K2_Anonymity.ipynb

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        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/OmamaRawahi/O-M/blob/main/Copy_of_2_K_Anonymity.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
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      "source": [
        "# CS211: Data Privacy\n",
        "## In-Class Exercises, week of 9/5/2022"
      ]
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      "source": [
        "# Load the data and libraries\n",
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "\n",
        "adult = pd.read_csv('https://github.com/jnear/cs211-data-privacy/raw/master/homework/adult_with_pii.csv')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "adult\n"
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            "text/plain": [
              "                    Name         DOB          SSN    Zip  Age  \\\n",
              "0       Karrie Trusslove    9/7/1967  732-14-6110  64152   39   \n",
              "1       Brandise Tripony    6/7/1988  150-19-2766  61523   50   \n",
              "2          Brenn McNeely    8/6/1991  725-59-9860  95668   38   \n",
              "3            Dorry Poter    4/6/2009  659-57-4974  25503   53   \n",
              "4            Dick Honnan   9/16/1951  220-93-3811  75387   28   \n",
              "...                  ...         ...          ...    ...  ...   \n",
              "32556       Ardyce Golby  10/29/1961  212-61-8338  41328   27   \n",
              "32557      Jean O'Connor   6/28/1952  737-32-2919  94735   40   \n",
              "32558   Reuben Skrzynski    8/9/1966  314-48-0219  49628   58   \n",
              "32559        Caye Biddle   5/19/1978  647-75-3550   8213   22   \n",
              "32560  Hortense Hardesty   5/11/2012  690-42-5638  86153   52   \n",
              "\n",
              "              Workclass  fnlwgt   Education  Education-Num  \\\n",
              "0             State-gov   77516   Bachelors             13   \n",
              "1      Self-emp-not-inc   83311   Bachelors             13   \n",
              "2               Private  215646     HS-grad              9   \n",
              "3               Private  234721        11th              7   \n",
              "4               Private  338409   Bachelors             13   \n",
              "...                 ...     ...         ...            ...   \n",
              "32556           Private  257302  Assoc-acdm             12   \n",
              "32557           Private  154374     HS-grad              9   \n",
              "32558           Private  151910     HS-grad              9   \n",
              "32559           Private  201490     HS-grad              9   \n",
              "32560      Self-emp-inc  287927     HS-grad              9   \n",
              "\n",
              "           Marital Status         Occupation   Relationship   Race     Sex  \\\n",
              "0           Never-married       Adm-clerical  Not-in-family  White    Male   \n",
              "1      Married-civ-spouse    Exec-managerial        Husband  White    Male   \n",
              "2                Divorced  Handlers-cleaners  Not-in-family  White    Male   \n",
              "3      Married-civ-spouse  Handlers-cleaners        Husband  Black    Male   \n",
              "4      Married-civ-spouse     Prof-specialty           Wife  Black  Female   \n",
              "...                   ...                ...            ...    ...     ...   \n",
              "32556  Married-civ-spouse       Tech-support           Wife  White  Female   \n",
              "32557  Married-civ-spouse  Machine-op-inspct        Husband  White    Male   \n",
              "32558             Widowed       Adm-clerical      Unmarried  White  Female   \n",
              "32559       Never-married       Adm-clerical      Own-child  White    Male   \n",
              "32560  Married-civ-spouse    Exec-managerial           Wife  White  Female   \n",
              "\n",
              "       Capital Gain  Capital Loss  Hours per week        Country Target  \n",
              "0              2174             0              40  United-States  <=50K  \n",
              "1                 0             0              13  United-States  <=50K  \n",
              "2                 0             0              40  United-States  <=50K  \n",
              "3                 0             0              40  United-States  <=50K  \n",
              "4                 0             0              40           Cuba  <=50K  \n",
              "...             ...           ...             ...            ...    ...  \n",
              "32556             0             0              38  United-States  <=50K  \n",
              "32557             0             0              40  United-States   >50K  \n",
              "32558             0             0              40  United-States  <=50K  \n",
              "32559             0             0              20  United-States  <=50K  \n",
              "32560         15024             0              40  United-States   >50K  \n",
              "\n",
              "[32561 rows x 19 columns]"
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Karrie Trusslove</td>\n",
              "      <td>9/7/1967</td>\n",
              "      <td>732-14-6110</td>\n",
              "      <td>64152</td>\n",
              "      <td>39</td>\n",
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              "      <td>40</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Brandise Tripony</td>\n",
              "      <td>6/7/1988</td>\n",
              "      <td>150-19-2766</td>\n",
              "      <td>61523</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "      <td>Self-emp-not-inc</td>\n",
              "      <td>83311</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bachelors</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>Married-civ-spouse</td>\n",
              "      <td>Exec-managerial</td>\n",
              "      <td>Husband</td>\n",
              "      <td>White</td>\n",
              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>United-States</td>\n",
              "      <td>&lt;=50K</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Brenn McNeely</td>\n",
              "      <td>8/6/1991</td>\n",
              "      <td>725-59-9860</td>\n",
              "      <td>95668</td>\n",
              "      <td>38</td>\n",
              "      <td>Private</td>\n",
              "      <td>215646</td>\n",
              "      <td>HS-grad</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>Divorced</td>\n",
              "      <td>Handlers-cleaners</td>\n",
              "      <td>Not-in-family</td>\n",
              "      <td>White</td>\n",
              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>40</td>\n",
              "      <td>United-States</td>\n",
              "      <td>&lt;=50K</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Dorry Poter</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/6/2009</td>\n",
              "      <td>659-57-4974</td>\n",
              "      <td>25503</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>Private</td>\n",
              "      <td>234721</td>\n",
              "      <td>11th</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>Married-civ-spouse</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Black</td>\n",
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              "      <td>40</td>\n",
              "      <td>United-States</td>\n",
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              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Dick Honnan</td>\n",
              "      <td>9/16/1951</td>\n",
              "      <td>220-93-3811</td>\n",
              "      <td>75387</td>\n",
              "      <td>28</td>\n",
              "      <td>Private</td>\n",
              "      <td>338409</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Prof-specialty</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Black</td>\n",
              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Cuba</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Ardyce Golby</td>\n",
              "      <td>10/29/1961</td>\n",
              "      <td>212-61-8338</td>\n",
              "      <td>41328</td>\n",
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              "      <td>White</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Jean O'Connor</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Caye Biddle</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Hortense Hardesty</td>\n",
              "      <td>5/11/2012</td>\n",
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              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-19fefa5c-da17-442e-a7f6-16e429a6a812 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EQRo1SpXUGx4"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Question 1\n",
        "\n",
        "Write code to group the `adult` dataset by a single column and count the number of members in each group."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 7,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "dc23ce6b322e340f4c56f77cd599457b",
          "grade": false,
          "grade_id": "cell-055399c92e676783",
          "locked": false,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": true,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "zeYgf39xUGx_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def group_one_count(col):\n",
        "    return adult.groupby(col).size()\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 8,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "editable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "e04360bac7e89ce5b4dfd167a157d9a0",
          "grade": false,
          "grade_id": "cell-1b7d2f55d89f7bfb",
          "locked": true,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": false,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "Ddc8FbiaUGyC",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "cc550ee0-bb88-4ca9-d1e2-2acf036438cc"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Education\n",
              "10th              933\n",
              "11th             1175\n",
              "12th              433\n",
              "1st-4th           168\n",
              "5th-6th           333\n",
              "7th-8th           646\n",
              "9th               514\n",
              "Assoc-acdm       1067\n",
              "Assoc-voc        1382\n",
              "Bachelors        5355\n",
              "Doctorate         413\n",
              "HS-grad         10501\n",
              "Masters          1723\n",
              "Preschool          51\n",
              "Prof-school       576\n",
              "Some-college     7291\n",
              "dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 8
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "group_one_count('Education')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 9,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "editable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "39a0d109403154e47d176c577542d308",
          "grade": true,
          "grade_id": "cell-befc11c8be0bf91b",
          "locked": true,
          "points": 5,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": false,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "t8TkZS0BUGyD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "s = group_one_count('Education')\n",
        "assert s['10th'] == 933\n",
        "assert s['9th'] == 514\n",
        "assert s['Some-college'] == 7291"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MAS3foQ1UGyE"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Question 2\n",
        "\n",
        "Write code to group the `adult` dataset by two columns and count the number of members in each group."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 10,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "bda137f6be4a2a7095dc70d8b2528979",
          "grade": false,
          "grade_id": "cell-f6a37efe405c4a98",
          "locked": false,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": true,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "c7Cogsd1UGyF"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def group_two_count(col1, col2):\n",
        "     return adult.groupby([col1,col2]).size()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 11,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "editable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "c97b74e43122b4e2e37616b5f36e5258",
          "grade": false,
          "grade_id": "cell-c5a57d9ba078cfd0",
          "locked": true,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": false,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "sGlwdfa8UGyG",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "a22337ad-3940-4a4c-a27d-fa1453176d95"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Occupation        Education   \n",
              "Adm-clerical      10th             38\n",
              "                  11th             67\n",
              "                  12th             38\n",
              "                  5th-6th           6\n",
              "                  7th-8th          11\n",
              "                                 ... \n",
              "Transport-moving  Doctorate         1\n",
              "                  HS-grad         825\n",
              "                  Masters          10\n",
              "                  Prof-school       3\n",
              "                  Some-college    283\n",
              "Length: 201, dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 11
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "group_two_count('Occupation', 'Education')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 12,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "editable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "e26daaeb47a1df9ef0be4d2d4f1ed2b8",
          "grade": true,
          "grade_id": "cell-88caedc5d6e44568",
          "locked": true,
          "points": 5,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": false,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "Aa0T34c5UGyH"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "s = group_two_count('Occupation', 'Education')\n",
        "assert s['Transport-moving']['Doctorate'] == 1\n",
        "assert s['Adm-clerical']['10th'] == 38"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "M8SSmVf6UGyI"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Question 3\n",
        "\n",
        "Write code to perform a differencing attack to determine Brenn McNeely's age using only the `mean` aggregation function over large groups."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 35,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "7773da7ce0918a58a836b7721186befc",
          "grade": false,
          "grade_id": "cell-6fb63040052b0857",
          "locked": false,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": true,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "CHszzmbNUGyI"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def get_brenns_age():\n",
        "    a1=(adult[adult['Name']!='Brenn McNeely']['Age'].mean())*len(adult[adult['Name']!='Brenn McNeely']['Age'])\n",
        "    a2=(adult['Age'].mean())*len(adult['Age'])\n",
        "    return a2-a1\n",
        "brenns_age = get_brenns_age()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 36,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "editable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "8e359a1337a76eba8bd234e4e8c2d02f",
          "grade": true,
          "grade_id": "cell-d66b7d6c32d256c6",
          "locked": true,
          "points": 5,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": false,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "RXcBd2jHUGyJ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "assert brenns_age == 38.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 37,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Kx2EM2FXUGyK",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 359
        },
        "outputId": "af091a74-c5a6-41c1-fd4d-78e682ff6bd0"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   Education         Marital Status Target\n",
              "0  Bachelors          Never-married  <=50K\n",
              "1  Bachelors     Married-civ-spouse  <=50K\n",
              "2    HS-grad               Divorced  <=50K\n",
              "3       11th     Married-civ-spouse  <=50K\n",
              "4  Bachelors     Married-civ-spouse  <=50K\n",
              "5    Masters     Married-civ-spouse  <=50K\n",
              "6        9th  Married-spouse-absent  <=50K\n",
              "7    HS-grad     Married-civ-spouse   >50K\n",
              "8    Masters          Never-married   >50K\n",
              "9  Bachelors     Married-civ-spouse   >50K"
            ],
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              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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              "      <th>Education</th>\n",
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              "    </tr>\n",
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              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>HS-grad</td>\n",
              "      <td>Divorced</td>\n",
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              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>11th</td>\n",
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              "      <td>9th</td>\n",
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              "      <td>&lt;=50K</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>HS-grad</td>\n",
              "      <td>Married-civ-spouse</td>\n",
              "      <td>&gt;50K</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Masters</td>\n",
              "      <td>Never-married</td>\n",
              "      <td>&gt;50K</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
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              "      <td>&gt;50K</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
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              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-72f74ddb-6700-4ffc-a88b-87302ec4230d')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
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              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
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              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
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              "        document.querySelector('#df-72f74ddb-6700-4ffc-a88b-87302ec4230d button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-72f74ddb-6700-4ffc-a88b-87302ec4230d');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
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              "\n",
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              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
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              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-f5d124f5-cbe4-45f5-944f-c3302167d6c4 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 37
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "df = adult[['Education', 'Marital Status', 'Target']]\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "PrXin0IZUGyK"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Question 4\n",
        "\n",
        "Does the dataset `df` satisfy $k$-Anonymity for $k=3$? Why not?"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "markdown",
          "checksum": "c61aa8062b9dfebcfcc33281136fd17f",
          "grade": true,
          "grade_id": "cell-a9793d100ba20894",
          "locked": false,
          "points": 5,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": true,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "PWPfHzyJUGyL"
      },
      "source": [
        "YOUR ANSWER HERE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "E5qFvtFXUGyL"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Question 5\n",
        "\n",
        "What columns should we designate as quasi-identifiers in the dataset `df`, and why?"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "markdown",
          "checksum": "533486216e9001e1b8e8c2af7b1ceff0",
          "grade": true,
          "grade_id": "cell-5cfd666564429892",
          "locked": false,
          "points": 5,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": true,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "nJLq-onQUGyM"
      },
      "source": [
        "YOUR ANSWER HERE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "C_4R5uEcUGyM"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Question 6\n",
        "\n",
        "Imagine the column `Target` is *not* a quasi-identifier, and we generalize the dataset to achieve $k$-Anonymity for $k=2$ as follows:\n",
        "\n",
        "- Replace each education level below \"HS Grad\" with `< HS` and others with `>= HS`\n",
        "- Replace marital status with `Married` and `Not Married`\n",
        "- Delete rows as required to achieve $k$-anonymity for $k=2$\n",
        "\n",
        "For which rows is a homogeneity attack possible, and why?"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "markdown",
          "checksum": "cf4facb2adda1e9a3e769bc994597e64",
          "grade": true,
          "grade_id": "cell-5932f02f09b5cacb",
          "locked": false,
          "points": 5,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": true,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "Zw28S7hiUGyN"
      },
      "source": [
        "YOUR ANSWER HERE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_RbbgKBdUGyO"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Question 7\n",
        "\n",
        "Write code to generalize the `Zip` column in the adult dataset."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 40,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "ae1bd87895a7b5a030e010032949c5f6",
          "grade": false,
          "grade_id": "cell-be9a4264a0e58938",
          "locked": false,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": true,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "JXL15pKEUGyP"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "def generalize_zip(zip, l):\n",
        "  # Generate a string of zeros of length l\n",
        "  zeros = '0' * l\n",
        "  zip_str = str(zip)\n",
        "  # Concatenate\n",
        "  coc = zip_str[:len(zip_str)-l] + zeros\n",
        "  return int(coc)\n",
        "\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 41,
      "metadata": {
        "deletable": false,
        "editable": false,
        "nbgrader": {
          "cell_type": "code",
          "checksum": "2f486aeed59a6e6fba770601a1143c54",
          "grade": true,
          "grade_id": "cell-256688fe78b8f7bf",
          "locked": true,
          "points": 5,
          "schema_version": 3,
          "solution": false,
          "task": false
        },
        "id": "smP2xXPyUGyP"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Test cases\n",
        "assert generalize_zip(47401, 0) == 47401\n",
        "assert generalize_zip(47401, 1) == 47400\n",
        "assert generalize_zip(47401, 2) == 47400\n",
        "assert generalize_zip(47401, 3) == 47000\n",
        "assert generalize_zip(47401, 4) == 40000\n",
        "assert generalize_zip(47401, 5) == 0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "kernelspec": {
      "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
      "language": "python",
      "name": "python3"
    },
    "language_info": {
      "codemirror_mode": {
        "name": "ipython",
        "version": 3
      },
      "file_extension": ".py",
      "mimetype": "text/x-python",
      "name": "python",
      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
      "version": "3.8.11"
    },
    "colab": {
      "provenance": [],
      "include_colab_link": true
    }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 0
}