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lqueue.erl
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%% The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
%% Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
%% compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License
%% at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
%%
%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
%% the License for the specific language governing rights and
%% limitations under the License.
%%
%% The Original Code is RabbitMQ.
%%
%% The Initial Developer of the Original Code is GoPivotal, Inc.
%% Copyright (c) 2011-2014 GoPivotal, Inc. All rights reserved.
%%
-module(lqueue).
%% lqueue implements a subset of Erlang's queue module. lqueues
%% maintain their own length, so lqueue:len/1
%% is an O(1) operation, in contrast with queue:len/1 which is O(n).
-export([new/0, is_empty/1, len/1, in/2, in_r/2, out/1, out_r/1, join/2,
foldl/3, foldr/3, from_list/1, to_list/1, peek/1, peek_r/1]).
-define(QUEUE, queue).
-ifdef(use_specs).
-export_type([?MODULE/0]).
-opaque(?MODULE() :: {non_neg_integer(), ?QUEUE:?QUEUE()}).
-type(value() :: any()).
-type(result() :: 'empty' | {'value', value()}).
-spec(new/0 :: () -> ?MODULE()).
-spec(is_empty/1 :: (?MODULE()) -> boolean()).
-spec(len/1 :: (?MODULE()) -> non_neg_integer()).
-spec(in/2 :: (value(), ?MODULE()) -> ?MODULE()).
-spec(in_r/2 :: (value(), ?MODULE()) -> ?MODULE()).
-spec(out/1 :: (?MODULE()) -> {result(), ?MODULE()}).
-spec(out_r/1 :: (?MODULE()) -> {result(), ?MODULE()}).
-spec(join/2 :: (?MODULE(), ?MODULE()) -> ?MODULE()).
-spec(foldl/3 :: (fun ((value(), B) -> B), B, ?MODULE()) -> B).
-spec(foldr/3 :: (fun ((value(), B) -> B), B, ?MODULE()) -> B).
-spec(from_list/1 :: ([value()]) -> ?MODULE()).
-spec(to_list/1 :: (?MODULE()) -> [value()]).
-spec(peek/1 :: (?MODULE()) -> result()).
-spec(peek_r/1 :: (?MODULE()) -> result()).
-endif.
%% 创建一个新的队列,实际用的是OTP系统提供的queue队列模块(RabbitMQ系统实现的优化:将队列的长度保存在内存中,其他操作跟queue队列一样)
%% 此处lqueue只是对queue队列实现了一层封装
new() -> {0, ?QUEUE:new()}.
%% 判断队列是否为空
is_empty({0, _Q}) -> true;
is_empty(_) -> false.
%% 向队列中插入元素(从队列的尾部插入元素)
in(V, {L, Q}) -> {L + 1, ?QUEUE:in(V, Q)}.
%% 向队列中插入元素(从队列的头部插入元素)
in_r(V, {L, Q}) -> {L + 1, ?QUEUE:in_r(V, Q)}.
%% 从队列中取出元素(从队列的头部取出元素)
out({0, _Q} = Q) -> {empty, Q};
out({L, Q}) -> {Result, Q1} = ?QUEUE:out(Q),
{Result, {L - 1, Q1}}.
%% 从队列中取出元素(从队列的尾部取出元素)
out_r({0, _Q} = Q) -> {empty, Q};
out_r({L, Q}) -> {Result, Q1} = ?QUEUE:out_r(Q),
{Result, {L - 1, Q1}}.
%% 将Q1和Q2队列合并在一起
join({L1, Q1}, {L2, Q2}) -> {L1 + L2, ?QUEUE:join(Q1, Q2)}.
%% 将队列中的元素转化为列表
to_list({_L, Q}) -> ?QUEUE:to_list(Q).
%% 将列表中的元素组装为一个队列
from_list(L) -> {length(L), ?QUEUE:from_list(L)}.
%% 对队列中的元素进程foldl操作(从队列的头部取出元素)
foldl(Fun, Init, Q) ->
case out(Q) of
{empty, _Q} -> Init;
{{value, V}, Q1} -> foldl(Fun, Fun(V, Init), Q1)
end.
%% 对队列中的元素进程foldl操作(从队列的尾部取出元素)
foldr(Fun, Init, Q) ->
case out_r(Q) of
{empty, _Q} -> Init;
{{value, V}, Q1} -> foldr(Fun, Fun(V, Init), Q1)
end.
%% 拿到队列的长度
len({L, _Q}) -> L.
%% 拿到队列中头部的元素,但是不将该元素从队列中取出
peek({ 0, _Q}) -> empty;
peek({_L, Q}) -> ?QUEUE:peek(Q).
%% 拿到队列中尾部的元素,但是不将该元素从队列中取出
peek_r({ 0, _Q}) -> empty;
peek_r({_L, Q}) -> ?QUEUE:peek_r(Q).