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updated documentation
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scenarios/KernelBootIssuesRepairVM/kernel-related-boot-issues-repairvm.md

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Make sure the [serial console](serial-console-linux.md) is enabled and functional in the Linux VM.
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## <a id="missing-initramfs"></a>Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
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## Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
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This error occurs because of a recent system update (kernel). It's most commonly seen in RHEL-based distributions.
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You can [identify this issue from the Azure serial console](#identify-kernel-boot-issue). You'll see any of the following error messages:
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This kind of error indicates that the initramfs file isn't generated, the GRUB configuration file has the initrd entry missing after a patching process, or a GRUB manual misconfiguration.
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### <a id="missing-initramfs-alar"></a>Regenerate missing initramfs by using Azure Repair VM ALAR scripts
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### Regenerate missing initramfs by using Azure Repair VM ALAR scripts
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1. Create a repair VM by running the following Bash command line with [Azure Cloud Shell](/azure/cloud-shell/overview). For more information, see [Use Azure Linux Auto Repair (ALAR) to fix a Linux VM - initrd option](repair-linux-vm-using-ALAR.md#initrd). This command will regenerate the initrd/initramfs image, regenerate the GRUB configuration file if it has the initrd entry missing, and swap the OS disk
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scenarios/TroubleshootVMGrubError/troubleshoot-vm-grub-error-repairvm.md

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During the boot process, the boot loader tries to locate the Linux kernel and hand off the boot control. If this handoff can't be performed, the virtual machine (VM) enters a GRUB rescue console. The GRUB rescue console prompt isn't shown in the Azure serial console log, but it can be shown in the [Azure boot diagnostics screenshot](/azure/virtual-machines/boot-diagnostics#boot-diagnostics-view).
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## <a id="identify-grub-rescue-issue"></a>Identify GRUB rescue issue
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## Identify GRUB rescue issue
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[View a boot diagnostics screenshot](/azure/virtual-machines/boot-diagnostics#boot-diagnostics-view) in the VM **Boot diagnostics** page of the Azure portal. This screenshot helps diagnose the GRUB rescue issue and determine if a boot error causes the issue.
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grub rescue>
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```
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## <a id="offline-troubleshooting"></a>Troubleshoot GRUB rescue issue offline
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## Troubleshoot GRUB rescue issue offline
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1. To troubleshoot a GRUB rescue issue, a rescue/repair VM is required. Use [vm repair commands](repair-linux-vm-using-azure-virtual-machine-repair-commands.md) to create a repair VM that has a copy of the affected VM's OS disk attached. Mount the copy of the OS file systems in the repair VM by using [chroot](chroot-environment-linux.md).
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> [!NOTE]
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> In the commands mentioned in the following sections, replace `/dev/sdX` with the corresponding Operating System (OS) disk device.
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### <a id="offline-troubleshooting"></a> Reinstall GRUB and regenerate GRUB configuration file using Auto Repair (ALAR)
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### Reinstall GRUB and regenerate GRUB configuration file using Auto Repair (ALAR)
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Azure Linux Auto Repair (ALAR) scripts are part of the VM repair extension described in [Use Azure Linux Auto Repair (ALAR) to fix a Linux VM](./repair-linux-vm-using-alar.md). ALAR covers the automation of multiple repair scenarios, including GRUB rescue issues.
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