Added a binomial distribution formula calculator algorithm

[SamiTumarov]

Describe your change:

Added a binomial distribution algorithm
(also added in the same file a factorial function that is being used
by the binomial distribution function)

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• All new algorithms have a URL in its comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[TravisBuddy]

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TravisBuddy Request Identifier: 077b4d80-c4fe-11ea-af19-3b271fec1f42

[cclauss]

Codespell says: ./maths/binomial_distribution.py:14: succes ==> success

[TravisBuddy]

Hey @XxSamixX123,
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TravisCI finished with status errored, which means the build failed because of something unrelated to the tests, such as a problem with a dependency or the build process itself.

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TravisBuddy Request Identifier: 7271d190-c50d-11ea-af19-3b271fec1f42

[cclauss]

You can leave these three lines in place if you want.

[TravisBuddy]

Hey @XxSamixX123,
Something went wrong with the build.

TravisCI finished with status errored, which means the build failed because of something unrelated to the tests, such as a problem with a dependency or the build process itself.

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TravisBuddy Request Identifier: f844ef30-c50f-11ea-af19-3b271fec1f42

[cclauss]

Travis CI says...

$ flake8 --ignore=E203,W503 --max-complexity=25 --max-line-length=88 --statistics --count .

./maths/binomial_distribution.py:29:36: E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
./maths/binomial_distribution.py:29:39: E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
./maths/binomial_distribution.py:29:54: E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
./maths/binomial_distribution.py:33:41: E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
./maths/binomial_distribution.py:33:58: E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
./maths/binomial_distribution.py:52:24: E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
./maths/binomial_distribution.py:56:1: E305 expected 2 blank lines after class or function definition, found 1
6     E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
1     E305 expected 2 blank lines after class or function definition, found 1
7

[TravisBuddy]

Travis tests have failed

Hey @XxSamixX123,
Please read the following log in order to understand the failure reason.
It'll be awesome if you fix what's wrong and commit the changes.

TravisBuddy Request Identifier: a984f2c0-c51c-11ea-af19-3b271fec1f42

[TravisBuddy]

Travis tests have failed

Hey @XxSamixX123,
Please read the following log in order to understand the failure reason.
It'll be awesome if you fix what's wrong and commit the changes.

TravisBuddy Request Identifier: 2e38e4c0-c51f-11ea-af19-3b271fec1f42

[cclauss]

I think we are close to landing this one.... Just a few todos.

1. Edit the first message at the top of this page to set the markdown checkboxes correctly
   • https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-your-work-on-github/about-task-lists#creating-task-lists
     
2. Let's from math import factorial and remove your version
   • https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html#math.factorial
3. Fix the mypy error that is failing on Travis CI
   • https://travis-ci.com/github/TheAlgorithms/Python/builds/175416819#L390

maths/binomial_distribution.py:33: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "float", variable has type "int")

[TravisBuddy]

Hey @XxSamixX123,
Something went wrong with the build.

TravisCI finished with status errored, which means the build failed because of something unrelated to the tests, such as a problem with a dependency or the build process itself.

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TravisBuddy Request Identifier: 480ea490-c531-11ea-af19-3b271fec1f42

[SamiTumarov]

succes

I'm quite sure that was fixed earlier.

[cclauss]

Awesome work. Thanks for your persistence. You did fix all issues. My commit was just formatting.