PHPOffice · oleibman · Sep 17, 2025 · Aug 22, 2025 · Aug 26, 2025 · Aug 26, 2025
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org). Thia is a
 - Php8.5 deprecates use of null as array index. [PR #4634](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4634)
 - For Php8.5, replace one of our two uses of `__wakeup` with `__unserialize`, and eliminate the other. [PR #4639](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4639)
 - Use prefix _xlfn for BASE function. [Issue #4638](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/4638) [PR #4641](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4641)
+- Additional support for union and intersection. [PR #4596](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4596)
 
 ## 2025-09-03 - 5.1.0
 

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php
@@ -1095,6 +1095,10 @@ private function internalParseFormula(string $formula, ?Cell $cell = null): bool
             $this->branchPruner->initialiseForLoop();
 
             $opCharacter = $formula[$index]; //    Get the first character of the value at the current index position
+            if ($opCharacter === "\xe2") { // intersection or union
+                $opCharacter .= $formula[++$index];
+                $opCharacter .= $formula[++$index];
+            }
 
             // Check for two-character operators (e.g. >=, <=, <>)
             if ((isset(self::COMPARISON_OPERATORS[$opCharacter])) && (strlen($formula) > $index) && isset($formula[$index + 1], self::COMPARISON_OPERATORS[$formula[$index + 1]])) {
@@ -1115,7 +1119,7 @@ private function internalParseFormula(string $formula, ?Cell $cell = null): bool
                 ++$index;
             } elseif ($opCharacter === '+' && !$expectingOperator) {            //    Positive (unary plus rather than binary operator plus) can be discarded?
                 ++$index; //    Drop the redundant plus symbol
-            } elseif ((($opCharacter === '~') || ($opCharacter === '∩') || ($opCharacter === '∪')) && (!$isOperandOrFunction)) {
+            } elseif ((($opCharacter === '~') /*|| ($opCharacter === '∩') || ($opCharacter === '∪')*/) && (!$isOperandOrFunction)) {
                 //    We have to explicitly deny a tilde, union or intersect because they are legal
                 return $this->raiseFormulaError("Formula Error: Illegal character '~'"); //        on the stack but not in the input expression
             } elseif ((isset(self::CALCULATION_OPERATORS[$opCharacter]) || $isOperandOrFunction) && $expectingOperator) {    //    Are we putting an operator on the stack?
@@ -1233,6 +1237,15 @@ private function internalParseFormula(string $formula, ?Cell $cell = null): bool
                     // MS Excel allows this if the content is cell references; but doesn't allow actual values,
                     //    but at this point, we can't differentiate (so allow both)
                     return $this->raiseFormulaError('Formula Error: Unexpected ,');
+                    /* The following code may be a better choice, but, with
+                       the other changes for this PR, I can no longer come up
+                       with a test case that gets here
+                    $stack->push('Binary Operator', '∪');
+
+                    ++$index;
+                    $expectingOperator = false;
+
+                    continue;*/
                 }
 
                 /** @var array<string, int> $d */
@@ -1927,6 +1940,14 @@ private function processTokenStack(false|array $tokens, ?string $cellID = null,
                             $stack->push('Value', $cellIntersect, $cellRef);
                         }
 
+                        break;
+                    case '∪':            //    union
+                        /** @var mixed[][] $operand1 */
+                        /** @var mixed[][] $operand2 */
+                        $cellUnion = array_merge($operand1, $operand2);
+                        $this->debugLog->writeDebugLog('Evaluation Result is %s', $this->showTypeDetails($cellUnion));
+                        $stack->push('Value', $cellUnion, 'A1');
+
                         break;
                 }
             } elseif (($token === '~') || ($token === '%')) {
@@ -2792,6 +2813,14 @@ private function evaluateDefinedName(Cell $cell, DefinedName $namedRange, Worksh
 
         $definedNameValue = $namedRange->getValue();
         $definedNameType = $namedRange->isFormula() ? 'Formula' : 'Range';
+        if ($definedNameType === 'Range') {
+            if (preg_match('/^(.*!)?(.*)$/', $definedNameValue, $matches) === 1) {
+                $matches2 = trim($matches[2]);
+                $matches2 = preg_replace('/ +/', ' ∩ ', $matches2) ?? $matches2;
+                $matches2 = preg_replace('/,/', ' ∪ ', $matches2) ?? $matches2;
+                $definedNameValue = $matches[1] . $matches2;
+            }
+        }
         $definedNameWorksheet = $namedRange->getWorksheet();
 
         if ($definedNameValue[0] !== '=') {

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Cell/Cell.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Cell/Cell.php
@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@ public function getCalculatedValue(bool $resetLog = true): mixed
                 }
                 $newColumn = $this->getColumn();
                 if (is_array($result)) {
+                    $result = self::convertSpecialArray($result);
                     $this->formulaAttributes['t'] = 'array';
                     $this->formulaAttributes['ref'] = $maxCoordinate = $coordinate;
                     $newRow = $row = $this->getRow();
@@ -581,6 +582,36 @@ public function getCalculatedValue(bool $resetLog = true): mixed
         return $this->convertDateTimeInt($this->value);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convert array like the following (preserve values, lose indexes):
+     * [
+     *   rowNumber1 => [colLetter1 => value, colLetter2 => value ...],
+     *   rowNumber2 => [colLetter1 => value, colLetter2 => value ...],
+     *   ...
+     * ].
+     *
+     * @param mixed[] $array
+     *
+     * @return mixed[]
+     */
+    private static function convertSpecialArray(array $array): array
+    {
+        $newArray = [];
+        foreach ($array as $rowIndex => $row) {
+            if (!is_int($rowIndex) || $rowIndex <= 0 || !is_array($row)) {
+                return $array;
+            }
+            $keys = array_keys($row);
+            $key0 = $keys[0] ?? '';
+            if (!is_string($key0)) {
+                return $array;
+            }
+            $newArray[] = array_values($row);
+        }
+
+        return $newArray;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Set old calculated value (cached).
      *

diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Engine/RangeTest.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Engine/RangeTest.php
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 
 class RangeTest extends TestCase
 {
-    private string $incompleteMessage = 'Must be revisited';
-
     private ?Spreadsheet $spreadSheet = null;
 
     protected function getSpreadsheet(): Spreadsheet
@@ -162,9 +160,6 @@ public static function providerUTF8NamedRangeEvaluation(): array
     #[DataProvider('providerCompositeNamedRangeEvaluation')]
     public function testCompositeNamedRangeEvaluation(string $composite, int $expectedSum, int $expectedCount): void
     {
-        if ($this->incompleteMessage !== '') {
-            self::markTestIncomplete($this->incompleteMessage);
-        }
         $this->spreadSheet = $this->getSpreadsheet();
 
         $workSheet = $this->spreadSheet->getActiveSheet();
@@ -182,17 +177,47 @@ public function testCompositeNamedRangeEvaluation(string $composite, int $expect
     public static function providerCompositeNamedRangeEvaluation(): array
     {
         return [
-            //  Calculation engine doesn't yet handle union ranges with overlap
             'Union with overlap' => [
-                'A1:C1,A3:C3,B1:C3',
-                63,
+                '$A$1:$C$1,$A$3:$C$3,$B$1:$C$3',
+                99,
                 12,
             ],
             'Union and Intersection' => [
-                'A1:C1,A3:C3 B1:C3',
-                23,
+                '$A$1:$C$1,$A$3:$C$3 $B$1:$C$3',
+                35,
                 5,
             ],
         ];
     }
+
+    public function testIntersectCellFormula(): void
+    {
+        $this->spreadSheet = $this->getSpreadsheet();
+
+        $sheet = $this->spreadSheet->getActiveSheet();
+        $array = [
+            [null, 'Planets', 'Lives', 'Babies'],
+            ['Batman', 5, 10, 4],
+            ['Superman', 4, 56, 34],
+            ['Spiderman', 23, 45, 67],
+            ['Hulk', 12, 34, 58],
+            ['Steve', 10, 34, 78],
+        ];
+        $sheet->fromArray($array, null, 'A3', true);
+        $this->spreadSheet->addNamedRange(new NamedRange('Hulk', $sheet, '$B$7:$D$7'));
+        $this->spreadSheet->addNamedRange(new NamedRange('Planets', $sheet, '$B$4:$B$8'));
+        $this->spreadSheet->addNamedRange(new NamedRange('Intersect', $sheet, '$A$6:$D$6 $C$4:$C$8'));
+        $this->spreadSheet->addNamedRange(new NamedRange('SupHulk', $sheet, '$B$5:$D$5,$B$7:$D$7'));
+
+        $sheet->setCellValue('F1', '=Intersect');
+        $sheet->setCellValue('F2', '=SUM(SupHulk)');
+        $sheet->setCellValue('F3', '=Planets Hulk');
+        $sheet->setCellValue('F4', '=B4:D4 B4:C5');
+
+        $this->spreadSheet->returnArrayAsArray();
+        self::assertSame(45, $sheet->getCell('F1')->getCalculatedValue());
+        self::assertSame(198, $sheet->getCell('F2')->getCalculatedValue());
+        self::assertSame(12, $sheet->getCell('F3')->getCalculatedValue());
+        self::assertSame([[5, 10]], $sheet->getCell('F4')->getCalculatedValue());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Cell/ConvertSpecialArrayTest.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Cell/ConvertSpecialArrayTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Cell;
+
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Cell\Cell;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use ReflectionMethod;
+
+class ConvertSpecialArrayTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @param mixed[] $expected
+     * @param mixed[] $inArray
+     */
+    #[DataProvider('providerSpecialArrays')]
+    public function testConvertSpecialArray(array $expected, array $inArray): void
+    {
+        $reflectionMethod = new ReflectionMethod(Cell::class, 'convertSpecialArray');
+        $result = $reflectionMethod->invokeArgs(null, [$inArray]);
+        self::assertSame($expected, $result);
+    }
+
+    public static function providerSpecialArrays(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'expected form row index to array indexed by column' => [
+                [
+                    [1, 2],
+                    [3, 4],
+                ],
+                [
+                    1 => ['A' => 1, 'B' => 2],
+                    2 => ['A' => 3, 'B' => 4],
+                ],
+            ],
+            'standard array unchanged' => [
+                [
+                    1 => [1, 2],
+                    2 => [3, 4],
+                ],
+                [
+                    1 => [1, 2],
+                    2 => [3, 4],
+                ],
+            ],
+            'uses index 0 so unchanged' => [
+                [
+                    ['A' => 1, 'B' => 2],
+                    ['A' => 3, 'B' => 4],
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['A' => 1, 'B' => 2],
+                    ['A' => 3, 'B' => 4],
+                ],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Worksheet/Table/Issue3659Test.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Worksheet/Table/Issue3659Test.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Worksheet\Table;
 
-use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Calculation;
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Worksheet\Table;
 
 class Issue3659Test extends SetupTeardown
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ public function testTableOnOtherSheet(): void
     public function testTableAsArray(): void
     {
         $spreadsheet = $this->getSpreadsheet();
-        Calculation::getInstance($spreadsheet)->setInstanceArrayReturnType(Calculation::RETURN_ARRAY_AS_ARRAY);
+        $spreadsheet->returnArrayAsArray();
         $sheet = $this->getSheet();
         $sheet->setTitle('Feuil1');
         $tableSheet = $spreadsheet->createSheet();
@@ -76,13 +75,13 @@ public function testTableAsArray(): void
         $sheet->getCell('F9')->setValue('=Tableau1');
         $sheet->getCell('J9')->setValue('=CONCAT(Tableau1)');
         $sheet->getCell('J11')->setValue('=SUM(Tableau1[])');
-        $expectedResult = [2 => ['B' => 10], ['B' => 2], ['B' => 3], ['B' => 4]];
+        $expectedResult = [[10], [2], [3], [4]];
         self::assertSame($expectedResult, $sheet->getCell('F1')->getCalculatedValue());
         $expectedResult = [
-            2 => ['B' => 10, 'C' => 20, 'D' => null],
-            ['B' => 2, 'C' => null, 'D' => null],
-            ['B' => 3, 'C' => null, 'D' => null],
-            ['B' => 4, 'C' => null, 'D' => null],
+            [10, 20, null],
+            [2, null, null],
+            [3, null, null],
+            [4, null, null],
         ];
         self::assertSame($expectedResult, $sheet->getCell('H1')->getCalculatedValue());
         self::assertSame($expectedResult, $sheet->getCell('F9')->getCalculatedValue());