dnsdist: implement simple packet shuffle in cache

The shuffle is implementing by directly swapping
pieces of RData memory in a single RRSet.

Signed-off-by: Karel Bilek <kb@karelbilek.com>

Author: karelbilek

pdns/dnsdistdist/dnsdist-cache.cc

@@ -329,6 +329,12 @@ bool DNSDistPacketCache::get(DNSQuestion& dnsQuestion, uint16_t queryId, uint32_
     }
   }
 
+  if (d_settings.d_shuffle) {
+    dnsheader_aligned dh_aligned(response.data());
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
+    shuffleDNSPacket(reinterpret_cast<char*>(response.data()), response.size(), dh_aligned);
+  }
+
   ++d_hits;
   return true;
 }

pdns/dnsdistdist/dnsdist-cache.hh

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ public:
     bool d_deferrableInsertLock{true};
     bool d_parseECS{false};
     bool d_keepStaleData{false};
+    bool d_shuffle{false};
   };
 
   DNSDistPacketCache(CacheSettings settings);

pdns/dnsdistdist/dnsdist-configuration-yaml.cc

@@ -1156,6 +1156,7 @@ bool loadConfigurationFromFile(const std::string& fileName, [[maybe_unused]] boo
         .d_deferrableInsertLock = cache.deferrable_insert_lock,
         .d_parseECS = cache.parse_ecs,
         .d_keepStaleData = cache.keep_stale_data,
+        .d_shuffle = cache.shuffle,
       };
       std::unordered_set<uint16_t> ranks;
       for (const auto& option : cache.options_to_skip) {

pdns/dnsdistdist/dnsdist-console-completion.cc

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ static std::vector<dnsdist::console::completion::ConsoleKeyword> s_consoleKeywor
   {"newLMDBKVStore", true, "fname, dbName [, noLock]", "Return a new KeyValueStore object associated to the corresponding LMDB database"},
 #endif
   {"newNMG", true, "", "Returns a NetmaskGroup"},
-  {"newPacketCache", true, "maxEntries[, maxTTL=86400, minTTL=0, temporaryFailureTTL=60, staleTTL=60, dontAge=false, numberOfShards=1, deferrableInsertLock=true, options={}]", "return a new Packet Cache"},
+  {"newPacketCache", true, "maxEntries[, maxTTL=86400, minTTL=0, temporaryFailureTTL=60, staleTTL=60, dontAge=false, shuffle=false, numberOfShards=1, deferrableInsertLock=true, options={}]", "return a new Packet Cache"},
   {"newQPSLimiter", true, "rate, burst", "configure a QPS limiter with that rate and that burst capacity"},
   {"newRemoteLogger", true, "address:port [, timeout=2, maxQueuedEntries=100, reconnectWaitTime=1]", "create a Remote Logger object, to use with `RemoteLogAction()` and `RemoteLogResponseAction()`"},
   {"newRuleAction", true, R"(DNS rule, DNS action [, {uuid="UUID", name="name"}])", "return a pair of DNS Rule and DNS Action, to be used with `setRules()`"},

pdns/dnsdistdist/dnsdist-lua-bindings-packetcache.cc

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ void setupLuaBindingsPacketCache(LuaContext& luaCtx, bool client)
     getOptionalValue<bool>(vars, "deferrableInsertLock", settings.d_deferrableInsertLock);
     getOptionalValue<bool>(vars, "dontAge", settings.d_dontAge);
     getOptionalValue<bool>(vars, "keepStaleData", settings.d_keepStaleData);
+    getOptionalValue<bool>(vars, "shuffle", settings.d_shuffle);
     getOptionalValue<size_t>(vars, "maxNegativeTTL", settings.d_maxNegativeTTL);
     getOptionalValue<size_t>(vars, "maxTTL", settings.d_maxTTL);
     getOptionalValue<size_t>(vars, "minTTL", settings.d_minTTL);

pdns/dnsdistdist/dnsdist-settings-definitions.yml

@@ -1910,6 +1910,10 @@ packet_cache:
       type: "bool"
       default: "false"
       description: "Whether to suspend the removal of expired entries from the cache when there is no backend available in at least one of the pools using this cache"
+    - name: "shuffle"
+      type: "bool"
+      default: "false"
+      description: "Whether to shuffle records in the cache."
     - name: "max_negative_ttl"
       type: "u32"
       default: "3600"

pdns/dnsdistdist/docs/guides/cache.rst

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Caching Responses
 It is enabled per-pool, but the same cache can be shared between several pools.
 The first step is to define a cache with :func:`newPacketCache`, then to assign that cache to the chosen pool, the default one being represented by the empty string::
 
-  pc = newPacketCache(10000, {maxTTL=86400, minTTL=0, temporaryFailureTTL=60, staleTTL=60, dontAge=false})
+  pc = newPacketCache(10000, {maxTTL=86400, minTTL=0, temporaryFailureTTL=60, staleTTL=60, dontAge=false, shuffle=false})
   getPool(""):setCache(pc)
 
 + The first parameter (10000) is the maximum number of entries stored in the cache, and is the only one required. All the other parameters are optional and in seconds, except the last one which is a boolean.
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ The equivalent ``yaml`` configuration would be:
       temporary_failure_ttl: 60
       state_ttl: 60
       dont_age: false
+      shuffle: false
   pools:
     - name: ""
       packet_cache: "pc"

pdns/dnsdistdist/docs/reference/config.rst

@@ -1032,6 +1032,7 @@ See :doc:`../guides/cache` for a how to.
   :param bool deferrableInsertLock: Whether the cache should give up insertion if the lock is held by another thread, or simply wait to get the lock
   :param int maxNegativeTTL: Cache a NXDomain or NoData answer from the backend for at most this amount of seconds, even if the TTL of the SOA record is higher
   :param bool parseECS: Whether any EDNS Client Subnet option present in the query should be extracted and stored to be able to detect hash collisions involving queries with the same qname, qtype and qclass but a different incoming ECS value. Enabling this option adds a parsing cost and only makes sense if at least one backend might send different responses based on the ECS value, so it's disabled by default
+  :param bool shuffle: Whether A and AAAA records should be shuffled when serving from cache, for load-balancing. The cache might not be always shuffled when the results are too complex.
 
 .. function:: newPacketCache(maxEntries, [options]) -> PacketCache
 
@@ -1074,6 +1075,7 @@ See :doc:`../guides/cache` for a how to.
   * ``skipOptions={}``: Extra list of EDNS option codes to skip when hashing the packet (if ``cookieHashing`` above is false, EDNS cookie option number will be added to this list internally).
   * ``maximumEntrySize=4096``: int - The maximum size, in bytes, of a DNS packet that can be inserted into the packet cache. Default is 4096 bytes, which was the fixed size before 1.9.0, and is also a hard limit for UDP responses.
   * ``payloadRanks={}``: List of payload size used when hashing the packet. The list will be sorted in ascending order and searched to find a lower bound value for the payload size in the packet. If found then it will be used for packet hashing. Values less than 512 or greater than ``maximumEntrySize`` above will be discarded. This option is to enable cache entry sharing between clients using different payload sizes when needed.
+  * ``shuffle=false``: bool - Whether A and AAAA records should be shuffled when serving from cache, for load-balancing. The cache might not be always shuffled when the results are too complex.
 
 .. class:: PacketCache
 

pdns/dnsdistdist/test-dnsdistpacketcache_cc.cc

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_PacketCacheSharded)
     .d_staleTTL = 60,
     .d_shardCount = 10,
     .d_dontAge = false,
+    .d_shuffle = false,
   };
   DNSDistPacketCache localCache(settings);
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(localCache.getSize(), 0U);
@@ -872,6 +873,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_PCCollision)
     .d_dontAge = false,
     .d_deferrableInsertLock = true,
     .d_parseECS = true,
+    .d_shuffle = false,
   };
   DNSDistPacketCache localCache(settings);
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(localCache.getSize(), 0U);
@@ -1012,6 +1014,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_PCDNSSECCollision)
     .d_dontAge = false,
     .d_deferrableInsertLock = true,
     .d_parseECS = true,
+    .d_shuffle = false,
   };
   DNSDistPacketCache localCache(settings);
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(localCache.getSize(), 0U);

pdns/dnsparser.cc

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
 #include <boost/format.hpp>
 
+#include "dns_random.hh"
 #include "namespaces.hh"
 #include "noinitvector.hh"
 
@@ -985,6 +986,86 @@ void ageDNSPacket(std::string& packet, uint32_t seconds, const dnsheader_aligned
   ageDNSPacket(packet.data(), packet.length(), seconds, aligned_dh);
 }
 
+void shuffleDNSPacket(char* packet, size_t length, const dnsheader_aligned& aligned_dh)
+{
+  if (length < sizeof(dnsheader)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  try {
+    DNSPacketMangler dpm(packet, length);
+    const dnsheader* dhp = aligned_dh.get();
+    const uint16_t ancount = ntohs(dhp->ancount);
+    if (ancount == 1) {
+      // quick exit, nothing to shuffle
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const uint16_t qdcount = ntohs(dhp->qdcount);
+
+    for(size_t iter = 0; iter < qdcount; ++iter) {
+      dpm.skipDomainName();
+      /* type and class */
+      dpm.skipBytes(4);
+    }
+
+    // for now shuffle only first rrset, only As and AAAAs
+    uint16_t rrset_type = 0;
+    DNSName rrset_dnsname = DNSName();
+    std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> rrdata_indexes;
+    rrdata_indexes.reserve(ancount);
+
+    for(size_t iter = 0; iter < ancount; ++iter) {
+      auto domain_start = dpm.getOffset();
+      dpm.skipDomainName();
+      const uint16_t dnstype = dpm.get16BitInt();
+      if (dnstype == QType::A || dnstype == QType::AAAA) {
+        if (rrdata_indexes.size() == 0) {
+          rrset_type = dnstype;
+          rrset_dnsname = DNSName(packet, length, domain_start, true);
+        } else {
+          if (dnstype != rrset_type) {
+            break;
+          }
+          if (DNSName(packet, length, domain_start, true) != rrset_dnsname) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        /* class */
+        dpm.skipBytes(2);
+
+        /* ttl */
+        dpm.skipBytes(4);
+        rrdata_indexes.push_back(dpm.skipAndReturnIndexesRData());
+      } else {
+        if (rrdata_indexes.size() != 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+        /* class */
+        dpm.skipBytes(2);
+
+        /* ttl */
+        dpm.skipBytes(4);
+        dpm.skipRData();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (rrdata_indexes.size() >= 2) {
+      using uid = std::uniform_int_distribution<std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>>::size_type>;
+      uid dist;
+
+      pdns::dns_random_engine randomEngine;
+      for (auto swapped = rrdata_indexes.size() - 1; swapped > 0; --swapped) {
+        auto swapped_with = dist(randomEngine, uid::param_type(0, swapped));
+        if (swapped != swapped_with) {
+          dpm.swapInPlace(rrdata_indexes[swapped], rrdata_indexes[swapped_with]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  catch(...) {
+  }
+}
+
 uint32_t getDNSPacketMinTTL(const char* packet, size_t length, bool* seenAuthSOA)
 {
   uint32_t result = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();