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It is fairly easy to prove that `FTS-TREE` is fair. More precisely; given a Merkle tree with <a href="https://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=N" target="_blank"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?N" title="N" /></a> stakeholders, containing a total of <a href="https://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sum_{i=1}^{N}{x_i}" target="_blank"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sum_{i=1}^{N}{x_i}" title="\sum_{i=1}^{N}{x_i}" /></a> coins, `FTS-TREE` selects the *k*:th stakeholder <a href="https://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=1&space;\le&space;k&space;\le&space;N" target="_blank"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?1&space;\le&space;k&space;\le&space;N" title="1 \le k \le N" /></a> controlling <a href="https://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=x_k" target="_blank"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?x_k" title="x_k" /></a> coins with probability <a href="https://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{x_k}{\sum_{i=1}^{N}{x_i}}" target="_blank"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{x_k}{\sum_{i=1}^{N}{x_i}}" title="\frac{x_k}{\sum_{i=1}^{N}{x_i}}" /></a>.
[1] Bentov, Iddo, et al. "Proof of Activity: Extending Bitcoin's Proof of Work via Proof of Stake [Extended Abstract] y." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 42.3 (2014): 34-37.
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