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mcall.c
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/* mcall.c -- multiallelic and rare variant calling.
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Genome Research Ltd.
Author: Petr Danecek <pd3@sanger.ac.uk>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE. */
#include <math.h>
#include <htslib/kfunc.h>
#include <htslib/khash_str2int.h>
#include "call.h"
// Using priors for GTs does not seem to be mathematically justified. Although
// it seems effective in removing false calls, it also flips a significant
// proportion of HET genotypes. Better is to filter by FORMAT/GQ using
// `bcftools filter`.
#define USE_PRIOR_FOR_GTS 0
// Go with uniform PLs for samples with no coverage. If unset, missing
// genotypes is reported instead.
#define FLAT_PDG_FOR_MISSING 0
void qcall_init(call_t *call) { return; }
void qcall_destroy(call_t *call) { return; }
int qcall(call_t *call, bcf1_t *rec)
{
// QCall format:
// chromosome, position, reference allele, depth, mapping quality, 0, ..
error("TODO: qcall output\n");
return 0;
}
void call_init_pl2p(call_t *call)
{
int i;
for (i=0; i<256; i++)
call->pl2p[i] = pow(10., -i/10.);
}
// Macros for accessing call->trio and call->ntrio
#define FTYPE_222 0 // family type: all diploid
#define FTYPE_121 1 // chrX, the child is a boy
#define FTYPE_122 2 // chrX, a girl
#define FTYPE_101 3 // chrY, boy
#define FTYPE_100 4 // chrY, girl
#define GT_SKIP 0xf // empty genotype (chrY in females)
#define IS_POW2(x) (!((x) & ((x) - 1))) // zero is permitted
#define IS_HOM(x) IS_POW2(x)
// Pkij = P(k|i,j) tells how likely it is to be a het if the parents
// are homs etc. The consistency of i,j,k has been already checked.
// Parameters are alleles and ploidy of father, mother, kid
// Returns 2/Pkij.
int calc_Pkij(int fals, int mals, int kals, int fpl, int mpl, int kpl)
{
int als = fals|mals|kals;
if ( IS_HOM(als) ) return 2; // all are the same: child must be a HOM, P=1
if ( fpl==1 )
{
if ( kpl==1 ) // chr X, the child is a boy, the copy is inherited from the mother
{
if ( IS_HOM(mals) ) return 2; // 0 11 -> P(1) = 1
return 4; // 0 01 -> P(0) = P(1) = 1/2
}
// chr X, the child is a girl
if ( IS_HOM(mals) ) return 2; // 0 11 -> P(01) = 1
return 4; // 0 01 -> P(00) = P(01) = 1/2
}
if ( IS_HOM(fals) && IS_HOM(mals) ) return 2; // 00 11 01, the child must be a HET, P=1
if ( !IS_HOM(fals) && !IS_HOM(mals) )
{
if ( IS_HOM(kals) ) return 8; // 01 01 00 or 01 01 11, P(k=HOM) = 1/4
return 4; // 01 01 01, P(k=HET) = 1/2
}
return 4; // 00 01, P(k=HET) = P(k=HOM) = 1/2
}
// Initialize ntrio and trio: ntrio lists the number of possible
// genotypes given combination of haploid/diploid genomes and the
// number of alleles. trio lists allowed genotype combinations:
// 4bit: 2/Pkij, 4: father, 4: mother, 4: child
// See also mcall_call_trio_genotypes()
//
static void mcall_init_trios(call_t *call)
{
if ( call->prior_AN )
{
int id = bcf_hdr_id2int(call->hdr,BCF_DT_ID,call->prior_AN);
if ( id==-1 ) error("No such tag \"%s\"\n", call->prior_AN);
if ( !bcf_hdr_idinfo_exists(call->hdr,BCF_HL_FMT,id) ) error("No such FORMAT tag \"%s\"\n", call->prior_AN);
id = bcf_hdr_id2int(call->hdr,BCF_DT_ID,call->prior_AC);
if ( id==-1 ) error("No such tag \"%s\"\n", call->prior_AC);
if ( !bcf_hdr_idinfo_exists(call->hdr,BCF_HL_FMT,id) ) error("No such FORMAT tag \"%s\"\n", call->prior_AC);
}
// 23, 138, 478 possible diploid trio genotypes with 2, 3, 4 alleles
call->ntrio[FTYPE_222][2] = 15; call->ntrio[FTYPE_222][3] = 78; call->ntrio[FTYPE_222][4] = 250;
call->ntrio[FTYPE_121][2] = 8; call->ntrio[FTYPE_121][3] = 27; call->ntrio[FTYPE_121][4] = 64;
call->ntrio[FTYPE_122][2] = 8; call->ntrio[FTYPE_122][3] = 27; call->ntrio[FTYPE_122][4] = 64;
call->ntrio[FTYPE_101][2] = 2; call->ntrio[FTYPE_101][3] = 3; call->ntrio[FTYPE_101][4] = 4;
call->ntrio[FTYPE_100][2] = 2; call->ntrio[FTYPE_100][3] = 3; call->ntrio[FTYPE_100][4] = 4;
int nals, itype;
for (itype=0; itype<=4; itype++)
{
for (nals=2; nals<=4; nals++)
call->trio[itype][nals] = (uint16_t*) malloc(sizeof(uint16_t)*call->ntrio[itype][nals]);
}
// max 10 possible diploid genotypes
int gts[10];
for (nals=2; nals<=4; nals++)
{
int i,j,k, n = 0, ngts = 0;
for (i=0; i<nals; i++)
for (j=0; j<=i; j++)
gts[ngts++] = 1<<i | 1<<j;
// 222: all diploid
// i,j,k: father, mother, child
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++)
for (j=0; j<ngts; j++)
for (k=0; k<ngts; k++)
{
if ( ((gts[i]|gts[j])>s[k]) != gts[k] ) continue; // k not present in neither i nor j
if ( !(gts[i] & gts[k]) || !(gts[j] & gts[k]) ) continue; // one copy from father, one from mother
int Pkij = calc_Pkij(gts[i],gts[j],gts[k], 2,2,2);
call->trio[FTYPE_222][nals][n++] = Pkij<<12 | i<<8 | j<<4 | k; // father, mother, child
}
assert( n==call->ntrio[FTYPE_222][nals] );
// 121: chrX, boy
n = 0;
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++)
for (j=0; j<ngts; j++)
for (k=0; k<ngts; k++)
{
if ( !IS_HOM(gts[i]) || !IS_HOM(gts[k]) ) continue; // father nor boy can be diploid
if ( ((gts[i]|gts[j])>s[k]) != gts[k] ) continue;
if ( !(gts[j] & gts[k]) ) continue; // boy must inherit the copy from mother
int Pkij = calc_Pkij(gts[i],gts[j],gts[k], 1,2,1);
call->trio[FTYPE_121][nals][n++] = Pkij<<12 | i<<8 | j<<4 | k;
}
assert( n==call->ntrio[FTYPE_121][nals] );
// 122: chrX, girl
n = 0;
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++)
for (j=0; j<ngts; j++)
for (k=0; k<ngts; k++)
{
if ( !IS_HOM(gts[i]) ) continue;
if ( ((gts[i]|gts[j])>s[k]) != gts[k] ) continue;
if ( !(gts[i] & gts[k]) ) continue; // girl must inherit one copy from the father and one from the mother
if ( !(gts[j] & gts[k]) ) continue;
int Pkij = calc_Pkij(gts[i],gts[j],gts[k], 1,2,2);
call->trio[FTYPE_122][nals][n++] = Pkij<<12 | i<<8 | j<<4 | k;
}
assert( n==call->ntrio[FTYPE_122][nals] );
// 101: chrY, boy
n = 0;
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++)
for (k=0; k<ngts; k++)
{
if ( !IS_HOM(gts[i]) || !IS_HOM(gts[k]) ) continue;
if ( (gts[i]>s[k]) != gts[k] ) continue;
call->trio[FTYPE_101][nals][n++] = 1<<12 | i<<8 | GT_SKIP<<4 | k;
}
assert( n==call->ntrio[FTYPE_101][nals] );
// 100: chrY, girl
n = 0;
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++)
{
if ( !IS_POW2(gts[i]) ) continue;
call->trio[FTYPE_100][nals][n++] = 1<<12 | i<<8 | GT_SKIP<<4 | GT_SKIP;
}
assert( n==call->ntrio[FTYPE_100][nals] );
}
call->GLs = (double*) calloc(bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr)*10,sizeof(double));
int i, j;
for (i=0; i<call->nfams; i++)
{
family_t *fam = &call->fams[i];
int ploidy[3];
for (j=0; j<3; j++)
ploidy[j] = call->ploidy[fam->sample[j]];
if ( ploidy[FATHER]==2 ) // not X, not Y
{
if ( ploidy[MOTHER]!=2 || ploidy[CHILD]!=2 )
error("Incorrect ploidy: %d %d %d\n", ploidy[FATHER],ploidy[MOTHER],ploidy[CHILD]);
fam->type = FTYPE_222;
continue;
}
if ( ploidy[FATHER]!=1 || ploidy[MOTHER]==1 )
error("Incorrect ploidy: %d %d %d\n", ploidy[FATHER],ploidy[MOTHER],ploidy[CHILD]);
if ( ploidy[MOTHER]==2 ) // X
{
if ( ploidy[CHILD]==0 )
error("Incorrect ploidy: %d %d %d\n", ploidy[FATHER],ploidy[MOTHER],ploidy[CHILD]);
fam->type = ploidy[CHILD]==2 ? FTYPE_122 : FTYPE_121; // a girl or a boy
}
else // Y
{
if ( ploidy[CHILD]==2 )
error("Incorrect ploidy: %d %d %d\n", ploidy[FATHER],ploidy[MOTHER],ploidy[CHILD]);
fam->type = ploidy[CHILD]==0 ? FTYPE_100 : FTYPE_101; // a girl or a boy
}
}
}
static void mcall_destroy_trios(call_t *call)
{
int i, j;
for (i=2; i<=4; i++)
for (j=0; j<=4; j++)
free(call->trio[j][i]);
}
static void init_sample_groups(call_t *call)
{
int i, nsmpl = bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr);
if ( !call->sample_groups )
{
// standard pooled calling, all samples in the same group
grp_t *grps = &call->smpl_grp;
grps->ngrp = 1;
grps->grp = (grp1_t*)calloc(grps->ngrp, sizeof(grp1_t));
grps->smpl2grp = (int*)calloc(nsmpl,sizeof(int));
}
else if ( !strcmp("-",call->sample_groups) )
{
// single-sample calling, each sample creates its own group
grp_t *grps = &call->smpl_grp;
grps->ngrp = nsmpl;
grps->grp = (grp1_t*)calloc(grps->ngrp, sizeof(grp1_t));
grps->smpl2grp = (int*)malloc(nsmpl*sizeof(int));
for (i=0; i<nsmpl; i++) grps->smpl2grp[i] = i;
}
else
{
int nlines;
char **lines = hts_readlist(call->sample_groups, 1, &nlines);
if ( !lines ) error("Could not read the file: %s\n", call->sample_groups);
uint32_t *smpl2grp1 = (uint32_t*)calloc(nsmpl,sizeof(uint32_t));
void *grp2idx = khash_str2int_init();
grp_t *grps = &call->smpl_grp;
for (i=0; i<nlines; i++)
{
char *ptr = lines[i];
while ( *ptr && *ptr!='\t' ) ptr++;
if ( !*ptr ) error("Could not parse the line in %s, expected a sample name followed by tab and a population name: %s\n",call->sample_groups,lines[i]);
*ptr = 0;
int ismpl = bcf_hdr_id2int(call->hdr, BCF_DT_SAMPLE, lines[i]);
if ( ismpl<0 ) continue;
if ( smpl2grp1[ismpl] ) error("Error: the sample \"%s\" is listed twice in %s\n", lines[i],call->sample_groups);
if ( !khash_str2int_has_key(grp2idx,ptr+1) )
{
khash_str2int_inc(grp2idx, ptr+1);
grps->ngrp++;
}
int igrp;
if ( khash_str2int_get(grp2idx, ptr+1, &igrp)==0 )
smpl2grp1[ismpl] = igrp+1;
else
error("This should not happen, fixme: %s\n",ptr+1);
}
khash_str2int_destroy(grp2idx);
grps->grp = (grp1_t*)calloc(grps->ngrp, sizeof(grp1_t));
grps->smpl2grp = (int*)malloc(nsmpl*sizeof(int));
for (i=0; i<nsmpl; i++)
{
if ( !smpl2grp1[i] ) error("Error: The sample \"%s\" is not listed in %s\n",call->hdr->samples[i],call->sample_groups);
grps->smpl2grp[i] = smpl2grp1[i] - 1;
}
free(smpl2grp1);
for (i=0; i<nlines; i++) free(lines[i]);
free(lines);
}
}
static void destroy_sample_groups(call_t *call)
{
int i;
grp_t *grps = &call->smpl_grp;
for (i=0; i<grps->ngrp; i++)
free(grps->grp[i].qsum);
free(grps->grp);
free(grps->smpl2grp);
}
void mcall_init(call_t *call)
{
call_init_pl2p(call);
call->nals_map = 5;
call->als_map = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int)*call->nals_map);
call->npl_map = 5*(5+1)/2; // will be expanded later if necessary
call->pl_map = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int)*call->npl_map);
call->gts = (int32_t*) calloc(bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr)*2,sizeof(int32_t)); // assuming at most diploid everywhere
if ( call->flag & CALL_CONSTR_TRIO )
{
call->cgts = (int32_t*) calloc(bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr),sizeof(int32_t));
call->ugts = (int32_t*) calloc(bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr),sizeof(int32_t));
mcall_init_trios(call);
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##FORMAT=<ID=CGT,Number=1,Type=Integer,Description=\"Constrained Genotype (0-based index to Number=G ordering).\">");
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##FORMAT=<ID=UGT,Number=1,Type=Integer,Description=\"Unconstrained Genotype (0-based index to Number=G ordering).\">");
}
if ( call->flag & CALL_CONSTR_ALLELES ) call->vcmp = vcmp_init();
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##FORMAT=<ID=GT,Number=1,Type=String,Description=\"Genotype\">");
if ( call->output_tags & CALL_FMT_GQ )
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##FORMAT=<ID=GQ,Number=1,Type=Integer,Description=\"Phred-scaled Genotype Quality\">");
if ( call->output_tags & CALL_FMT_GP )
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##FORMAT=<ID=GP,Number=G,Type=Float,Description=\"Phred-scaled genotype posterior probabilities\">");
if ( call->output_tags & (CALL_FMT_GQ|CALL_FMT_GP) )
call->GQs = (int32_t*) malloc(sizeof(int32_t)*bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr));
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##INFO=<ID=ICB,Number=1,Type=Float,Description=\"Inbreeding Coefficient Binomial test (bigger is better)\">");
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##INFO=<ID=HOB,Number=1,Type=Float,Description=\"Bias in the number of HOMs number (smaller is better)\">");
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##INFO=<ID=AC,Number=A,Type=Integer,Description=\"Allele count in genotypes for each ALT allele, in the same order as listed\">");
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##INFO=<ID=AN,Number=1,Type=Integer,Description=\"Total number of alleles in called genotypes\">");
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##INFO=<ID=DP4,Number=4,Type=Integer,Description=\"Number of high-quality ref-forward , ref-reverse, alt-forward and alt-reverse bases\">");
bcf_hdr_append(call->hdr,"##INFO=<ID=MQ,Number=1,Type=Integer,Description=\"Average mapping quality\">");
// init the prior
if ( call->theta>0 )
{
int i, n = 0;
if ( !call->ploidy ) n = 2*bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr); // all are diploid
else
{
for (i=0; i<bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr); i++)
n += call->ploidy[i];
}
// Watterson factor, here aM_1 = aM_2 = 1
double aM = 1;
for (i=2; i<n; i++) aM += 1./i;
call->theta *= aM;
if ( call->theta >= 1 )
{
fprintf(stderr,"The prior is too big (theta*aM=%.2f), going with 0.99\n", call->theta);
call->theta = 0.99;
}
call->theta = log(call->theta);
}
init_sample_groups(call);
}
void mcall_destroy(call_t *call)
{
destroy_sample_groups(call);
if (call->vcmp) vcmp_destroy(call->vcmp);
free(call->itmp);
mcall_destroy_trios(call);
free(call->GPs);
free(call->ADs);
free(call->GLs);
free(call->GQs);
free(call->anno16);
free(call->PLs);
free(call->als_map);
free(call->pl_map);
free(call->gts); free(call->cgts); free(call->ugts);
free(call->pdg);
free(call->als);
free(call->ac);
free(call->qsum);
return;
}
// Inits P(D|G): convert PLs from log space and normalize. In case of zero
// depth, missing PLs are all zero. In this case, pdg's are set to 0
// so that the corresponding genotypes can be set as missing and the
// qual calculation is not affected.
// Missing values are replaced by generic likelihoods when X (unseen allele) is
// present.
// NB: While the -m callig model uses the pdgs in canonical order,
// the original samtools -c calling code uses pdgs in reverse order (AA comes
// first, RR last).
// NB: Ploidy is not taken into account here, which is incorrect.
void set_pdg(double *pl2p, int *PLs, double *pdg, int n_smpl, int n_gt, int unseen)
{
int i, j, nals;
// find out the number of alleles, expecting diploid genotype likelihoods
bcf_gt2alleles(n_gt-1, &i, &nals);
assert( i==nals );
nals++;
for (i=0; i<n_smpl; i++)
{
double sum = 0;
for (j=0; j<n_gt; j++)
{
if ( PLs[j]==bcf_int32_vector_end )
{
// We expect diploid genotype likelihoods. If not diploid, treat as missing
j = 0;
break;
}
if ( PLs[j]==bcf_int32_missing ) break;
pdg[j] = PLs[j] < 256 ? pl2p[PLs[j]] : pow(10., -PLs[j]/10.);
sum += pdg[j];
}
if ( j==0 )
{
// First value is missing (LK of RR), this indicates that
// all values are missing.
j = sum = n_gt;
}
else if ( j<n_gt && unseen<0 )
{
// Some of the values are missing and the unseen allele LK is not
// available. In such a case, we set LK to a very small value.
sum = 0;
for (j=0; j<n_gt; j++)
{
assert( PLs[j]!=bcf_int32_vector_end );
if ( PLs[j]==bcf_int32_missing ) PLs[j] = 255;
pdg[j] = PLs[j] < 256 ? pl2p[PLs[j]] : pow(10., -PLs[j]/10.);
sum += pdg[j];
}
}
if ( j<n_gt )
{
// Missing values present, fill with unseen allele LK. This can be only
// as good as the merge was.
int ia,ib, k;
j = 0;
sum = 0;
for (ia=0; ia<nals; ia++)
{
for (ib=0; ib<=ia; ib++)
{
if ( PLs[j]==bcf_int32_missing )
{
k = bcf_alleles2gt(ia,unseen);
if ( PLs[k]==bcf_int32_missing ) k = bcf_alleles2gt(ib,unseen);
if ( PLs[k]==bcf_int32_missing ) k = bcf_alleles2gt(unseen,unseen);
if ( PLs[k]==bcf_int32_missing )
{
// The PLs for unseen allele X are not present as well as for ia, ib.
// This can happen with incremental calling, when one of the merged
// files had all alleles A,C,G,T, in such a case, X was not present.
// Use a very small value instead.
PLs[j] = 255;
}
else
PLs[j] = PLs[k];
}
pdg[j] = pl2p[ PLs[j] ];
sum += pdg[j];
j++;
}
}
}
// Normalize: sum_i pdg_i = 1
if ( sum==n_gt )
{
// all missing
#if FLAT_PDG_FOR_MISSING
for (j=0; j<n_gt; j++) pdg[j] = 1./n_gt;
#else
for (j=0; j<n_gt; j++) pdg[j] = 0;
#endif
}
else
for (j=0; j<n_gt; j++) pdg[j] /= sum;
PLs += n_gt;
pdg += n_gt;
}
}
// Create mapping between old and new (trimmed) alleles
void init_allele_trimming_maps(call_t *call, int als, int nals)
{
int i, j;
// als_map: old(i) -> new(j)
for (i=0, j=0; i<nals; i++)
{
if ( als & 1<<i ) call->als_map[i] = j++;
else call->als_map[i] = -1;
}
if ( !call->pl_map ) return;
// pl_map: new(k) -> old(l)
int k = 0, l = 0;
for (i=0; i<nals; i++)
{
for (j=0; j<=i; j++)
{
if ( (als & 1<<i) && (als & 1<<j) ) call->pl_map[k++] = l;
l++;
}
}
}
double binom_dist(int N, double p, int k)
{
int mean = (int) (N*p);
if ( mean==k ) return 1.0;
double log_p = (k-mean)*log(p) + (mean-k)*log(1.0-p);
if ( k > N - k ) k = N - k;
if ( mean > N - mean ) mean = N - mean;
if ( k < mean ) { int tmp = k; k = mean; mean = tmp; }
double diff = k - mean;
double val = 1.0;
int i;
for (i=0; i<diff; i++)
val = val * (N-mean-i) / (k-i);
return exp(log_p)/val;
}
// Inbreeding Coefficient, binomial test
float calc_ICB(int nref, int nalt, int nhets, int ndiploid)
{
if ( !nref || !nalt || !ndiploid ) return HUGE_VAL;
double fref = (double)nref/(nref+nalt); // fraction of reference allelels
double falt = (double)nalt/(nref+nalt); // non-ref als
double q = 2*fref*falt; // probability of a het, assuming HWE
double mean = q*ndiploid;
//fprintf(stderr,"\np=%e N=%d k=%d .. nref=%d nalt=%d nhets=%d ndiploid=%d\n", q,ndiploid,nhets, nref,nalt,nhets,ndiploid);
// Can we use normal approximation? The second condition is for performance only
// and is not well justified.
if ( (mean>10 && (1-q)*ndiploid>10 ) || ndiploid>200 )
{
//fprintf(stderr,"out: mean=%e p=%e\n", mean,exp(-0.5*(nhets-mean)*(nhets-mean)/(mean*(1-q))));
return exp(-0.5*(nhets-mean)*(nhets-mean)/(mean*(1-q)));
}
return binom_dist(ndiploid, q, nhets);
}
float calc_HOB(int nref, int nalt, int nhets, int ndiploid)
{
if ( !nref || !nalt || !ndiploid ) return HUGE_VAL;
double fref = (double)nref/(nref+nalt); // fraction of reference allelels
double falt = (double)nalt/(nref+nalt); // non-ref als
return fabs((double)nhets/ndiploid - 2*fref*falt);
}
/**
* log(sum_i exp(a_i))
*/
// static inline double logsumexp(double *vals, int nvals)
// {
// int i;
// double max_exp = vals[0];
// for (i=1; i<nvals; i++)
// if ( max_exp < vals[i] ) max_exp = vals[i];
// double sum = 0;
// for (i=0; i<nvals; i++)
// sum += exp(vals[i] - max_exp);
// return log(sum) + max_exp;
// }
/** log(exp(a)+exp(b)) */
static inline double logsumexp2(double a, double b)
{
if ( a>b )
return log(1 + exp(b-a)) + a;
else
return log(1 + exp(a-b)) + b;
}
// Macro to set the most likely alleles
#define UPDATE_MAX_LKs(als,sum) { \
if ( max_lk<lk_tot ) { max_lk = lk_tot; max_als = (als); } \
if ( sum ) lk_sum = logsumexp2(lk_tot,lk_sum); \
}
#define SWAP(type_t,x,y) {type_t tmp; tmp = x; x = y; y = tmp; }
// Determine the most likely combination of alleles. In this implementation,
// at most tri-allelic sites are considered. Returns the number of alleles.
static int mcall_find_best_alleles(call_t *call, int nals, int *out_als)
{
int j;
int ia,ib,ic; // iterators over up to three alleles
int max_als=0; // most likely combination of alleles
double ref_lk = 0, max_lk = -HUGE_VAL; // likelihood of the reference and of most likely combination of alleles
double lk_sum = -HUGE_VAL; // for normalizing the likelihoods
int nsmpl = bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr);
int ngts = nals*(nals+1)/2;
// Single allele
for (ia=0; ia<nals; ia++)
{
double lk_tot = 0;
int lk_tot_set = 0;
int iaa = (ia+1)*(ia+2)/2-1; // index in PL which corresponds to the homozygous "ia/ia" genotype
int isample;
double *pdg = call->pdg + iaa;
for (isample=0; isample<nsmpl; isample++)
{
if ( *pdg ) { lk_tot += log(*pdg); lk_tot_set = 1; }
pdg += ngts;
}
if ( ia==0 ) ref_lk = lk_tot; // likelihood of 0/0 for all samples
else lk_tot += call->theta; // the prior
UPDATE_MAX_LKs(1<<ia, ia>0 && lk_tot_set);
}
grp_t *grps = &call->smpl_grp;
// Two alleles
if ( nals>1 )
{
for (ia=0; ia<nals; ia++)
{
if ( grps->ngrp==1 && grps->grp[0].qsum[ia]==0 ) continue;
int iaa = (ia+1)*(ia+2)/2-1;
for (ib=0; ib<ia; ib++)
{
if ( grps->ngrp==1 && grps->grp[0].qsum[ib]==0 ) continue;
double lk_tot = 0;
int lk_tot_set = 0;
int ia_cov = 0, ib_cov = 0;
for (j=0; j<grps->ngrp; j++)
{
grp1_t *grp = &grps->grp[j];
if ( grp->qsum[ia] ) ia_cov = 1;
if ( grp->qsum[ib] ) ib_cov = 1;
if ( !grp->qsum[ia] && !grp->qsum[ib] ) { grp->dp = 0; continue; }
grp->dp = 1;
grp->fa = grp->qsum[ia]/(grp->qsum[ia]+grp->qsum[ib]);
grp->fb = grp->qsum[ib]/(grp->qsum[ia]+grp->qsum[ib]);
grp->fa2 = grp->fa*grp->fa;
grp->fb2 = grp->fb*grp->fb;
grp->fab = 2*grp->fa*grp->fb;
}
if ( !ia_cov || !ib_cov ) continue;
int isample, ibb = (ib+1)*(ib+2)/2-1, iab = iaa - ia + ib;
double *pdg = call->pdg;
for (isample=0; isample<nsmpl; isample++)
{
grp1_t *grp = &grps->grp[grps->smpl2grp[isample]];
if ( !grp->dp ) continue;
double val = 0;
if ( !call->ploidy || call->ploidy[isample]==2 )
val = grp->fa2*pdg[iaa] + grp->fb2*pdg[ibb] + grp->fab*pdg[iab];
else if ( call->ploidy && call->ploidy[isample]==1 )
val = grp->fa*pdg[iaa] + grp->fb*pdg[ibb];
if ( val ) { lk_tot += log(val); lk_tot_set = 1; }
pdg += ngts;
}
if ( ia!=0 ) lk_tot += call->theta; // the prior
if ( ib!=0 ) lk_tot += call->theta;
UPDATE_MAX_LKs(1<<ia|1<<ib, lk_tot_set);
}
}
}
// Three alleles
if ( nals>2 )
{
for (ia=0; ia<nals; ia++)
{
if ( grps->ngrp==1 && grps->grp[0].qsum[ia]==0 ) continue;
int iaa = (ia+1)*(ia+2)/2-1;
for (ib=0; ib<ia; ib++)
{
if ( grps->ngrp==1 && grps->grp[0].qsum[ib]==0 ) continue;
int ibb = (ib+1)*(ib+2)/2-1;
int iab = iaa - ia + ib;
for (ic=0; ic<ib; ic++)
{
if ( grps->ngrp==1 && grps->grp[0].qsum[ic]==0 ) continue;
double lk_tot = 0;
int lk_tot_set = 1;
int ia_cov = 0, ib_cov = 0, ic_cov = 0;
for (j=0; j<grps->ngrp; j++)
{
grp1_t *grp = &grps->grp[j];
if ( grp->qsum[ia] ) ia_cov = 1;
if ( grp->qsum[ib] ) ib_cov = 1;
if ( grp->qsum[ic] ) ic_cov = 1;
if ( !grp->qsum[ia] && !grp->qsum[ib] && !grp->qsum[ic] ) { grp->dp = 0; continue; }
grp->dp = 1;
grp->fa = grp->qsum[ia]/(grp->qsum[ia]+grp->qsum[ib]+grp->qsum[ic]);
grp->fb = grp->qsum[ib]/(grp->qsum[ia]+grp->qsum[ib]+grp->qsum[ic]);
grp->fc = grp->qsum[ic]/(grp->qsum[ia]+grp->qsum[ib]+grp->qsum[ic]);
grp->fa2 = grp->fa*grp->fa;
grp->fb2 = grp->fb*grp->fb;
grp->fc2 = grp->fc*grp->fc;
grp->fab = 2*grp->fa*grp->fb, grp->fac = 2*grp->fa*grp->fc, grp->fbc = 2*grp->fb*grp->fc;
}
if ( !ia_cov || !ib_cov || !ic_cov ) continue;
int isample, icc = (ic+1)*(ic+2)/2-1;
int iac = iaa - ia + ic, ibc = ibb - ib + ic;
double *pdg = call->pdg;
for (isample=0; isample<nsmpl; isample++)
{
grp1_t *grp = &grps->grp[grps->smpl2grp[isample]];
if ( !grp->dp ) continue;
double val = 0;
if ( !call->ploidy || call->ploidy[isample]==2 )
val = grp->fa2*pdg[iaa] + grp->fb2*pdg[ibb] + grp->fc2*pdg[icc] + grp->fab*pdg[iab] + grp->fac*pdg[iac] + grp->fbc*pdg[ibc];
else if ( call->ploidy && call->ploidy[isample]==1 )
val = grp->fa*pdg[iaa] + grp->fb*pdg[ibb] + grp->fc*pdg[icc];
if ( val ) { lk_tot += log(val); lk_tot_set = 1; }
pdg += ngts;
}
if ( ia!=0 ) lk_tot += call->theta; // the prior
if ( ib!=0 ) lk_tot += call->theta; // the prior
if ( ic!=0 ) lk_tot += call->theta; // the prior
UPDATE_MAX_LKs(1<<ia|1<<ib|1<<ic, lk_tot_set);
}
}
}
}
call->ref_lk = ref_lk;
call->lk_sum = lk_sum;
*out_als = max_als;
int i, n = 0;
for (i=0; i<nals; i++) if ( max_als & 1<<i) n++;
return n;
}
static void mcall_set_ref_genotypes(call_t *call, int nals)
{
int i;
int ngts = nals*(nals+1)/2;
int nsmpl = bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr);
for (i=0; i<nals; i++) call->ac[i] = 0;
call->nhets = 0;
call->ndiploid = 0;
// Set all genotypes to 0/0 or 0
int *gts = call->gts;
double *pdg = call->pdg;
int isample;
for (isample = 0; isample < nsmpl; isample++)
{
int ploidy = call->ploidy ? call->ploidy[isample] : 2;
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++) if ( pdg[i]!=0.0 ) break;
if ( i==ngts || !ploidy )
{
gts[0] = bcf_gt_missing;
gts[1] = ploidy==2 ? bcf_gt_missing : bcf_int32_vector_end;
}
else
{
gts[0] = bcf_gt_unphased(0);
gts[1] = ploidy==2 ? bcf_gt_unphased(0) : bcf_int32_vector_end;
call->ac[0] += ploidy;
}
gts += 2;
pdg += ngts;
}
}
static void mcall_call_genotypes(call_t *call, bcf1_t *rec, int nals, int nout_als, int out_als)
{
int ia, ib, i;
int ngts = nals*(nals+1)/2;
int nsmpl = bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr);
int nout_gts = nout_als*(nout_als+1)/2;
hts_expand(float,nout_gts*nsmpl,call->nGPs,call->GPs);
for (i=0; i<nout_als; i++) call->ac[i] = 0;
call->nhets = 0;
call->ndiploid = 0;
#if USE_PRIOR_FOR_GTS
float prior = exp(call->theta);
#endif
float *gps = call->GPs - nout_gts;
double *pdg = call->pdg - ngts;
int *gts = call->gts - 2;
int isample;
for (isample = 0; isample < nsmpl; isample++)
{
int ploidy = call->ploidy ? call->ploidy[isample] : 2;
assert( ploidy>=0 && ploidy<=2 );
pdg += ngts;
gts += 2;
gps += nout_gts;
if ( !ploidy )
{
gts[0] = bcf_gt_missing;
gts[1] = bcf_int32_vector_end;
gps[0] = -1;
continue;
}
#if !FLAT_PDG_FOR_MISSING
// Skip samples with zero depth, they have all pdg's equal to 0
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++) if ( pdg[i]!=0.0 ) break;
if ( i==ngts )
{
gts[0] = bcf_gt_missing;
gts[1] = ploidy==2 ? bcf_gt_missing : bcf_int32_vector_end;
gps[0] = -1;
continue;
}
#endif
if ( ploidy==2 ) call->ndiploid++;
// Default fallback for the case all LKs are the same
gts[0] = bcf_gt_unphased(0);
gts[1] = ploidy==2 ? bcf_gt_unphased(0) : bcf_int32_vector_end;
// Non-zero depth, determine the most likely genotype
grp1_t *grp = &call->smpl_grp.grp[call->smpl_grp.smpl2grp[isample]];
double best_lk = 0;
for (ia=0; ia<nals; ia++)
{
if ( !(out_als & 1<<ia) ) continue; // ia-th allele not in the final selection, skip
int iaa = (ia+1)*(ia+2)/2-1; // PL index of the ia/ia genotype
double lk = ploidy==2 ? pdg[iaa]*grp->qsum[ia]*grp->qsum[ia] : pdg[iaa]*grp->qsum[ia];
#if USE_PRIOR_FOR_GTS
if ( ia!=0 ) lk *= prior;
#endif
int igt = ploidy==2 ? bcf_alleles2gt(call->als_map[ia],call->als_map[ia]) : call->als_map[ia];
gps[igt] = lk;
if ( best_lk < lk )
{
best_lk = lk;
gts[0] = bcf_gt_unphased(call->als_map[ia]);
}
}
if ( ploidy==2 )
{
gts[1] = gts[0];
for (ia=0; ia<nals; ia++)
{
if ( !(out_als & 1<<ia) ) continue;
int iaa = (ia+1)*(ia+2)/2-1;
for (ib=0; ib<ia; ib++)
{
if ( !(out_als & 1<<ib) ) continue;
int iab = iaa - ia + ib;
double lk = 2*pdg[iab]*grp->qsum[ia]*grp->qsum[ib];
#if USE_PRIOR_FOR_GTS
if ( ia!=0 ) lk *= prior;
if ( ib!=0 ) lk *= prior;
#endif
int igt = bcf_alleles2gt(call->als_map[ia],call->als_map[ib]);
gps[igt] = lk;
if ( best_lk < lk )
{
best_lk = lk;
gts[0] = bcf_gt_unphased(call->als_map[ib]);
gts[1] = bcf_gt_unphased(call->als_map[ia]);
}
}
}
if ( gts[0] != gts[1] ) call->nhets++;
}
else
gts[1] = bcf_int32_vector_end;
call->ac[ bcf_gt_allele(gts[0]) ]++;
if ( gts[1]!=bcf_int32_vector_end ) call->ac[ bcf_gt_allele(gts[1]) ]++;
}
if ( call->output_tags & (CALL_FMT_GQ|CALL_FMT_GP) )
{
double max, sum;
for (isample=0; isample<nsmpl; isample++)
{
gps = call->GPs + isample*nout_gts;
int nmax;
if ( call->ploidy )
{
if ( call->ploidy[isample]==2 ) nmax = nout_gts;
else if ( call->ploidy[isample]==1 ) nmax = nout_als;
else nmax = 0;
}
else nmax = nout_gts;
max = gps[0];
if ( max<0 || nmax==0 )
{
// no call
if ( call->output_tags & CALL_FMT_GP )
{
for (i=0; i<nmax; i++) gps[i] = 0;
if ( nmax==0 ) { bcf_float_set_missing(gps[i]); nmax++; }
if ( nmax < nout_gts ) bcf_float_set_vector_end(gps[nmax]);
}
call->GQs[isample] = 0;
continue;
}
sum = gps[0];
for (i=1; i<nmax; i++)
{
if ( max < gps[i] ) max = gps[i];
sum += gps[i];
}
max = -4.34294*log(1 - max/sum);
call->GQs[isample] = max<=INT8_MAX ? max : INT8_MAX;
if ( call->output_tags & CALL_FMT_GP )
{
assert( max );
for (i=0; i<nmax; i++) gps[i] = (int)(-4.34294*log(gps[i]/sum));
if ( nmax < nout_gts ) bcf_float_set_vector_end(gps[nmax]);
}
}
}
if ( call->output_tags & CALL_FMT_GP )
bcf_update_format_float(call->hdr, rec, "GP", call->GPs, nsmpl*nout_gts);
if ( call->output_tags & CALL_FMT_GQ )
bcf_update_format_int32(call->hdr, rec, "GQ", call->GQs, nsmpl);
}
/**
Pm = P(mendelian) .. parameter to vary, 1-Pm is the probability of novel mutation.
When trio_Pm_ins is negative, Pm is calculated dynamically
according to indel length. For simplicity, only the
first ALT is considered.
Pkij = P(k|i,j) .. probability that the genotype combination i,j,k is consistent
with mendelian inheritance (the likelihood that offspring
of two HETs is a HOM is smaller than it being a HET)
P_uc(F=i,M=j,K=k) = P(F=i) . P(M=j) . P(K=k) .. unconstrained P
P_c(F=i,M=j,K=k) = P_uc . Pkij .. constrained P
P(F=i,M=j,K=k) = P_uc . (1 - Pm) + P_c . Pm
= P_uc . [1 - Pm + Pkij . Pm]
We choose genotype combination i,j,k which maximizes P(F=i,M=j,K=k). This
probability gives the quality GQ(Trio).
Individual qualities are calculated as
GQ(F=i,M=j,K=k) = P(F=i,M=j,K=k) / \sum_{x,y} P(F=i,M=x,K=y)
*/
static void mcall_call_trio_genotypes(call_t *call, bcf1_t *rec, int nals, int nout_als, int out_als)
{
int ia, ib, i;
int nsmpl = bcf_hdr_nsamples(call->hdr);
int ngts = nals*(nals+1)/2;
int nout_gts = nout_als*(nout_als+1)/2;
double *gls = call->GLs - nout_gts;
double *pdg = call->pdg - ngts;
// Calculate individuals' genotype likelihoods P(X=i)
int isample;
for (isample = 0; isample < nsmpl; isample++)
{
int ploidy = call->ploidy ? call->ploidy[isample] : 2;
int32_t *gts = call->ugts + isample;
gls += nout_gts;
pdg += ngts;
// Skip samples with all pdg's equal to 1. These have zero depth.
for (i=0; i<ngts; i++) if ( pdg[i]!=0.0 ) break;