Modular-Programming-with-Python

Modular-Programming-with-Python Code

Author: patilbharat7

chapter-1/animals/__init__.py

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+# Package initialization file.

chapter-1/animals/cat.py

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+# cat.py
+
+def speak():
+    print("meow")
+

chapter-1/animals/cow.py

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+# cow.py
+
+def speak():
+    print("moo")
+

chapter-1/animals/dog.py

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+# dog.py
+
+def speak():
+    print("woof")
+

chapter-1/animals/horse.py

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+# dog.py
+
+def speak():
+    print("neigh")
+

chapter-1/animals/sheep.py

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+# dog.py
+
+def speak():
+    print("baa")
+

chapter-1/cache/cache.py

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+# cache.py
+
+import datetime
+
+MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 100 # Maximum number of entries in the cache.
+
+#############################################################################
+
+def init():
+    global _cache
+    _cache = {} # Maps key to (timestamp, value) tuple.
+
+
+def set(key, value):
+    global _cache
+    if key not in _cache and len(_cache) >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE:
+        _remove_oldest_entry()
+    _cache[key] = [datetime.datetime.now(), value]
+
+
+def get(key):
+    global _cache
+    if key in _cache:
+        _cache[key][0] = datetime.datetime.now()
+        return _cache[key][1]
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def contains(key):
+    global _cache
+    return key in _cache
+
+
+def size():
+    global _cache
+    return len(_cache)
+
+#############################################################################
+
+# Private functions:
+
+def _remove_oldest_entry():
+    global _cache
+    oldest = None
+    for key in _cache.keys():
+        if oldest == None:
+            oldest = key
+        elif _cache[key][0] < _cache[oldest][0]:
+            oldest = key
+
+    if oldest != None:
+        del _cache[oldest]
+

chapter-1/cache/test_cache.py

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+# test_cache.py
+
+import random
+import string
+import cache
+
+def random_string(length):
+    s = ''
+    for i in range(length):
+        s = s + random.choice(string.ascii_letters)
+    return s
+
+cache.init()
+
+for n in range(1000):
+    while True:
+        key = random_string(20)
+        if cache.contains(key):
+            continue
+        else:
+            break
+    value = random_string(20)
+    cache.set(key, value)
+    print("After {} iterations, cache has {} entries".format(n+1, cache.size()))
+

chapter-1/shaghetti/config.ini

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+# Configuration file for the spaghetti.py program.
+
+[config]
+
+num_data_points=10
+

chapter-1/shaghetti/spaghetti.py

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+# spaghetti.py -- an example of bad coding.
+
+import configparser
+
+def load_config():
+    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    config.read("config.ini")
+    return config['config']
+
+def get_data_from_user():
+    config = load_config()
+    data = []
+    for n in range(config.getint('num_data_points')):
+        value = input("Data point {}: ".format(n+1))
+        data.append(value)
+    return data
+
+def print_results(results):
+    for value,num_times in results:
+        print("{} = {}".format(value, num_times))
+
+def analyze_data():
+    data = get_data_from_user()
+    results = {}
+    for value in data:
+        try:
+            results[value] = results[value] + 1
+        except KeyError:
+            results[value] = 1
+    return results
+
+def sort_results(results):
+    sorted_results = []
+    for value in results.keys():
+        sorted_results.append((value, results[value]))
+    sorted_results.sort()
+    return sorted_results
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    results = analyze_data()
+    sorted_results = sort_results(results)
+    print_results(sorted_results)
+