Optimise quick_sort

[genskyff]

Pull Request Template

Description

If the input array is completely ordered, let's say the length of the subarray in the recursion is m, each partition operation will result in a left subarray of length 0 and a right subarray of length m - 1. In this scenario, the height of the recursion tree will reach n - 1, requiring O(n) size of stack space.

To avoid this, it's possible to compare the lengths of the two subarrays each time and only recurse on the shorter subarray. Since the length of the shorter subarray won't exceed n / 2, this approach ensures that the recursion depth does not go beyond log(n), thereby optimizing the worst-case space complexity to log(n).

Checklist:

• I ran bellow commands using the latest version of rust nightly.
• I ran cargo clippy --all -- -D warnings just before my last commit and fixed any issue that was found.
• I ran cargo fmt just before my last commit.
• I ran cargo test just before my last commit and all tests passed.
• I checked COUNTRIBUTING.md and my code follows its guidelines.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.71%. Comparing base (06a56e9) to head (91b64fb).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #678   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   94.71%   94.71%           
=======================================
  Files         293      293           
  Lines       23346    23351    +5     
=======================================
+ Hits        22113    22118    +5     
  Misses       1233     1233           

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[github-actions]

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