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@t header
<!--
BUILTIN TESTING
V LANGUAGE SERVER
-->
<div class='content landing'>
<div class='hero'>
<div class='info'>
<h1 style="font-weight: 900; font-size: 2.5rem; color: black;" class='extrabold'><strong><img src="./img/v-logo.png" style=" width: 50px; height: 50px;"> Programming Language</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size:larger;" class="subTitle">“simple, fast, safe, compiled language for developing maintainable software”</p>
<a class='button' target=_blank href="https://github.com/vlang/v" style="background-color: #000;">
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-github fa-w-16" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="github" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg>
<div class='text'>
<span class='link'>github.com/vlang/v</span>
<span class='details'><svg viewBox='0 0 14 16' version='1.1' width='12' height='14' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74L14 6z' /></svg>30k</span>
</div>
</a>
<div class='button' style="background: #4693fe">
<a id="dl-a" href="https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip" style="display: flex; color: #eee">
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-windows fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="windows" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 93.7l183.6-25.3v177.4H0V93.7zm0 324.6l183.6 25.3V268.4H0v149.9zm203.8 28L448 480V268.4H203.8v177.9zm0-380.6v180.1H448V32L203.8 65.7z"></path></svg>
<div class='text'>
<span class='link' id='dl-name'>Download for Linux</span>
<span class='details' id='dl-size'>v0.3.x - 1.7MB</span>
</div>
</a>
<div class='options-container' tabindex="0">
<img class='right-icon' src='/img/down.png' />
<div class='options'>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip" class='dl-option' id='dl_linux'>
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-linux fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="linux" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M220.8 123.3c1 .5 1.8 1.7 3 1.7 1.1 0 2.8-.4 2.9-1.5.2-1.4-1.9-2.3-3.2-2.9-1.7-.7-3.9-1-5.5-.1-.4.2-.8.7-.6 1.1.3 1.3 2.3 1.1 3.4 1.7zm-21.9 1.7c1.2 0 2-1.2 3-1.7 1.1-.6 3.1-.4 3.5-1.6.2-.4-.2-.9-.6-1.1-1.6-.9-3.8-.6-5.5.1-1.3.6-3.4 1.5-3.2 2.9.1 1 1.8 1.5 2.8 1.4zM420 403.8c-3.6-4-5.3-11.6-7.2-19.7-1.8-8.1-3.9-16.8-10.5-22.4-1.3-1.1-2.6-2.1-4-2.9-1.3-.8-2.7-1.5-4.1-2 9.2-27.3 5.6-54.5-3.7-79.1-11.4-30.1-31.3-56.4-46.5-74.4-17.1-21.5-33.7-41.9-33.4-72C311.1 85.4 315.7.1 234.8 0 132.4-.2 158 103.4 156.9 135.2c-1.7 23.4-6.4 41.8-22.5 64.7-18.9 22.5-45.5 58.8-58.1 96.7-6 17.9-8.8 36.1-6.2 53.3-6.5 5.8-11.4 14.7-16.6 20.2-4.2 4.3-10.3 5.9-17 8.3s-14 6-18.5 14.5c-2.1 3.9-2.8 8.1-2.8 12.4 0 3.9.6 7.9 1.2 11.8 1.2 8.1 2.5 15.7.8 20.8-5.2 14.4-5.9 24.4-2.2 31.7 3.8 7.3 11.4 10.5 20.1 12.3 17.3 3.6 40.8 2.7 59.3 12.5 19.8 10.4 39.9 14.1 55.9 10.4 11.6-2.6 21.1-9.6 25.9-20.2 12.5-.1 26.3-5.4 48.3-6.6 14.9-1.2 33.6 5.3 55.1 4.1.6 2.3 1.4 4.6 2.5 6.7v.1c8.3 16.7 23.8 24.3 40.3 23 16.6-1.3 34.1-11 48.3-27.9 13.6-16.4 36-23.2 50.9-32.2 7.4-4.5 13.4-10.1 13.9-18.3.4-8.2-4.4-17.3-15.5-29.7zM223.7 87.3c9.8-22.2 34.2-21.8 44-.4 6.5 14.2 3.6 30.9-4.3 40.4-1.6-.8-5.9-2.6-12.6-4.9 1.1-1.2 3.1-2.7 3.9-4.6 4.8-11.8-.2-27-9.1-27.3-7.3-.5-13.9 10.8-11.8 23-4.1-2-9.4-3.5-13-4.4-1-6.9-.3-14.6 2.9-21.8zM183 75.8c10.1 0 20.8 14.2 19.1 33.5-3.5 1-7.1 2.5-10.2 4.6 1.2-8.9-3.3-20.1-9.6-19.6-8.4.7-9.8 21.2-1.8 28.1 1 .8 1.9-.2-5.9 5.5-15.6-14.6-10.5-52.1 8.4-52.1zm-13.6 60.7c6.2-4.6 13.6-10 14.1-10.5 4.7-4.4 13.5-14.2 27.9-14.2 7.1 0 15.6 2.3 25.9 8.9 6.3 4.1 11.3 4.4 22.6 9.3 8.4 3.5 13.7 9.7 10.5 18.2-2.6 7.1-11 14.4-22.7 18.1-11.1 3.6-19.8 16-38.2 14.9-3.9-.2-7-1-9.6-2.1-8-3.5-12.2-10.4-20-15-8.6-4.8-13.2-10.4-14.7-15.3-1.4-4.9 0-9 4.2-12.3zm3.3 334c-2.7 35.1-43.9 34.4-75.3 18-29.9-15.8-68.6-6.5-76.5-21.9-2.4-4.7-2.4-12.7 2.6-26.4v-.2c2.4-7.6.6-16-.6-23.9-1.2-7.8-1.8-15 .9-20 3.5-6.7 8.5-9.1 14.8-11.3 10.3-3.7 11.8-3.4 19.6-9.9 5.5-5.7 9.5-12.9 14.3-18 5.1-5.5 10-8.1 17.7-6.9 8.1 1.2 15.1 6.8 21.9 16l19.6 35.6c9.5 19.9 43.1 48.4 41 68.9zm-1.4-25.9c-4.1-6.6-9.6-13.6-14.4-19.6 7.1 0 14.2-2.2 16.7-8.9 2.3-6.2 0-14.9-7.4-24.9-13.5-18.2-38.3-32.5-38.3-32.5-13.5-8.4-21.1-18.7-24.6-29.9s-3-23.3-.3-35.2c5.2-22.9 18.6-45.2 27.2-59.2 2.3-1.7.8 3.2-8.7 20.8-8.5 16.1-24.4 53.3-2.6 82.4.6-20.7 5.5-41.8 13.8-61.5 12-27.4 37.3-74.9 39.3-112.7 1.1.8 4.6 3.2 6.2 4.1 4.6 2.7 8.1 6.7 12.6 10.3 12.4 10 28.5 9.2 42.4 1.2 6.2-3.5 11.2-7.5 15.9-9 9.9-3.1 17.8-8.6 22.3-15 7.7 30.4 25.7 74.3 37.2 95.7 6.1 11.4 18.3 35.5 23.6 64.6 3.3-.1 7 .4 10.9 1.4 13.8-35.7-11.7-74.2-23.3-84.9-4.7-4.6-4.9-6.6-2.6-6.5 12.6 11.2 29.2 33.7 35.2 59 2.8 11.6 3.3 23.7.4 35.7 16.4 6.8 35.9 17.9 30.7 34.8-2.2-.1-3.2 0-4.2 0 3.2-10.1-3.9-17.6-22.8-26.1-19.6-8.6-36-8.6-38.3 12.5-12.1 4.2-18.3 14.7-21.4 27.3-2.8 11.2-3.6 24.7-4.4 39.9-.5 7.7-3.6 18-6.8 29-32.1 22.9-76.7 32.9-114.3 7.2zm257.4-11.5c-.9 16.8-41.2 19.9-63.2 46.5-13.2 15.7-29.4 24.4-43.6 25.5s-26.5-4.8-33.7-19.3c-4.7-11.1-2.4-23.1 1.1-36.3 3.7-14.2 9.2-28.8 9.9-40.6.8-15.2 1.7-28.5 4.2-38.7 2.6-10.3 6.6-17.2 13.7-21.1.3-.2.7-.3 1-.5.8 13.2 7.3 26.6 18.8 29.5 12.6 3.3 30.7-7.5 38.4-16.3 9-.3 15.7-.9 22.6 5.1 9.9 8.5 7.1 30.3 17.1 41.6 10.6 11.6 14 19.5 13.7 24.6zM173.3 148.7c2 1.9 4.7 4.5 8 7.1 6.6 5.2 15.8 10.6 27.3 10.6 11.6 0 22.5-5.9 31.8-10.8 4.9-2.6 10.9-7 14.8-10.4s5.9-6.3 3.1-6.6-2.6 2.6-6 5.1c-4.4 3.2-9.7 7.4-13.9 9.8-7.4 4.2-19.5 10.2-29.9 10.2s-18.7-4.8-24.9-9.7c-3.1-2.5-5.7-5-7.7-6.9-1.5-1.4-1.9-4.6-4.3-4.9-1.4-.1-1.8 3.7 1.7 6.5z"></path></svg>
<span class='name'>Linux</span>
<span class='size'>6.6MB</span>
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_macos.zip" class='dl-option' id='dl_macos'>
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-apple fa-w-12" id="dl-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="apple" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M318.7 268.7c-.2-36.7 16.4-64.4 50-84.8-18.8-26.9-47.2-41.7-84.7-44.6-35.5-2.8-74.3 20.7-88.5 20.7-15 0-49.4-19.7-76.4-19.7C63.3 141.2 4 184.8 4 273.5q0 39.3 14.4 81.2c12.8 36.7 59 126.7 107.2 125.2 25.2-.6 43-17.9 75.8-17.9 31.8 0 48.3 17.9 76.4 17.9 48.6-.7 90.4-82.5 102.6-119.3-65.2-30.7-61.7-90-61.7-91.9zm-56.6-164.2c27.3-32.4 24.8-61.9 24-72.5-24.1 1.4-52 16.4-67.9 34.9-17.5 19.8-27.8 44.3-25.6 71.9 26.1 2 49.9-11.4 69.5-34.3z"></path></svg>
<span class='name'>macOS</span>
<span class='size'>6.0MB</span>
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_windows.zip" class='dl-option' id='dl_windows'>
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-windows fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="windows" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 93.7l183.6-25.3v177.4H0V93.7zm0 324.6l183.6 25.3V268.4H0v149.9zm203.8 28L448 480V268.4H203.8v177.9zm0-380.6v180.1H448V32L203.8 65.7z"></path></svg>
<span class='name'>Windows</span>
<span class='size'>5.9MB</span>
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#install-from-source" class='dl-option'>
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-windows fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="windows" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""></svg>
<span class='name'>Build from source</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class='version' style="text-align: center; padding-top: 4px;">V version: 0.3x beta</p>
<script>
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dlicon.outerHTML = '<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-windows fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="windows" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 93.7l183.6-25.3v177.4H0V93.7zm0 324.6l183.6 25.3V268.4H0v149.9zm203.8 28L448 480V268.4H203.8v177.9zm0-380.6v180.1H448V32L203.8 65.7z"></path></svg>'
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dla.href = "https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip"
}
</script>
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<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/oversoul/vlang-sublime'><img width=27 src='/img/sublime.png'></a>
-->
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- <a class='book' href='https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1839213434' target='_blank'>
<img style='width:155px' src='/img/book.jpg'> <br>
The first printed book on V!
</a> -->
<div class='examples' >
<div style="width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; margin-bottom: -22px;">
<a target=_blank href='https://my-store-7564322.creator-spring.com/'><img style="width: 200px; margin:0; padding: 0; float: right; right: -20px; z-index: 2; position: relative;" src="/img/veasel.png"></a>
</div>
<div class='codeblock' id="codeblock_99404097">
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex1>fn main() {
areas := ['game', 'web', 'tools', 'science', 'systems',
'embedded', 'drivers', 'GUI', 'mobile']
for area in areas {
println('Hello, $area developers!')
}
}</pre>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex2 style='display:none'>
// Print file lines that start with "DEBUG:"
import os
// `read_file` returns an optional (`?string`), it must be checked
text := os.read_file('app.log') or {
// `err` is a special variable that contains the error
// in `or {}` blocks
eprintln('failed to read the file: $err')
return
}
lines := text.split_into_lines()
for line in lines {
if line.starts_with('DEBUG:') {
println(line)
}
}
</pre>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex3 style='display:none'>
import time
import net.http
resp := http.get('https://vlang.io/utc_now') or {
println('failed to fetch data from the server')
return
}
t := time.unix(resp.text.int())
println(t.format()) // 2019-08-16 17:48
</pre>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex4 style='display:none'>
import json
struct User {
name string
age int
mut:
is_registered bool
}
fn main() {
s := '[{"name":"Frodo", "age":25}, {"name":"Bobby", "age":10}]'
mut users := json.decode([]User, s) or {
eprintln('Failed to parse json')
return
}
for user in users {
println('$user.name: $user.age')
}
println('')
for i, mut user in users {
println('$i) $user.name')
if !user.can_register() {
println('Cannot register $user.name, they are too young')
continue
}
// `user` is declared as `mut` in the for loop,
// modifying it will modify the array
user.register()
}
// Let's encode users again just for fun
println('')
println(json.encode(users))
}
fn (u User) can_register() bool {
return u.age >= 16
}
fn (mut u User) register() {
u.is_registered = true
}
</pre>
</div>
<select id="select" onchange="change_ex()" style="margin-top:30px; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); font-size: medium; padding: 5px; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid #ccc;">
<option value="1">Hello world</option>
<option value="2">Filter log file</option>
<option value="3">HTTP + time</option>
<option value="4">JSON encoding/decoding</option>
<!--
<option value="5">Built-in ORM</option>
-->
</select>
<script>
var ex_id = 1;
const nr_exs = 5;
function prev() {
ex_id--;
if (ex_id < 1) ex_id = nr_exs;
update_ex()
}
function next() {
ex_id++;
if (ex_id > nr_exs) ex_id = 1;
update_ex()
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if (ex_id <= 3) {
document.getElementById('ex' + ex_id).style.fontSize = '100%';
}
else {
document.getElementById('ex' + ex_id).style.fontSize = '80%';
}
var select = document.getElementById("select") ;
select.value = ex_id;
getAjax('/next')
}
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var select = document.getElementById("select") ;
ex_id = select.value - 1;
next();
}
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</script>
</div>
</div>
<h1 style="font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 900; margin-top: 40px;">Latest news</h1><br>
<!-- a 3x3 grid of blocks -->
<div class="news">
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 30, 2022
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/14895'>V 0.3 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 22, 2022
</div>
<div>
C2V is out! Demo video:
<a target=_blank href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oXrz3oRoEg'>
translating DOOM from C to V, building it under a second and running it!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 10, 2022
</div>
<div>
V has appeared on
<a target=_blank href="https://twitter.com/v_language/status/1535291800717500416">RedMonk Q122 Programming Language Rankings</a>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 9, 2022
</div>
<div>
As of today, programs built with the V compiler no longer leak memory by default.
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
May 29, 2022
</div>
<div>
7000 pull requests have been merged!
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='link' style='margin-top: 40px;'>
<a class="block" target=_blank href="https://fast.vlang.io/">Is V still fast?</a>
<a class="block" target=_blank href="https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/FAQ">FAQ</a>
<a class="block" target=_blank href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
<a class="block" href='/#builtinv'>Built in V</a>
<a class="block" target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/rfcs'>RFCs</a>
</div>
<h1 style="margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 40px; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Why V?</h1>
<div id="mainBody">
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>%simple_language_for_maintainable_programs</h2>
<p>
You can learn the entire language by going through the
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md'>documentation</a> over a weekend, and in most cases there's only one way to do something.
<p>
This results in simple, readable, and maintainable code.
<p>
Despite being simple, V gives a lot of power to the developer and can be used in pretty much every field, including systems programming, webdev, gamedev, GUI, mobile, science, embedded, tooling, etc.
</p>
<p>
V is very similar to Go. If you know Go, you already know ≈80% of V.
Things V improves on Go: <a target=_blank href='https://vlang.io/compare#go'>vlang.io/compare#go</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Safety</h2>
<ul>
<li>Bounds checking</li>
<li>No undefined values</li>
<li>No undefined behavior</li>
<li>No variable shadowing</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#variables">Immutable variables by default</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#access-modifiers">Immutable structs by default</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#optionresult-types-and-error-handling">Option/Result and mandatory error checks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#sum-types">Sum types</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#generics">Generics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#immutable-function-args-by-default">Immutable function args by default, mutable args have to be marked on call</a></li>
<li>No null <i>(allowed in unsafe code)</i></li>
<li>No global variables <i>(can be enabled for low level applications like kernels via a command line flag)</i></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>Painless deployments and dependency management</h2>
<p>
To build your project, no matter how big, all you need to do is run
<pre>
v .
</pre><br/>
No build environments, makefiles, headers, virtual environments, etc.<br/>
You get a single statically linked binary that is guaranteed to work on all operating systems (provided you cross compile) without any dependencies.<br/><br/>
Installing new libraries via vpm, a centralized package manager written in V, is as simple as
<pre>
v install ui
</pre>
</p>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Run everywhere</h2>
<p>
V can emit (human readable) C, so you get the great platform support and optimization of GCC and Clang. (Use <code>v -prod .</code> to make optimized builds.)<br/><br/>
Emitting C will always be an option, even after direct machine code generation matures.<br/><br/>
V can call C code, and calling V code is possible in any language that has C interop.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>REPL</h2>
<pre style="margin-right: 36px">v
>>> import net.http
>>> data := http.get('https://vlang.io/utc_now')?
>>> data.text
1565977541</pre>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Cross-platform shell scripts in V</h2>
<p>
V can be used as an alternative to Bash to write deployment scripts, build scripts, etc.
The advantage of using V for this is the simplicity and predictability of the language, and cross-platform support. "V scripts" run on Unix-like systems as well as on Windows.
</p>
<pre style="margin-right: 36px">for file in ls('build/') {
rm(file)
}
mv('v.exe', 'build/')
v run deploy.vsh</pre>
<p><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#cross-platform-shell-scripts-in-v">Read more about V script</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>Performance</h2>
<ul>
<li>As fast as C <i>(V's main backend compiles to human readable C)</i></li>
<li>C interop without any costs</li>
<li>Minimal amount of allocations</li>
<li>Built-in serialization without runtime reflection</li>
<li>Compiles to native binaries without any dependencies: a simple web server is only 65 KB</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Fast compilation</h2>
<p>
V compiles ≈110k (Clang backend) and ≈500k (x64 and tcc backends) lines of code per second. <br><i>(Intel i5-7500, SM0256L SSD, no optimization)</i><br/><br/>
V is written in V and compiles itself in under a second.
</p>
<p>
Most of the compiler is still single threaded, so it's going to be 2-3x faster in the future!
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="" style="width: 75%; margin-right: 20px; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2> Small and easy to build compiler</h2>
<p>
V can be bootstrapped in under a second by compiling its code translated to C with a simple <pre>cc v.c</pre>No libraries or dependencies needed.
<br /><br />
For comparison, space and time required to build each compiler. The lines show the amount of time that it takes to build:
</p>
<table>
<tbody><tr><td></td><td>Space </td><td>Build time</td></tr>
<tr><td>Go</td><td>525 MB</td><td>1m 33s</td></tr>
<tr><td><div style="width: 30px; height: 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #368cfd ;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td>Rust</td><td>30 GB</td><td>45m</td></tr>
<tr><td><div style="width: 80px; height: 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #368cfd ;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td>GCC</td><td>8 GB</td><td>50m</td></tr>
<tr><td><div style="width: 70px; height: 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #368cfd ;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td>Clang</td><td>90 GB
<a target="_blank" class="sidenote" href="https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-April/132028.html">[0]</a>
</td><td>60m</td></tr>
<tr><td><div style="width: 170px; height: 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #368cfd ;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td>Swift</td><td>70 GB
<a target="_blank" class="sidenote" href="https://github.com/apple/swift/blob/1f9da381dcdef98df2a7313d8729750cbac54f45/README.md#getting-started">[1]</a>
</td><td>90m</td></tr>
<tr><td><div style="width: 200px; height: 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #368cfd ;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td>V</td><td>< 10 MB
<a target="_blank" class="sidenote" href="https://github.com/vlang/vc/blob/master/v.c">[2]</a>
</td><td>1s</td></tr>
<tr><td><div style="width: 10px; height: 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #368cfd ;"></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="">
<p>Building V in 0.3 seconds and then using the resulting binary to build itself again:</p>
<a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvP6wmcl_Sc' target=_blank>
<img style="width: 90%; margin-left: 0" src='/img/youtube_comp_speed.png'>
</a>
<!--
<iframe width="448" height="252" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pvP6wmcl_Sc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-->
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<video looping="true" autoPlay muted src="/img/buildv.mp4" style="width: 80%; margin-left: 10%"></video>
-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="memory">
<div class="" style="width: 75%; margin-right: 20px; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2>Innovative and flexible memory management</h2>
<p>
V avoids doing unnecessary allocations in the first place
by using value types, string buffers, promoting a simple abstraction-free code style.
</p>
<p>
Right now allocations are handled by a minimal and well performing GC until V's autofree engine is production ready.
<p>
Autofree can be enabled with <code>-autofree</code>. It takes care of most objects (~90-100%):
the compiler inserts necessary free calls automatically during compilation.
Remaining small percentage of objects is freed via GC.
The developer doesn't need to change anything in their code. "It just works",
like in Python, Go, or Java, except there's no heavy GC tracing everything
or expensive RC for each object.
</p>
<p>
For developers willing to have more low level control, memory can be managed manually
<!--
autofree can be disabled
-->
with <code>-gc none</code>.
</p>
<!--
<p>
There's also an option to use GC for everything via <code>v -gc boehm</code>.
</p>
-->
<p>
Arena allocation is available via <code>v -prealloc</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>
V's autofree demo. All objects are freed during compilation. Running the Ved editor on an 8 MB file with 0 leaks:
</p>
<a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmB8ea8uLsM' target=_blank>
<img style="width: 90%; margin-left: 0" src='/img/youtube_compile_speed.png'>
</a>
<!--
<iframe width="448" height="252" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gmB8ea8uLsM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="" style="width: 70%; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2>C translation</h2>
<p>V can translate your entire C project and offer you the safety, simplicity, and compilation speed-up (via modules). </p>
<div style="display: flex">
<pre style="margin-right: 36px">v translate file.c
std::vector<std::string> s;
s.push_back("V is ");
s.push_back("awesome");
std::cout << s.size();</pre>
<pre>mut s := []
s << 'V is '
s << 'awesome'
println(s.len)</pre>
</div>
<p>
A blog post about translating DOOM will be published.<br/><br/>
<i>C++ to V translation is at an early stage.</i>
</p>
</div>
<div class="" style="width: 80%; margin-left: 0; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<p>
Translating DOOM from C to V and building it in under a second:
</p>
<a target=_blank href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oXrz3oRoEg'><img src="/img/doom.png" style="width: 80%; margin-left: 0"></a>
<p>
You can read translated code here:
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/doom'>github.com/vlang/doom</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="" style="width: 80%; margin-left: 0; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2>Hot code reloading</h2>
<p>
Get your changes instantly without recompiling.
<br /><br />
Since you also don't have to get to the state you are working on after every compilation, this can save a lot of precious minutes of your development time.
</p>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/tree/master/examples/hot_reload">github.com/.../examples/hot_reload</a>
</div>
<div class=""style="width: 80%; margin-left: 0">
<video looping="true" autoPlay muted src="/img/hot.mp4" style="width: 80%; margin-left: 10%"></video>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="" style="width: 75%; margin-right: 20px; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2>Powerful graphics libraries</h2>
<p>
Cross-platform drawing library built on top of GDI+/Cocoa Drawing, and an OpenGL based graphics library for more complex 2D/3D applications, that will also have the following features:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Loading complex 3D objects with textures</li>
<li>Camera (moving, looking around)</li>
<li>Skeletal animation</li>
</ul>
<p>DirectX, Vulkan, and Metal support is planned.</p>
<p>A simple example of the graphics library in action is <a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/examples/tetris">tetris.v</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="">
<img src="/img/gg.png" style="width: 60%; margin-left: 20%; border-radius: 10px;"></img>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="" style="width: 75%; margin-right: 20px; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2>Native cross-platform GUI library</h2>
<p>
Build native apps with native controls. You no longer need to embed a browser to develop cross-platform apps quickly.<br /><br />
V has a ui module that uses native GUI toolkits: WinAPI/GDI+ on Windows, Cocoa on macOS. On Linux custom drawing is used.<br /><br />
Coming soon:
</p>
<ul>
<li>a Delphi-like visual editor for building native GUI apps</li>
<li>iOS/Android support with native controls</li>
<li>a declarative API similar to SwiftUI and React Native</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://github.com/vlang/ui">github.com/vlang/ui</a></p>
</div>
<div class=""style="width: 70%; margin-left: 10%">
<p>
Volt, a 300 KB Slack client built with V and V ui:
</p>
<img src="https://volt-app.com/img/screen3.png" style="width: 100%;"></img>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="" style="width: 75%; margin-right: 20px; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2>Easy cross compilation</h2>
<p>
To cross compile your software simply run v -os windows. or v -os linux. No extra steps required, even for GUI and graphical apps!<br/><br/>
(Compiling macOS software only works on macOS for now.)
</p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p>
Building V for Windows using V for macOS, and then testing resulting v.exe on a Windows VM:
</p>
<video looping="true" autoPlay muted src="/img/vwin.mp4" style="width: 75%; margin-left: 20%;"></video>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>Code formatting with vfmt for consistent style</h2>
<p>
No more arguments about coding styles. There's one official coding style
enforced by the vfmt formatter.
</p>
<p>
All V code bases are guaranteed to use
the same style, making it easier to read and change code written by
other developers.
</p>
<pre>v fmt -w hello.v</pre>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>A built-in code profiler</h2>
<p>
Build and run your program with <pre>v -profile profile.txt x.v && ./x</pre> and
you'll get a detailed list for all function calls: number of calls, average time per
call, total time per call.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>JavaScript and WASM backends</h2>
<p>
V programs can be translated to JavaScript:
</p>
<pre>v -o hello.js hello.v</pre>
<p>
They can also be compiled to WASM (for now with Emscripten).
V compiler compiled to WASM and running V programs by translating them to JavaScript:
</p>
<p>
<a target=_blank href='https://v-wasm.vercel.app/'>v-wasm.vercel.app</a>
</p>
<p>A game written using V's graphical backend and compiled to WASM:</p>
<a target=_blank href='https://v2048.vercel.app/'>v2048</a>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Automatic documentation</h2>
<p>
Use vdoc to get instant documentation generated directly from
the module's source code. No need to keep and update separate documentation.
</p>
<pre>v doc os</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>Built-in testing framework</h2>
<p>
Writing tests is very easy: just start your test function with <code>test_</code>
<pre>
fn get_string() string { return 'hello' }
fn test_get_string() {
assert get_string() == 'hello'
}
<p>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Friendly error messages</h2>
<p>
Helpful error messages make learning the language and fixing errors simpler:
</p>
<pre>
user.v:8:14: error: `update_user` parameter `user` is mutable, you need to provide `mut`: `update_user(mut user)`
7 | mut user := User{}
8 | update_user(user)
| ~~~~
9 | }
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="" style="width: 75%; margin-right: 20px; align-self: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">
<h2>Powerful built-in web framework</h2>
<p>A simple yet powerful web server with built-in routing, parameter handling, templating, and other features.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/tree/master/vlib/vweb">Lean More Here</a></p>
<div class='codeblock' id="codeblock_12828032">
<div class='titlebar separator'>
<div class='flex'></div>
<a href="https://v-wasm.vercel.app" class='play-btn' id='codeblock_rb_06463216'><svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="play" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z"></path></svg> Run</a>
</div>
<pre style="background-color: transparent; border: none;"><div id="codeblock_hl_93987704">['/post/:id']
fn (b Blog) show_post(id int) vweb.Result {
post := b.posts_repo.retrieve(id) or {
return vweb.not_found()
}
return vweb.view(post)
}</div><textarea spellCheck="false" id="codeblock_ta_15447927" class="">['/post/:id']
fn (b Blog) show_post(id int) vweb.Result {
post := b.posts_repo.retrieve(id) or {
return vweb.not_found()
}
return vweb.view(post)
}</textarea></pre>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/vlang/gitly">Gitly</a>, a light and fast alternative to GitHub/GitLab is built in V and vweb.</p>
</div>
<img src="/img/gitly.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; display: block; border-radius: 10px; margin-left: 60px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="block" style="margin-top: 50px;">
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Built-in ORM</h1>
<p>
<div class='codeblock' id="codeblock_63253338" style="width: 75vw; height: 60vh; overflow-y: scroll; align-self: center; margin: 0 auto;">
<div class='titlebar separator'>
<div class='flex'></div>
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</div>
<pre style="background-color: transparent; border: none;"><div id="codeblock_hl_69524066" style="background-color: transparent; width: 50vw;">import sqlite
struct Customer {
id int
name string
nr_orders int
country string
}
fn main() {
db := sqlite.connect('example.sqlite') or {
panic('could not create/find example.sqlite')
}
nr_customers := sql db {
select count from Customer
}
println('number of all customers: $nr_customers')
// V syntax can be used to build queries
uk_customers := sql db {
select from Customer where country == 'uk' && nr_orders > 0
}
for customer in uk_customers {
println('$customer.id - $customer.name')
}
// by adding `limit 1` we tell V that there will be
// only one object
customer := sql db {
select from Customer where id == 1 limit 1
}
println(customer.name)
// insert a new customer
new_customer := Customer{name: 'Bob', nr_orders: 10}
sql db {
insert new_customer into Customer
}
}
</div><textarea spellCheck="false" id="codeblock_ta_60982598" class="">import sqlite
struct Customer {
id int
name string
nr_orders int
country string
}
fn main() {
db := sqlite.connect('example.sqlite') or {
panic('could not create/find example.sqlite')
}
nr_customers := sql db {
select count from Customer
}
println('number of all customers: $nr_customers')
// V syntax can be used to build queries
uk_customers := sql db {
select from Customer where country == 'uk' && nr_orders > 0
}
for customer in uk_customers {
println('$customer.id - $customer.name')
}
// by adding `limit 1` we tell V that there will be
// only one object
customer := sql db {
select from Customer where id == 1 limit 1
}
println(customer.name)
// insert a new customer
new_customer := Customer{name: 'Bob', nr_orders: 10}
sql db {
insert new_customer into Customer
}
}
</textarea></pre>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="section" style="flex-direction: row">
<div class="block">
<h1>Sponsors</h1>
<div style="margin-top: 16px">
<a target=_blank href="https://threefold.io/">
<img style="height: 200px" src="/img/sponsor_threefold.svg" />
</a>
<a target=_blank href="https://data.mx.com/">
<img style="height: 200px" src="/img/sponsor_mx.png" />
</a>
<a target=_blank href="https://syndica.io/">
<img style="height:200px; margin-left: 20px;" src="/img/sponsor_syndica.jpg?1" />
</a>
<a target=_blank href="https://chipnetics.com/">
<img style="height: 200px" src="/img/sponsor_chipnetics.svg" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="https://github.com/sponsors/medvednikov" target=_blank style=" text-align: center">
Become a sponsor via GitHub Sponsors
</a>
<div id='builtinv' class="section" style="flex-direction: column">
<div class="block" style=" padding: 20px; width: auto;">
<h1 style="text-align: center; font-size: 2.5rem; font-weight: 900;">Built in <span>V</span></h1>
<div class="built-in-v">
<div class="first">
<h2>V</h2>
<p>V itself is written in V.</p>
</div>
<div class="second">
<a href="https://volt-app.com/"><h2>Volt</h2></a>
<p>Native desktop client for Slack, Skype, Matrix, Telegram, Twitch and many more services.</p>
</div>
<div class="first">
<!--
<h2>Filey</h2>
<p>Cross-platform file manager with Miller Columns and built-in selective sync with major cloud platforms.</p>
-->
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/vinix"><h2>Vinix</h2></a>
<p>A minimalistic open-source OS that can already run Bash, GCC, and V.</p>
</div>
<div class="second">
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/ved"><h2>Ved</h2></a>
<p>Open-source 1 MB editor with the performance of Sublime Text.</p>
</div>
<div class="first">
<a href="https://github.com/elliotchance/vsql"><h2>vsql</h2></a>
<p>A single-file SQL database written in pure V with no dependencies.</p>
</div>
<div class="second">
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/coreutils"><h2>coreutils in V</h2></a>
<p>Programs equivalent to GNU coreutils, written 100% in V. </p>
</div>
<div class="first">
<a target=_blank href="https://github.com/vlang/c2v"><h2>C to V translator</h2></a>
<p>This tool can already translate entire original DOOM. C++ support is planned as well. It does full automatic conversion to human readable code.</p>
</div>
<div class="second">
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/ui"><h2>V UI</h2></a>
<p>Cross-platform widget toolkit using native APIs.</p>
</div>
<div class="first">
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/gitly"><h2>Gitly</h2></a>
<p>Open-source light and fast alternative to GitHub/GitLab.</p>
</div>
<div class="second">
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/vorum"><h2>Vorum</h2></a>
<p>Right now it's very basic forum/blogging software, but in the future it will be a full featured light alternative to Discourse.<br>The V forum runs on Vorum.</p>