+ 'Campeche Escarpment Eddies are deep anticyclonic vortices with no surface expression recently discovered in the deep Gulf of Mexico. The properties of these coherent eddies and the conditions that lead to their formation are studied using a 20-year numerical simulation. This simulation captures the main circulation features of the region and, more importantly, it can reproduce these eddies. Three to five eddies are formed annually, traveling west up to 800 km at average speeds of ~ 3 km dy−1. These eddies extend from the bottom up to 1000m and have average radii of ~ 14 km, orbital velocities ~ 7 cm s−1, Rossby numbers ~ 0.2 and lifetimes over 100 days. Conditions leading to their generation are an intensification of the prograde flow (coast to the right) over the continental slope, anticyclonic vorticity production, separation of the flow from the slope as it passes a cape-canyon feature, the subsequent growth of an anticyclonic vorticity band towards the abyssal plain which, after becoming barotropically unstable, breaks and detaches Campeche Escarpment Eddies. The intensity of the vorticity production is related to the strength of the upstream flow. The intensification of the along-slope flow upstream of the cape is due to the confluence of abyssal circulation features, including deep cyclonic eddies, with the deep cyclonic boundary current that flows along the continental slope. The Campeche Escarpment Eddies are presumably responsible for the high eddy kinetic energy in the northern Sigsbee abyssal plain, and hence, are expected to be important in the dynamics of the deep western Gulf.',
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