failed. Check that you passed in valid values for "application_id" and "private_key".'
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_messages_send_message.py b/tests/test_messages_send_message.py
index a993eaa2..242ccbc7 100644
--- a/tests/test_messages_send_message.py
+++ b/tests/test_messages_send_message.py
@@ -36,4 +36,7 @@ def test_send_whatsapp_image_with_messages_api(messages, dummy_data):
     assert request_user_agent() == dummy_data.user_agent
     assert b'"from": "440123456789"' in request_body()
     assert b'"to": "447123456789"' in request_body()
-    assert b'"image": {"url": "https://example.com/image.jpg", "caption": "fake test image"}' in request_body()
+    assert (
+        b'"image": {"url": "https://example.com/image.jpg", "caption": "fake test image"}'
+        in request_body()
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_messages_validate_input.py b/tests/test_messages_validate_input.py
index 9b346fd0..6ee2810d 100644
--- a/tests/test_messages_validate_input.py
+++ b/tests/test_messages_validate_input.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 def test_invalid_send_message_params_object(messages):
     with pytest.raises(MessagesError) as err:
         messages.send_message('hi')
-    assert str(err.value) == 'Parameters to the send_message method must be specified as a dictionary.'
+    assert (
+        str(err.value) == 'Parameters to the send_message method must be specified as a dictionary.'
+    )
 
 
 def test_invalid_message_channel(messages):
@@ -25,7 +27,13 @@ def test_invalid_message_channel(messages):
 def test_invalid_message_type(messages):
     with pytest.raises(MessagesError) as err:
         messages.send_message(
-            {'channel': 'sms', 'message_type': 'video', 'to': '12345678', 'from': 'vonage', 'video': 'my_url.com'}
+            {
+                'channel': 'sms',
+                'message_type': 'video',
+                'to': '12345678',
+                'from': 'vonage',
+                'video': 'my_url.com',
+            }
         )
     assert '"video" is not a valid message type for channel "sms".' in str(err.value)
 
@@ -33,7 +41,13 @@ def test_invalid_message_type(messages):
 def test_invalid_recipient_not_string(messages):
     with pytest.raises(MessagesError) as err:
         messages.send_message(
-            {'channel': 'sms', 'message_type': 'text', 'to': 12345678, 'from': 'vonage', 'text': 'my important message'}
+            {
+                'channel': 'sms',
+                'message_type': 'text',
+                'to': 12345678,
+                'from': 'vonage',
+                'text': 'my important message',
+            }
         )
     assert str(err.value) == 'Message recipient ("to=12345678") not in a valid format.'
 
@@ -55,7 +69,13 @@ def test_invalid_recipient_number(messages):
 def test_invalid_messenger_recipient(messages):
     with pytest.raises(MessagesError) as err:
         messages.send_message(
-            {'channel': 'messenger', 'message_type': 'text', 'to': '', 'from': 'vonage', 'text': 'my important message'}
+            {
+                'channel': 'messenger',
+                'message_type': 'text',
+                'to': '',
+                'from': 'vonage',
+                'text': 'my important message',
+            }
         )
     assert str(err.value) == 'Message recipient ID ("to=") not in a valid format.'
 
@@ -71,7 +91,10 @@ def test_invalid_sender(messages):
                 'text': 'my important message',
             }
         )
-    assert str(err.value) == 'Message sender ("frm=1234") set incorrectly. Set a valid name or number for the sender.'
+    assert (
+        str(err.value)
+        == 'Message sender ("frm=1234") set incorrectly. Set a valid name or number for the sender.'
+    )
 
 
 def test_set_client_ref(messages):
@@ -154,7 +177,12 @@ def test_viber_service_video(messages):
                 'caption': 'Look at this video',
                 'thumb_url': 'https://example.com/thumbnail.jpg',
             },
-            'viber_service': {'category': 'transaction', 'duration': '120', 'ttl': 30, 'type': 'string'},
+            'viber_service': {
+                'category': 'transaction',
+                'duration': '120',
+                'ttl': 30,
+                'type': 'string',
+            },
         }
     )
 
@@ -197,7 +225,10 @@ def test_viber_service_image_action_button(messages):
             'message_type': 'image',
             'to': '44123456789',
             'from': 'vonage',
-            'image': {'url': 'https://example.com/image.jpg', 'caption': 'Check out this new promotion'},
+            'image': {
+                'url': 'https://example.com/image.jpg',
+                'caption': 'Check out this new promotion',
+            },
             'viber_service': {
                 'category': 'transaction',
                 'ttl': 30,
@@ -219,7 +250,10 @@ def test_incomplete_input(messages):
                 'text': 'my important message',
             }
         )
-    assert str(err.value) == 'You must specify all required properties for message channel "viber_service".'
+    assert (
+        str(err.value)
+        == 'You must specify all required properties for message channel "viber_service".'
+    )
 
 
 def test_whatsapp_sticker_id(messages):
@@ -257,7 +291,9 @@ def test_whatsapp_sticker_invalid_input_error(messages):
                 'from': 'vonage',
             }
         )
-    assert str(err.value) == 'Must specify one, and only one, of "id" or "url" in the "sticker" field.'
+    assert (
+        str(err.value) == 'Must specify one, and only one, of "id" or "url" in the "sticker" field.'
+    )
 
 
 def test_whatsapp_sticker_exclusive_keys_error(messages):
@@ -266,9 +302,14 @@ def test_whatsapp_sticker_exclusive_keys_error(messages):
             {
                 'channel': 'whatsapp',
                 'message_type': 'sticker',
-                'sticker': {'id': '13aaecab-2485-4255-a0a7-97a2be6906b9', 'url': 'https://example.com/sticker1.webp'},
+                'sticker': {
+                    'id': '13aaecab-2485-4255-a0a7-97a2be6906b9',
+                    'url': 'https://example.com/sticker1.webp',
+                },
                 'to': '44123456789',
                 'from': 'vonage',
             }
         )
-    assert str(err.value) == 'Must specify one, and only one, of "id" or "url" in the "sticker" field.'
+    assert (
+        str(err.value) == 'Must specify one, and only one, of "id" or "url" in the "sticker" field.'
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_action_samples.py b/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_action_samples.py
index ddf73411..85a11568 100644
--- a/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_action_samples.py
+++ b/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_action_samples.py
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@
 
 input_dtmf_and_speech_full = '{"action": "input", "type": ["dtmf", "speech"], "dtmf": {"timeOut": 5, "maxDigits": 12, "submitOnHash": true}, "speech": {"uuid": "my-uuid", "endOnSilence": 2.5, "language": "en-GB", "context": ["sales", "billing"], "startTimeout": 20, "maxDuration": 30, "saveAudio": true}, "eventUrl": ["http://example.com/speech"], "eventMethod": "PUT"}'
 
-notify_basic = '{"action": "notify", "payload": {"message": "hello"}, "eventUrl": ["http://example.com"]}'
-
-notify_full = (
-    '{"action": "notify", "payload": {"message": "hello"}, "eventUrl": ["http://example.com"], "eventMethod": "POST"}'
+notify_basic = (
+    '{"action": "notify", "payload": {"message": "hello"}, "eventUrl": ["http://example.com"]}'
 )
 
+notify_full = '{"action": "notify", "payload": {"message": "hello"}, "eventUrl": ["http://example.com"], "eventMethod": "POST"}'
+
 pay_basic = '{"action": "pay", "amount": 10.0}'
 
 pay_voice_full = '{"action": "pay", "amount": 99.99, "currency": "gbp", "eventUrl": ["https://example.com/payment"], "voice": {"language": "en-GB", "style": 1}}'
diff --git a/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_builder_samples.py b/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_builder_samples.py
index 07559aef..85177fc4 100644
--- a/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_builder_samples.py
+++ b/tests/test_ncco_builder/ncco_samples/ncco_builder_samples.py
@@ -25,9 +25,13 @@
 
 talk_minimal = Ncco.Talk(text='hello')
 
-talk = Ncco.Talk(text='hello', bargeIn=True, loop=3, level=0.5, language='en-GB', style=1, premium=True)
+talk = Ncco.Talk(
+    text='hello', bargeIn=True, loop=3, level=0.5, language='en-GB', style=1, premium=True
+)
 
-stream = Ncco.Stream(streamUrl='https://example.com/stream/music.mp3', level=0.1, bargeIn=True, loop=10)
+stream = Ncco.Stream(
+    streamUrl='https://example.com/stream/music.mp3', level=0.1, bargeIn=True, loop=10
+)
 
 input = Ncco.Input(
     type=['dtmf', 'speech'],
@@ -45,7 +49,9 @@
     eventMethod='put',
 )
 
-notify = Ncco.Notify(payload={"message": "world"}, eventUrl=["http://example.com"], eventMethod='PUT')
+notify = Ncco.Notify(
+    payload={"message": "world"}, eventUrl=["http://example.com"], eventMethod='PUT'
+)
 
 pay_voice_prompt = Ncco.Pay(
     amount=99.99,
@@ -61,7 +67,11 @@
     prompts=PayPrompts.TextPrompt(
         type='CardNumber',
         text='Enter your card number.',
-        errors={'InvalidCardType': {'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'}},
+        errors={
+            'InvalidCardType': {
+                'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'
+            }
+        },
     ),
 )
 
@@ -134,7 +144,12 @@
         },
         'type': ['dtmf', 'speech'],
     },
-    {'action': 'notify', 'eventMethod': 'PUT', 'eventUrl': ['http://example.com'], 'payload': {'message': 'world'}},
+    {
+        'action': 'notify',
+        'eventMethod': 'PUT',
+        'eventUrl': ['http://example.com'],
+        'payload': {'message': 'world'},
+    },
     {
         'action': 'pay',
         'amount': 99.99,
@@ -149,7 +164,9 @@
         'eventUrl': ['https://example.com/payment'],
         'prompts': {
             'errors': {
-                'InvalidCardType': {'text': 'The card you are trying ' 'to use is not valid for ' 'this purchase.'}
+                'InvalidCardType': {
+                    'text': 'The card you are trying ' 'to use is not valid for ' 'this purchase.'
+                }
             },
             'text': 'Enter your card number.',
             'type': 'CardNumber',
diff --git a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_connect_endpoints.py b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_connect_endpoints.py
index c263d92c..44cc608a 100644
--- a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_connect_endpoints.py
+++ b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_connect_endpoints.py
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ def test_connect_all_endpoints_from_model():
     phone = ConnectEndpoints.PhoneEndpoint(
         number='447000000000',
         dtmfAnswer='1p2p3p#**903#',
-        onAnswer={"url": "https://example.com/answer", "ringbackTone": "http://example.com/ringbackTone.wav"},
+        onAnswer={
+            "url": "https://example.com/answer",
+            "ringbackTone": "http://example.com/ringbackTone.wav",
+        },
     )
     connect_phone = Ncco.Connect(endpoint=phone)
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(connect_phone)) == nas.connect_phone
@@ -24,13 +27,16 @@ def test_connect_all_endpoints_from_model():
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(connect_app)) == nas.connect_app
 
     websocket = ConnectEndpoints.WebsocketEndpoint(
-        uri='ws://example.com/socket', contentType='audio/l16;rate=8000', headers={"language": "en-GB"}
+        uri='ws://example.com/socket',
+        contentType='audio/l16;rate=8000',
+        headers={"language": "en-GB"},
     )
     connect_websocket = Ncco.Connect(endpoint=websocket)
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(connect_websocket)) == nas.connect_websocket
 
     sip = ConnectEndpoints.SipEndpoint(
-        uri='sip:rebekka@sip.mcrussell.com', headers={"location": "New York City", "occupation": "developer"}
+        uri='sip:rebekka@sip.mcrussell.com',
+        headers={"location": "New York City", "occupation": "developer"},
     )
     connect_sip = Ncco.Connect(endpoint=sip)
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(connect_sip)) == nas.connect_sip
diff --git a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_input_types.py b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_input_types.py
index f32d4016..7572ae1a 100644
--- a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_input_types.py
+++ b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_input_types.py
@@ -40,4 +40,8 @@ def test_create_speech_model_from_dict():
     speech_dict = {'uuid': 'my-uuid', 'endOnSilence': 2.5, 'maxDuration': 30}
     speech_model = InputTypes.create_speech_model(speech_dict)
     assert type(speech_model) == InputTypes.Speech
-    assert speech_model.dict(exclude_none=True) == {'uuid': 'my-uuid', 'endOnSilence': 2.5, 'maxDuration': 30}
+    assert speech_model.dict(exclude_none=True) == {
+        'uuid': 'my-uuid',
+        'endOnSilence': 2.5,
+        'maxDuration': 30,
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_ncco_actions.py b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_ncco_actions.py
index c0379e85..b7bd028a 100644
--- a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_ncco_actions.py
+++ b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_ncco_actions.py
@@ -84,7 +84,10 @@ def test_connect_phone_endpoint_from_dict():
             "type": "phone",
             "number": "447000000000",
             "dtmfAnswer": "1p2p3p#**903#",
-            "onAnswer": {"url": "https://example.com/answer", "ringbackTone": "http://example.com/ringbackTone.wav"},
+            "onAnswer": {
+                "url": "https://example.com/answer",
+                "ringbackTone": "http://example.com/ringbackTone.wav",
+            },
         }
     )
     assert type(connect) is Ncco.Connect
@@ -142,7 +145,10 @@ def test_connect_random_from_number_error():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as err:
         Ncco.Connect(endpoint=endpoint, from_='447400000000', randomFromNumber=True)
 
-    assert 'Cannot set a "from" ("from_") field and also the "randomFromNumber" = True option' in str(err.value)
+    assert (
+        'Cannot set a "from" ("from_") field and also the "randomFromNumber" = True option'
+        in str(err.value)
+    )
 
 
 def test_connect_validation_errors():
@@ -168,7 +174,9 @@ def test_talk_basic():
 
 
 def test_talk_optional_params():
-    talk = Ncco.Talk(text='hello', bargeIn=True, loop=3, level=0.5, language='en-GB', style=1, premium=True)
+    talk = Ncco.Talk(
+        text='hello', bargeIn=True, loop=3, level=0.5, language='en-GB', style=1, premium=True
+    )
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(talk)) == nas.talk_full
 
 
@@ -184,7 +192,9 @@ def test_stream_basic():
 
 
 def test_stream_full():
-    stream = Ncco.Stream(streamUrl='https://example.com/stream/music.mp3', level=0.1, bargeIn=True, loop=10)
+    stream = Ncco.Stream(
+        streamUrl='https://example.com/stream/music.mp3', level=0.1, bargeIn=True, loop=10
+    )
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(stream)) == nas.stream_full
 
 
@@ -211,7 +221,11 @@ def test_input_dtmf_and_speech_options():
         saveAudio=True,
     )
     input = Ncco.Input(
-        type=['dtmf', 'speech'], dtmf=dtmf, speech=speech, eventUrl='http://example.com/speech', eventMethod='put'
+        type=['dtmf', 'speech'],
+        dtmf=dtmf,
+        speech=speech,
+        eventUrl='http://example.com/speech',
+        eventMethod='put',
     )
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(input)) == nas.input_dtmf_and_speech_full
 
@@ -234,7 +248,9 @@ def test_notify_basic_str_in_event_url():
 
 
 def test_notify_full():
-    notify = Ncco.Notify(payload={'message': 'hello'}, eventUrl=['http://example.com'], eventMethod='POST')
+    notify = Ncco.Notify(
+        payload={'message': 'hello'}, eventUrl=['http://example.com'], eventMethod='POST'
+    )
     assert type(notify) == Ncco.Notify
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(notify)) == nas.notify_full
 
@@ -252,7 +268,9 @@ def test_pay_voice_basic():
 
 def test_pay_voice_full():
     voice_settings = PayPrompts.VoicePrompt(language='en-GB', style=1)
-    pay = Ncco.Pay(amount=99.99, currency='gbp', eventUrl='https://example.com/payment', voice=voice_settings)
+    pay = Ncco.Pay(
+        amount=99.99, currency='gbp', eventUrl='https://example.com/payment', voice=voice_settings
+    )
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(pay)) == nas.pay_voice_full
 
 
@@ -260,9 +278,15 @@ def test_pay_text():
     text_prompts = PayPrompts.TextPrompt(
         type='CardNumber',
         text='Enter your card number.',
-        errors={'InvalidCardType': {'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'}},
+        errors={
+            'InvalidCardType': {
+                'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    pay = Ncco.Pay(
+        amount=12.345, currency='gbp', eventUrl='https://example.com/payment', prompts=text_prompts
     )
-    pay = Ncco.Pay(amount=12.345, currency='gbp', eventUrl='https://example.com/payment', prompts=text_prompts)
     assert json.dumps(_action_as_dict(pay)) == nas.pay_text
 
 
@@ -270,7 +294,11 @@ def test_pay_text_multiple_prompts():
     card_prompt = PayPrompts.TextPrompt(
         type='CardNumber',
         text='Enter your card number.',
-        errors={'InvalidCardType': {'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'}},
+        errors={
+            'InvalidCardType': {
+                'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'
+            }
+        },
     )
     expiration_date_prompt = PayPrompts.TextPrompt(
         type='ExpirationDate',
diff --git a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_pay_prompts.py b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_pay_prompts.py
index c5628bd7..abb949ce 100644
--- a/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_pay_prompts.py
+++ b/tests/test_ncco_builder/test_pay_prompts.py
@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ def test_create_text_model():
     text_prompt = PayPrompts.TextPrompt(
         type='CardNumber',
         text='Enter your card number.',
-        errors={'InvalidCardType': {'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'}},
+        errors={
+            'InvalidCardType': {
+                'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'
+            }
+        },
     )
     assert type(text_prompt) == PayPrompts.TextPrompt
 
@@ -28,7 +32,11 @@ def test_create_text_model_from_dict():
     text_dict = {
         'type': 'CardNumber',
         'text': 'Enter your card number.',
-        'errors': {'InvalidCardType': {'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'}},
+        'errors': {
+            'InvalidCardType': {
+                'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'
+            }
+        },
     }
     text_prompt = PayPrompts.create_text_model(text_dict)
     assert type(text_prompt) == PayPrompts.TextPrompt
@@ -39,7 +47,9 @@ def test_error_message_not_in_subdictionary():
         PayPrompts.TextPrompt(
             type='CardNumber',
             text='Enter your card number.',
-            errors={'InvalidCardType': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'},
+            errors={
+                'InvalidCardType': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'
+            },
         )
 
 
@@ -48,7 +58,14 @@ def test_invalid_error_type_for_prompt():
         PayPrompts.TextPrompt(
             type='SecurityCode',
             text='Enter your card number.',
-            errors={'InvalidCardType': {'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'}},
+            errors={
+                'InvalidCardType': {
+                    'text': 'The card you are trying to use is not valid for this purchase.'
+                }
+            },
         )
 
-    assert 'Value "InvalidCardType" is not a valid error for the "SecurityCode" prompt type.' in str(err.value)
+    assert (
+        'Value "InvalidCardType" is not a valid error for the "SecurityCode" prompt type.'
+        in str(err.value)
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_number_insight.py b/tests/test_number_insight.py
index 75cedc88..40ab9d19 100644
--- a/tests/test_number_insight.py
+++ b/tests/test_number_insight.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ def test_get_async_advanced_number_insight(number_insight, dummy_data):
     assert "number=447525856424" in request_query()
     assert "callback=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com" in request_query()
 
+
 def test_callback_required_error_async_advanced_number_insight(number_insight, dummy_data):
     stub(responses.GET, "https://api.nexmo.com/ni/advanced/async/json")
 
diff --git a/tests/test_packages.py b/tests/test_packages.py
index d9cbceb6..49d5dbcf 100644
--- a/tests/test_packages.py
+++ b/tests/test_packages.py
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 
 def test_subdirectories_are_python_packages():
     subdirs = [
-        os.path.join('src/vonage', o) for o in os.listdir('src/vonage') if os.path.isdir(os.path.join('src/vonage', o))
+        os.path.join('src/vonage', o)
+        for o in os.listdir('src/vonage')
+        if os.path.isdir(os.path.join('src/vonage', o))
     ]
     for subdir in subdirs:
         if '__pycache__' in subdir or os.path.isfile(f'{subdir}/__init__.py'):
diff --git a/tests/test_redact.py b/tests/test_redact.py
index 834f89f6..609e5d9e 100644
--- a/tests/test_redact.py
+++ b/tests/test_redact.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ def test_redact_invalid_product_name(redact):
     with pytest.raises(RedactError):
         redact.redact_transaction(id='not-a-real-id', product='fake-product')
 
+
 @responses.activate
 def test_redact_transaction(redact, dummy_data):
     responses.add(
diff --git a/tests/test_short_codes.py b/tests/test_short_codes.py
index 1a6b04ea..212dfcf6 100644
--- a/tests/test_short_codes.py
+++ b/tests/test_short_codes.py
@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ def test_resubscribe_event_alert_number(short_codes, dummy_data):
 
     assert isinstance(short_codes.resubscribe_event_alert_number(params), dict)
     assert request_user_agent() == dummy_data.user_agent
-    assert "msisdn=441632960960" in request_body()
\ No newline at end of file
+    assert "msisdn=441632960960" in request_body()
diff --git a/tests/test_sms.py b/tests/test_sms.py
index b02a651a..cdb8cb36 100644
--- a/tests/test_sms.py
+++ b/tests/test_sms.py
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ def test_server_error(sms):
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_submit_sms_conversion(sms):
-    responses.add(
-        responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/conversions/sms", status=200, body=b"OK"
-    )
+    responses.add(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/conversions/sms", status=200, body=b"OK")
 
     sms.submit_sms_conversion("a-message-id")
     assert "message-id=a-message-id" in request_body()
diff --git a/tests/test_ussd.py b/tests/test_ussd.py
index 9eb4db00..27fb41a7 100644
--- a/tests/test_ussd.py
+++ b/tests/test_ussd.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from util import *
 
+
 @responses.activate
 def test_send_ussd_push_message(ussd, dummy_data):
     stub(responses.POST, "https://rest.nexmo.com/ussd/json")
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ def test_send_ussd_push_message(ussd, dummy_data):
     assert "to=447525856424" in request_body()
     assert "text=Hello" in request_body()
 
+
 @responses.activate
 def test_send_ussd_prompt_message(ussd, dummy_data):
     stub(responses.POST, "https://rest.nexmo.com/ussd-prompt/json")
@@ -22,4 +24,4 @@ def test_send_ussd_prompt_message(ussd, dummy_data):
     assert request_user_agent() == dummy_data.user_agent
     assert "from=long-virtual-number" in request_body()
     assert "to=447525856424" in request_body()
-    assert "text=Hello" in request_body()
\ No newline at end of file
+    assert "text=Hello" in request_body()
diff --git a/tests/test_verify.py b/tests/test_verify.py
index adb7ec27..576dbf62 100644
--- a/tests/test_verify.py
+++ b/tests/test_verify.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from util import *
 
+
 @responses.activate
 def test_start_verification(verify, dummy_data):
     stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/json")
@@ -65,8 +66,10 @@ def test_start_psd2_verification(verify, dummy_data):
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_start_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network(client, dummy_data):
-    stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/json",
-        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network.json"
+    stub(
+        responses.POST,
+        "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/json",
+        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network.json",
     )
 
     params = {"number": "447525856424", "brand": "MyApp"}
@@ -78,13 +81,18 @@ def test_start_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network(client, dummy_data):
     assert "brand=MyApp" in request_body()
     assert response["status"] == "7"
     assert response["network"] == "25503"
-    assert response["error_text"] == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    assert (
+        response["error_text"]
+        == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    )
 
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_start_verification_blacklisted_error_with_request_id(client, dummy_data):
-    stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/json",
-        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_request_id.json"
+    stub(
+        responses.POST,
+        "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/json",
+        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_request_id.json",
     )
 
     params = {"number": "447525856424", "brand": "MyApp"}
@@ -96,13 +104,18 @@ def test_start_verification_blacklisted_error_with_request_id(client, dummy_data
     assert "brand=MyApp" in request_body()
     assert response["status"] == "7"
     assert response["request_id"] == "12345678"
-    assert response["error_text"] == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    assert (
+        response["error_text"]
+        == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    )
 
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_start_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network_and_request_id(client, dummy_data):
-    stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/json",
-        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network_and_request_id.json"
+    stub(
+        responses.POST,
+        "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/json",
+        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network_and_request_id.json",
     )
 
     params = {"number": "447525856424", "brand": "MyApp"}
@@ -115,12 +128,18 @@ def test_start_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network_and_request_id(client
     assert response["status"] == "7"
     assert response["network"] == "25503"
     assert response["request_id"] == "12345678"
-    assert response["error_text"] == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    assert (
+        response["error_text"]
+        == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    )
+
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_start_psd2_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network(client, dummy_data):
-    stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/psd2/json",
-        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network.json"
+    stub(
+        responses.POST,
+        "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/psd2/json",
+        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network.json",
     )
 
     params = {"number": "447525856424", "brand": "MyApp"}
@@ -132,13 +151,18 @@ def test_start_psd2_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network(client, dummy_da
     assert "brand=MyApp" in request_body()
     assert response["status"] == "7"
     assert response["network"] == "25503"
-    assert response["error_text"] == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    assert (
+        response["error_text"]
+        == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    )
 
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_start_psd2_verification_blacklisted_error_with_request_id(client, dummy_data):
-    stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/psd2/json",
-        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_request_id.json"
+    stub(
+        responses.POST,
+        "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/psd2/json",
+        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_request_id.json",
     )
 
     params = {"number": "447525856424", "brand": "MyApp"}
@@ -150,13 +174,18 @@ def test_start_psd2_verification_blacklisted_error_with_request_id(client, dummy
     assert "brand=MyApp" in request_body()
     assert response["status"] == "7"
     assert response["request_id"] == "12345678"
-    assert response["error_text"] == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    assert (
+        response["error_text"]
+        == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    )
 
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_start_psd2_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network_and_request_id(client, dummy_data):
-    stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/psd2/json",
-        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network_and_request_id.json"
+    stub(
+        responses.POST,
+        "https://api.nexmo.com/verify/psd2/json",
+        fixture_path="verify/blocked_with_network_and_request_id.json",
     )
 
     params = {"number": "447525856424", "brand": "MyApp"}
@@ -169,4 +198,7 @@ def test_start_psd2_verification_blacklisted_error_with_network_and_request_id(c
     assert response["status"] == "7"
     assert response["network"] == "25503"
     assert response["request_id"] == "12345678"
-    assert response["error_text"] == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    assert (
+        response["error_text"]
+        == "The number you are trying to verify is blacklisted for verification"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_voice.py b/tests/test_voice.py
index 25aba2b5..a81cb847 100644
--- a/tests/test_voice.py
+++ b/tests/test_voice.py
@@ -43,7 +43,13 @@ def test_create_call_with_ncco_builder(voice, dummy_data):
     stub(responses.POST, "https://api.nexmo.com/v1/calls")
 
     talk = Ncco.Talk(
-        text='Hello from Vonage!', bargeIn=True, loop=3, level=0.5, language='en-GB', style=1, premium=True
+        text='Hello from Vonage!',
+        bargeIn=True,
+        loop=3,
+        level=0.5,
+        language='en-GB',
+        style=1,
+        premium=True,
     )
     ncco = Ncco.build_ncco(talk)
     voice.create_call(
@@ -147,7 +153,7 @@ def test_user_provided_authorization(dummy_data):
 
     nbf = int(time.time())
     exp = nbf + 3600
-    
+
     client.auth(nbf=nbf, exp=exp)
     client.voice.get_call("xx-xx-xx-xx")
 
@@ -175,7 +181,9 @@ def test_authorization_with_private_key_path(dummy_data):
     voice = vonage.Voice(client)
     voice.get_call("xx-xx-xx-xx")
 
-    token = jwt.decode(request_authorization().split()[1], dummy_data.public_key, algorithms="RS256")
+    token = jwt.decode(
+        request_authorization().split()[1], dummy_data.public_key, algorithms="RS256"
+    )
     assert token["application_id"] == dummy_data.application_id
 
 
@@ -185,14 +193,18 @@ def test_authorization_with_private_key_object(voice, dummy_data):
 
     voice.get_call("xx-xx-xx-xx")
 
-    token = jwt.decode(request_authorization().split()[1], dummy_data.public_key, algorithms="RS256")
+    token = jwt.decode(
+        request_authorization().split()[1], dummy_data.public_key, algorithms="RS256"
+    )
     assert token["application_id"] == dummy_data.application_id
 
 
 @responses.activate
 def test_get_recording(voice, dummy_data):
     stub_bytes(
-        responses.GET, "https://api.nexmo.com/v1/files/d6e47a2e-3414-11e8-8c2c-2f8b643ed957", body=b'THISISANMP3'
+        responses.GET,
+        "https://api.nexmo.com/v1/files/d6e47a2e-3414-11e8-8c2c-2f8b643ed957",
+        body=b'THISISANMP3',
     )
 
     assert isinstance(