Day0.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# What is Python?\n",
    "\n",
    "* Python is an interpreted, general-purpose programming language (This means the machine doesn't directly run your code. our code is line by line converted into low level machine language)\n",
    "* It supports object-oriented concepts (classes, objects etc.)\n",
    "* Dynamically typed - so the type of a variable is decided at runtime, which means you don't have to specify it in yhe code."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Code and Comments"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 35
    },
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "NGB3j3LcdcbR",
    "outputId": "0e918c86-4b77-4d7c-c10f-e1a972106d00",
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello World!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Python runs the code line by line:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 70
    },
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "g_52IrQIgcPv",
    "outputId": "8fd62e25-a0e8-453a-8b90-61795d3cbaf1"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello1\n",
      "Hello2\n",
      "Hello3\n",
      "Welcome to Our Python course\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello1\")\n",
    "print(\"Hello2\")\n",
    "print(\"Hello3\")\n",
    "print(\"Welcome to Our Python course\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you make mistakes, python will complain:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 132
    },
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "G69sCzFUhi5j",
    "outputId": "02a98d09-409c-4600-d1a5-a8d7a06c9f2c"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "EOL while scanning string literal (<ipython-input-6-21f0c5b97628>, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-6-21f0c5b97628>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    print(\"Hello')\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                  ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m EOL while scanning string literal\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 132
    },
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "2ualX2qpg3Hy",
    "outputId": "6f5bf215-4619-43b0-ca2a-35e7f275e02e"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print(\"Hello World\")? (<ipython-input-4-2e860ebf713e>, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-4-2e860ebf713e>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    print \"Hello World\"\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                      ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print(\"Hello World\")?\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print \"Hello World\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 168
    },
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "0BOHOWOdhcgp",
    "outputId": "10918476-5bf1-4d4e-e744-7ec1f4e31855"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'Hello' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-5-85bf5114fa6b>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mHello\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'Hello' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(Hello)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Checking the Version"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python 3.9.1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python --version"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comment"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "JsFmw9IuFSKR"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#this is where I print \"Hello World\" \n",
    "\n",
    "#taking some notes\n",
    "#take a note"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Data Types\n",
    "* Text type: str (string)\n",
    "* Numeric types: int (integer), float (and complex)\n",
    "* Sequence types: list, tuple, range \n",
    "* Mapping type: dict (dictionary)\n",
    "* Boolean type: boolean\n",
    "* Set type: set\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Variables\n",
    "\n",
    "We can use variables to store values\n",
    "\n",
    "For example:\n",
    "\n",
    "* variable = value\n",
    "\n",
    "* n = 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "Sb178VuUloLP",
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 1 \n",
    "print(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "18yuPbb5m9GG"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p = n\n",
    "print(p)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12 7 33 23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#swapping\n",
    "data1 = 7 \n",
    "data2 = 12\n",
    "data3 = 23\n",
    "data4 = 33\n",
    "\n",
    "data1, data2, data3 , data4 = data2 , data1, data4, data3\n",
    "print(data1, data2, data3, data4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "data1: 12 data: 7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"data1:\", data1, \"data:\", data2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### String (str)\n",
    "\n",
    "Think of this as a sequence of characters\n",
    "\n",
    "|M|y| |n|a|m|e| |i|s| |G|a|b|b|y|\n",
    "| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n",
    "|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15|"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "GO6WONnhnVjB"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#String\n",
    "hello = \"World\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "2YZLBCcinyfx"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "World\n",
      "World\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(hello) #print variable\n",
    "print(\"World\") #print value\n",
    "print(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type('x')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#type() \n",
    "type(hello)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "letAfxW_oHH-"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(hello)) #print data type"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Integer (int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Integer\n",
    "int_value = 5\n",
    "int_value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "lQcQh8oMomlP"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(int_value))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Float "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "FMM4y1JXMjsL"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'float'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = 3.19\n",
    "print(type(t))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Boolean (bool)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "7DtsrxEHyHUH"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'bool'>\n",
      "True\n",
      "False\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Boolean\n",
    "t, f = True, False\n",
    "print(type(t))\n",
    "print(t)\n",
    "print(f)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## String Operations\n",
    "### len()\n",
    "\n",
    "Gets the length of a string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(\"Python\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "29"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(\"Welcome to the Turkish AI Hub\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'World'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hello"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "UleuXLMVwCgG"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(hello)) #print data length "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "object of type 'int' has no len()",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-39-91fed648bb37>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: object of type 'int' has no len()"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "object of type 'float' has no len()",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-40-79577706af1a>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m15.6\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: object of type 'float' has no len()"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(15.6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data22 = \"Data Science\"\n",
    "len(data22) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(\"Data Science\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Concatenating Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Omer\n",
      "Omer Cengiz\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \"Omer\"\n",
    "print(name)\n",
    "name = name + \" Cengiz\"\n",
    "print(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### String Formatting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello Turkey\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#F-string\n",
    "name = \"Turkey\"\n",
    "print(f'hello {name}') "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello Aslı\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name2 = \"Aslı\"\n",
    "print(\"Hello {}\".format(name2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My value:5 and Your value:90\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data12 = 5\n",
    "data13 = 90\n",
    "print(\"My value:{} and Your value:{}\".format(data12, data13))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My value: 5 and your value: 90\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(f'My value: {data12} and your value: {data13}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My value: 5 Your Value: 90\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"My value:\", str(data12), \"Your Value:\", str(data13))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "colab_type": "text",
    "id": "rOEAqInQGFVu"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Arithmetic Operators\n",
    "|Operator|Name|\n",
    "| --- | --- |\n",
    "|+|Addition|\n",
    "|-|Subtraction|\n",
    "|* |Multiplication|\n",
    "|/|Division|\n",
    "|//|Floor division|\n",
    "|** |Exponentiaion|\n",
    "|%|Modulus|\n",
    "\n",
    "These operators can be used like the following:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### On Numerical Values: "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "IT5uTIgBGRIz"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "102"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "35+67"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "OQzlT59exPuY"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "25"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#exponential numbers\n",
    "5**2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "125"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5**3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "qCIBU4v8HH3Y"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 10\n",
    "\n",
    "print(x+2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "imzLVXBYLNhW"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6.5\n",
      "6\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y = 13\n",
    "print(y/2)\n",
    "print(y//2)\n",
    "print(y % 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "Qx0vjBUmGZNk"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-41-e19ba8062dfb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"35\"\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m67\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = \"35\" + 67 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### On Strings:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "helloworld\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_string = \"hello\" + \"world\"\n",
    "print(my_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "_EzMFsTMGbw5"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "353535\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_string = \"35\"*3\n",
    "print(my_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "X_FiEHA9GlUH"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hellohellohellohello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_string = \"hello\"*4\n",
    "print(my_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### (Additional) Assignment Operators (+= , *= etc)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "21xH-WU1LhkS"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "z = 5\n",
    "z += 1 # this statement equals to z= z+1 , meaning while the previous value of z is 5, the new z value becomes 6. \n",
    "z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "z += 2 #z = z + 2\n",
    "z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "2HOE_xOGL3WQ"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "16"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "z *= 2      # z = z * 2\n",
    "z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hey\n",
      "hey there\n",
      "hey therehey there\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_string = \"hey\"\n",
    "print(my_string)\n",
    "my_string += \" there\"\n",
    "print(my_string)\n",
    "my_string *= 2\n",
    "print(my_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Docstrings (documentation strings)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {},
    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "llzXRK61FadN"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'\\nThese quotes are used for docstrings. They are often confused with comments. But python will treat this as a regular string\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "These quotes are used for docstrings. They are often confused with comments. But python will treat this as a regular string\n",
    "\"\"\""
   ]
  }
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