Add new exercises on type hinting

Also fixed issue bregman-arie#2 regarding missing class exercise.

Author: abregman

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 :information_source:  This repo contains questions and exercises to learn and practice Python
 
-:bar_chart:  There are currently **70** exercises and questions
+:bar_chart:  There are currently **80** exercises and questions
 
 # Python Exercises
 
@@ -79,11 +79,18 @@
 | Access List Items | [Exercise](exercises/hello_world/access_list_items.md) | [Solution](solutions/hello_world/access_list_items.md) | |
 | Equal Lists | [Exercise](exercises/lists/equal_lists.md) | [Solution](solutions/lists/equal_lists.md) | |
 | Length | [Exercise](exercises/hello_world/length.md) | | |
+| Append & Insert | [Exercise](exercises/lists/append_and_insert.md) | [Solution](solutions/lists/append_and_insert.md) | |
 | Min Max | [Exercise](exercises/lists/min_max.md) | [Solution](solutions/lists/min_max.md) | |
 | Three Biggest Items | [Exercise](exercises/lists/three_biggest_items.md) | [Solution](solutions/lists/three_biggest_items.md) | |
 | What is the result? - Level 1 | [Exercise](exercises/lists/what_is_the_result_lvl_1.md) | [Solution](solutions/lists/what_is_the_result_lvl_1.md) | |
 | What is the result? - Level 2 | [Exercise](exercises/lists/what_is_the_result_lvl_2.md) | [Solution](solutions/lists/what_is_the_result_lvl_2.md) | |
 
+## Dictionaries
+
+|Name|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|
+|--------|--------|------|----|
+| Facts Only | [Exercise](exercises/dicts/facts_only.md) | [Solution](solutions/dict/facts_only.md) | |
+
 ## Loops
 
 |Name|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|
@@ -164,6 +171,15 @@
 | Walrus | [Exercise](exercises/improve_the_code/walrus.md) | [Solution](solutions/improve_the_code/walrus.md) | |
 | Vowel Letters | [Exercise](exercises/improve_the_code/vowel_letters.md) | [Solution](solutions/improve_the_code/vowel_letters.md) | |
 
+## Type Hinting
+
+|Name|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|
+|--------|--------|------|----|
+| Type Hinting Facts Only | [Exercise](exercises/type_hinting/facts_only.md) | [Solution](solutions/type_hinting/facts_only.md) | |
+| Pros & Cons | [Exercise](exercises/type_hinting/pros_and_cons.md) | [Solution](solutions/type_hinting/pros_and_cons.md) | |
+| Type Hinting 101 | [Exercise](exercises/type_hinting/type_hinting_101.md) | [Solution](solutions/type_hinting/type_hinting_101.md) | |
+| Type Hinting 102 | [Exercise](exercises/type_hinting/type_hinting_102.md) | [Solution](solutions/type_hinting/type_hinting_102.md) | |
+
 ## Misc
 
 |Name|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|

exercises/classes/attributes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Attributes
+
+Explain class attributes vs. instance attributes

exercises/lists/append_and_insert.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+## Append & Insert
+
+1. Given the list `li = [2, 0, 2, 2]`
+
+    1. Append to the end of the list the number 7
+    2. Insert to the beginning of the list the number 1
+    3. Insert in the second place the number 20
+
+2. What will be the result of running the following line? `li.insert(20, 0)`
+
+### Solution
+
+Click [here](solutions/lists/append_and_insert.md) to view the solution.

exercises/lists/what_is_the_result_lvl_1.md

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 ## What is the result?
 
-1. What is the result of the following block of code?
-
-```python
-x = ['a', 'b', 'c']
-for i in x:
-    if i == 'b':
-        x = ['z', 'y']
-    print(i)
-```
+1. `'x = 'pizza,';print(x)`
+2. `x = ('pizza',);print(x)`
+3. `x = ('pizza');print(x)`
+4. `x = 'pizza', 'pasta';print(x)`
+5. `print(list('hello')`
+6. `print('/n\n/n/n'.split())`
+7. `(1, 2) < (1, 2, 3)`
 
 ### Solution
 

exercises/type_hinting/facts_only.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+## Facts Only
+
+Which of the following statements regarding type hinting is true?
+
+1. Type hinting is a special syntax used in functions and variables declarations to provide the developer with the information on the type of the variable
+2. Type Hinting is a fairly new feature of Python, introduced in Python 3
+3. Python enforces type hints meaning you can set a variable with the type hint of string with an integer value

exercises/type_hinting/pros_and_cons.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Pros and Cons
+
+Specify some of the pros and cons of Type Hinting

exercises/type_hinting/type_hinting_101.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## Type Hinting 101
+
+Apply type hinting for each one of the following variables:
+
+1. `x` is a string
+2. `y` is an integer
+3. `z` is a list of strings
+4. `omela` is a function that takes two arguments, both strings and it also returns a string

exercises/type_hinting/type_hinting_102.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## Type Hinting 102
+
+Apply type hinting for each one of the following variables:
+
+1. `abc` is a list of of two integers
+2. `qwery` is dictionary where the keys are string and values are integers
+3. `elmer` is None but at some point may set as a string
+4. `norie` is a variable containing a function that takes two integer arguments and returns a string

exercises/variables/types.md

@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@
 1. How to check the type of a variable in Python?
 2. How to check if a variable points to an object of an integer type?
 3. How to check type of a literal?
+4. What `is` operator is used for?
+5. if `x = "str"`, what would be the result of `x is str`?

solutions/classes/attributes.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-## Attributes
+## Attributes - Solution
 
 Explain class attributes vs. instance attributes
 

solutions/lists/append_and_insert.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+## Append & Insert
+
+1. Given the list `li = [2, 0, 2, 2]`
+
+    1. Append to the end of the list the number 7
+    2. Insert to the beginning of the list the number 1
+    3. Insert in the second place the number 20
+
+2. What will be the result of running the following line? `li.insert(20, 0)`
+
+### Solution
+
+1. 
+    1. `li.append(7)`
+    2. `li.insert(0, 1)`
+    3. `li.insert(1, 20)`
+
+2. It will append 0 to the end of the list

solutions/lists/what_is_the_result_lvl_1.md

@@ -4,10 +4,16 @@
 2. `x = ('pizza',);print(x)`
 3. `x = ('pizza');print(x)`
 4. `x = 'pizza', 'pasta';print(x)`
+5. `print(list('hello')`
+6. `print('/n\n/n/n'.split())`
+7. `(1, 2) < (1, 2, 3)`
 
 ### Solution
 
 1. `pizza,`
 2. `('pizza')`
 3. `pizza`
 4. `('pizza', 'pasta')`
+5. `['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']`
+6. `['/n', '/n/n']`
+7. `True`

solutions/type_hinting/facts_only.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## Facts Only - Solution
+
+Which of the following statements regarding type hinting is true?
+
+1. Type hinting is a special syntax used in functions and variables declarations to provide the developer with the information on the type of the variable - True
+2. Type Hinting is a fairly new feature of Python, introduced in Python 3 - True. It was introduced with Python 3.5 to be accurate
+3. Python enforces type hints meaning you can set a variable with the type hint of string with an integer value - False. Python doesn't enforce type hints, meaning you can still change the variable type even with specific type hint
+

solutions/type_hinting/pros_and_cons.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+## Pros and Cons - Solution
+
+Specify some of the pros and cons of Type Hinting
+
+### Solution
+
+Pros:
+  * Enhance IDE experience by receiving feedback (warnings, notifications, ...) on how the code is written
+  * Improves code documentation
+Cons:
+  * Requires investment (like time) which could perhaps be used for other aspects of the project
+  * While minor in most cases, might have effect on the time it takes your code to run

solutions/type_hinting/type_hinting_101.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+## Type Hinting 101 - Solution
+
+Apply type hinting for each one of the following variables:
+
+1. `x` is a string
+2. `y` is an integer
+3. `z` is a list of strings
+4. `omela` is a function that takes two arguments, both strings and it also returns a string
+
+### Solution
+
+1. `x: str`
+2. `y: int`
+3.
+
+```python
+from typing import List
+z: List[str]
+```
+
+4.
+```python
+def omela(x: str, y: str) -> str:
+    ...
+```

solutions/type_hinting/type_hinting_102.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+## Type Hinting 102 - Solution
+
+Apply type hinting for each one of the following variables:
+
+1. `abc` is a list of of two integers
+2. `qwery` is dictionary where the keys are string and values are integers
+3. `elmer` is None but at some point may set as a string
+4. `norie` is a variable containing a function that takes two integer arguments and returns a string
+
+### Solution
+
+1.
+```
+from typing import List
+
+abc: List[int, int]
+```
+
+2.
+```
+from typing import Dict
+
+abc: Dict[str, int]
+```
+
+3. 
+```
+from typing import Optional
+
+elmer: Optional[str]
+```
+
+4.
+```
+from typing import Callable
+
+norie: Callable[[int, int], str]
+```

solutions/variables/types.md

@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
 1. How to check the type of a variable in Python?
 2. How to check if a variable points to an object of an integer type?
 3. How to check type of a literal?
+4. What `is` operator is used for?
+5. if `x = "str"`, what would be the result of `x is str`?
 
 ### Solution
 
 1. `type(some_var)`
 2. `isinstance(some_var, int)`
 3. Same way: `type(2017)` and `isinstance(2022, int)`
+4. `is` operator is used to check if two variables/values are located on the same memory area
+5. `False` since it checks if x and str type are on the same memory area and it's not)