7 Apr.txt

1) To change umask value permanently
Go to /etc/profile file then change default umask value then save & exit. Now your umask value has been changed permanently you can check it on terminal.
(vi /etc/profile. edit umask value in it. save & exit.)

2) Add new user without using adduser & useradd command
Step 1 : add an entry for user in /etc/passwd file
Step 2 : add an entry for group in /etc/group file
Step 3 : create home directory for added user with mkdir command
Step 4 : set new user password using passwd command

3)Can we change the umask value to 0888 ?
no, we cannot change the umask value to 0888 as the maximum umask value is can be 0666 as the binaries & scripts in linux have execute permissions.

4)To add new user with unique user id & check it
useradd -u 1234 abc
to check uid : id -u abc

5) Change group of any folder
chgrp grpname directoryname 
a) group of files present in the directory will not change only thr group of directory is changed
b)chgrp -R grpname directoryname