[SPARK-40790][SQL][TESTS] Check error classes in DDL parsing tests

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR aims to replace 'intercept' with 'Check error classes' in DDL parsing tests, include:

- AlterNamespaceSetPropertiesParserSuite
- AlterTableDropPartitionParserSuite
- AlterTableRenameParserSuite
- AlterTableRecoverPartitionsParserSuite
- DescribeTableParserSuite
- TruncateTableParserSuite
- AlterTableSetSerdeParserSuite
- ShowPartitionsParserSuite

### Why are the changes needed?
The changes improve the error framework.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No.

### How was this patch tested?
By running the modified test suite:
```
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *ParserSuite"
```

Closes apache#38280 from panbingkun/SPARK-40790.

Authored-by: panbingkun <pbk1982@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Max Gekk <max.gekk@gmail.com>

Author: panbingkun

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/AlterNamespaceSetPropertiesParserSuite.scala

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedNamespace}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.SetNamespaceProperties
 
 class AlterNamespaceSetPropertiesParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
+
   test("set namespace properties") {
     Seq("DATABASE", "SCHEMA", "NAMESPACE").foreach { nsToken =>
       Seq("PROPERTIES", "DBPROPERTIES").foreach { propToken =>
@@ -40,10 +40,14 @@ class AlterNamespaceSetPropertiesParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
   }
 
   test("property values must be set") {
-    val e = intercept[ParseException] {
-      parsePlan("ALTER NAMESPACE my_db SET PROPERTIES('key_without_value', 'key_with_value'='x')")
-    }
-    assert(e.getMessage.contains(
-      "Operation not allowed: Values must be specified for key(s): [key_without_value]"))
+    val sql = "ALTER NAMESPACE my_db SET PROPERTIES('key_without_value', 'key_with_value'='x')"
+    checkError(
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)(sql),
+      errorClass = "_LEGACY_ERROR_TEMP_0035",
+      parameters = Map("message" -> "Values must be specified for key(s): [key_without_value]"),
+      context = ExpectedContext(
+        fragment = sql,
+        start = 0,
+        stop = 78))
   }
 }

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/AlterTableDropPartitionParserSuite.scala

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedPartitionSpec, UnresolvedTable}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.DropPartitions
 import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
 
 class AlterTableDropPartitionParserSuite extends AnalysisTest with SharedSparkSession {
+
   test("drop partition") {
     val sql = """
       |ALTER TABLE table_name DROP PARTITION
@@ -92,9 +92,13 @@ class AlterTableDropPartitionParserSuite extends AnalysisTest with SharedSparkSe
 
   test("drop partition from view") {
     val sql = "ALTER VIEW table_name DROP PARTITION (p=1)"
-    val errMsg = intercept[ParseException] {
-      parsePlan(sql)
-    }.getMessage
-    assert(errMsg.contains("Operation not allowed"))
+    checkError(
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)(sql),
+      errorClass = "_LEGACY_ERROR_TEMP_0035",
+      parameters = Map("message" -> "ALTER VIEW ... DROP PARTITION"),
+      context = ExpectedContext(
+        fragment = sql,
+        start = 0,
+        stop = 41))
   }
 }

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/AlterTableRecoverPartitionsParserSuite.scala

@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedTable}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.RecoverPartitions
 import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
 
 class AlterTableRecoverPartitionsParserSuite extends AnalysisTest with SharedSparkSession {
 
   test("recover partitions without table") {
-    val errMsg = intercept[ParseException] {
-      parsePlan("ALTER TABLE RECOVER PARTITIONS")
-    }.getMessage
-    assert(errMsg.contains("Syntax error at or near 'PARTITIONS'"))
+    val sql = "ALTER TABLE RECOVER PARTITIONS"
+    checkError(
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)(sql),
+      errorClass = "PARSE_SYNTAX_ERROR",
+      parameters = Map("error" -> "'PARTITIONS'", "hint" -> ""))
   }
 
   test("recover partitions of a table") {

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/AlterTableRenameParserSuite.scala

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedTableOrView}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.RenameTable
 
 class AlterTableRenameParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
@@ -42,10 +41,16 @@ class AlterTableRenameParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
   }
 
   test("invalid table identifiers") {
-    Seq(
-      "ALTER TABLE RENAME TO x.y.z",
-      "ALTER TABLE _ RENAME TO .z").foreach { renameCmd =>
-      intercept[ParseException] { parsePlan(renameCmd) }
-    }
+    val sql1 = "ALTER TABLE RENAME TO x.y.z"
+    checkError(
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)(sql1),
+      errorClass = "PARSE_SYNTAX_ERROR",
+      parameters = Map("error" -> "'TO'", "hint" -> ""))
+
+    val sql2 = "ALTER TABLE _ RENAME TO .z"
+    checkError(
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)(sql2),
+      errorClass = "PARSE_SYNTAX_ERROR",
+      parameters = Map("error" -> "'.'", "hint" -> ": extra input '.'"))
   }
 }

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/AlterTableSetSerdeParserSuite.scala

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedTable}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.SetTableSerDeProperties
 import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
 
@@ -30,11 +29,14 @@ class AlterTableSetSerdeParserSuite extends AnalysisTest with SharedSparkSession
   test("SerDe property values must be set") {
     val sql = "ALTER TABLE table_name SET SERDE 'serde' " +
       "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES('key_without_value', 'key_with_value'='x')"
-    val errMsg = intercept[ParseException] {
-      parsePlan(sql)
-    }.getMessage
-    assert(errMsg.contains("Operation not allowed"))
-    assert(errMsg.contains("key_without_value"))
+    checkError(
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)(sql),
+      errorClass = "_LEGACY_ERROR_TEMP_0035",
+      parameters = Map("message" -> "Values must be specified for key(s): [key_without_value]"),
+      context = ExpectedContext(
+        fragment = sql,
+        start = 0,
+        stop = 103))
   }
 
   test("alter table SerDe properties by 'SET SERDE'") {

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/DescribeTableParserSuite.scala

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 
 package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
-import org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedAttribute, UnresolvedTableOrView}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{DescribeColumn, DescribeRelation}
@@ -76,9 +75,14 @@ class DescribeTableParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
         UnresolvedAttribute(Seq("col")),
         isExtended = true))
 
-    val caught = intercept[AnalysisException](
-      parsePlan("DESCRIBE TABLE t PARTITION (ds='1970-01-01') col"))
-    assert(caught.getMessage.contains(
-      "The feature is not supported: DESC TABLE COLUMN for a specific partition."))
+    val sql = "DESCRIBE TABLE t PARTITION (ds='1970-01-01') col"
+    checkError(
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)(sql),
+      errorClass = "UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE.DESC_TABLE_COLUMN_PARTITION",
+      parameters = Map.empty,
+      context = ExpectedContext(
+        fragment = sql,
+        start = 0,
+        stop = 47))
   }
 }

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/ShowPartitionsParserSuite.scala

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedPartitionSpec, UnresolvedTable}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.ShowPartitions
 
 class ShowPartitionsParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
@@ -47,9 +46,7 @@ class ShowPartitionsParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
 
   test("empty values in non-optional partition specs") {
     checkError(
-      exception = intercept[ParseException] {
-        parsePlan("SHOW PARTITIONS dbx.tab1 PARTITION (a='1', b)")
-      },
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)("SHOW PARTITIONS dbx.tab1 PARTITION (a='1', b)"),
       errorClass = "INVALID_SQL_SYNTAX",
       sqlState = "42000",
       parameters = Map("inputString" -> "Partition key `b` must set value (can't be empty)."),

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/TruncateTableParserSuite.scala

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{AnalysisTest, UnresolvedPartitionSpec, UnresolvedTable}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser.parsePlan
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{TruncatePartition, TruncateTable}
 
 class TruncateTableParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
@@ -47,9 +46,7 @@ class TruncateTableParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
 
   test("empty values in non-optional partition specs") {
     checkError(
-      exception = intercept[ParseException] {
-        parsePlan("TRUNCATE TABLE dbx.tab1 PARTITION (a='1', b)")
-      },
+      exception = parseException(parsePlan)("TRUNCATE TABLE dbx.tab1 PARTITION (a='1', b)"),
       errorClass = "INVALID_SQL_SYNTAX",
       sqlState = "42000",
       parameters = Map("inputString" -> "Partition key `b` must set value (can't be empty)."),