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Serial and Bluetooth control

All sketches use Serial at 9600 baud. Commands can come from Arduino IDE Serial Monitor or from a TTL serial Bluetooth module that presents the same byte stream.

Uno wiring

Module Arduino Uno
TX RX / pin 0
RX TX / pin 1 through level shifting when required
GND GND
VCC Module-specific rated supply

Check the module's datasheet: many receive pins are 3.3 V logic even when the breakout board accepts 5 V power. Disconnect pins 0 and 1 during upload because the Uno USB interface shares this hardware serial port.

Reliable test sequence

  1. Test commands over USB with no wireless module connected.
  2. Configure Serial Monitor to No line ending.
  3. Connect the unpowered module and verify voltage levels.
  4. Pair the module and send the same characters.
  5. If commands fail, echo bytes with the basic Bluetooth LED sketch.

The sketches ignore carriage-return and newline bytes, so other line-ending settings should not cause an unsafe command. Unknown commands select a stopped or off state in motor exercises.