feat: class for time series (#508)

Closes #481 

### Summary of Changes

<!-- Please provide a summary of changes in this pull request, ensuring
all changes are explained. -->
added the time series class, with all basic tests and functionalities
so it can be used like a normal table or taggedtrable with an extra time column

---------

Co-authored-by: Ettl<AndiWrp>
Co-authored-by: Simon <s6snbreu@uni-bonn.de>
Co-authored-by: megalinter-bot <129584137+megalinter-bot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Simon Breuer <86068340+sibre28@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander <47296670+Marsmaennchen221@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 4 people

src/safeds/data/tabular/containers/__init__.py

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 from ._row import Row
 from ._table import Table
 from ._tagged_table import TaggedTable
+from ._time_series import TimeSeries
 
 __all__ = [
     "Column",
     "Row",
     "Table",
     "TaggedTable",
+    "TimeSeries",
 ]

src/safeds/data/tabular/containers/_table.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     from safeds.data.tabular.transformation import InvertibleTableTransformer, TableTransformer
 
     from ._tagged_table import TaggedTable
+    from ._time_series import TimeSeries
 
 # Enable copy-on-write for pandas dataframes
 pd.options.mode.copy_on_write = True
@@ -1715,6 +1716,43 @@ def tag_columns(self, target_name: str, feature_names: list[str] | None = None)
 
         return TaggedTable._from_table(self, target_name, feature_names)
 
+    def time_columns(self, target_name: str, time_name: str, feature_names: list[str] | None = None) -> TimeSeries:
+        """
+        Return a new `TimeSeries` with columns marked as a target and time column or feature columns.
+
+        The original table is not modified.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        target_name : str
+            Name of the target column.
+        time_name : str
+            Name of the time column.
+        feature_names : list[str] | None
+            Names of the feature columns. If None, all columns except the target and time columns are used.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        time_series : TimeSeries
+            A new time series with the given target, time and feature names.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+            If the target column is also a feature column.
+        ValueError
+            If there is no other column than the specified target and time columns left to be a feature column
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> from safeds.data.tabular.containers import Table, TimeSeries
+        >>> table = Table.from_dict({"time": ["01.01", "01.02", "01.03"], "price": [1.10, 1.19, 1.79], "amount_bought": [74, 72, 51]})
+        >>> tagged_table = table.time_columns(target_name="amount_bought",time_name = "time", feature_names=["price"])
+        """
+        from ._time_series import TimeSeries
+
+        return TimeSeries._from_table_to_time_series(self, target_name, time_name, feature_names)
+
     def transform_column(self, name: str, transformer: Callable[[Row], Any]) -> Table:
         """
         Return a new `Table` with the provided column transformed by calling the provided transformer.

src/safeds/data/tabular/containers/_tagged_table.py

@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ def add_row(self, row: Row) -> TaggedTable:
         Returns
         -------
         table : TaggedTable
-            A new table with the added row at the end.
+            A new tagged table with the added row at the end.
 
         Raises
         ------
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ def add_rows(self, rows: list[Row] | Table) -> TaggedTable:
         Returns
         -------
         result : TaggedTable
-            A new table which combines the original table and the given rows.
+            A new tagged table which combines the original table and the given rows.
 
         Raises
         ------
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ def filter_rows(self, query: Callable[[Row], bool]) -> TaggedTable:
         """
         Return a new `TaggedTable` containing only rows that match the given Callable (e.g. lambda function).
 
-        The original table is not modified.
+        The original tagged table is not modified.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
@@ -395,8 +395,8 @@ def filter_rows(self, query: Callable[[Row], bool]) -> TaggedTable:
 
         Returns
         -------
-        table : TaggedTable
-            A table containing only the rows to match the query.
+        result : TaggedTable
+            A new tagged table containing only the rows to match the query.
         """
         return TaggedTable._from_table(
             super().filter_rows(query),