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glossary.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta name="Description" content="The glossary page of a website with information about FDM 3d printing using cartesian style 3d printers. The A to Z of everything to do with 3d printing."/>
<title>Glossary</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.5.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-TX8t27EcRE3e/ihU7zmQxVncDAy5uIKz4rEkgIXeMed4M0jlfIDPvg6uqKI2xXr2" crossorigin="anonymous" />
<!--******************** bootstrap cdn ********************-->
<script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/35a878bce2.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!--******************** fontawesome import ********************-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/style.css" type="text/css" />
<!--******************** hover.css stylesheet import ********************-->
<link href="assets/libraries/hover-min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!--******************** favicons import ********************-->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="assets/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="assets/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="assets/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="assets/images/favicons/site.webmanifest">
</head>
<body>
<!--******************** Sign up Modal ********************-->
<div class="modal fade" id="signupModal" data-backdrop="static" data-keyboard="false" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="signupModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered row justify-content-center">
<div class="modal-content col-sm-8 content trans-modal">
<div class="modal-header">
<h4 class="modal-title" id="signupModalLabel"><strong>Newsletter</strong></h4>
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
Signing up to our Newsletter keeps you up to date with all the latest news and grants you discounts with our partners!
<form action="glossary.html">
<div class="form-row form-group text-center col-auto pt-4">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Name" name="full_name" id="fullname" required/>
</div>
<div class="form-row form-group text-center col-auto pb-4">
<input
type="email"
class="form-control"
placeholder="Email"
name="email"
id="emailaddress"
required
/>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer justify-content-center">
<input type="submit" class="btn sign-up" value="Sign Me Up!">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--******************** End Sign up Modal ********************-->
<header>
<!--******************** fully custom navbar utilising bootstrap ********************-->
<nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a href="index.html" class="navbar-brand">
<img src="assets/images/logowhite.svg" alt="3DPrintQ logo" />
</a>
<button
class="navbar-toggler ml-auto"
type="button"
data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#navbarNav"
aria-controls="navbarNav"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle navigation"
>
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link hvr-underline-from-center" href="index.html">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link hvr-underline-from-center" href="index.html#about">About</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link hvr-underline-from-center" href="builds.html">Builds</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item dropdown mr-auto active">
<a class="nav-link btn dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button"
data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
Resources
</a>
<div class="dropdown-menu" id="dropdown" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
<a class="dropdown-item hvr-underline-from-center" href="podcasts-and-videos.html">Podcasts & Videos</a>
<a class="dropdown-item hvr-underline-from-center" href="articles.html">Articles</a>
<a class="dropdown-item active"
href="glossary.html">Glossary<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link sign-up hvr-grow" href="#signupModal" data-toggle="modal">Sign-up</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<!--******************** end navbar ********************-->
<main>
<!--******************** main ********************-->
<div class="container-fluid mb-4">
<div class="row text-center">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<h1 class="page-head">Glossary</h1>
<!--******************** about page section ********************-->
<div class="row about">
<div class="col-md-8 offset-md-2 col-lg-4 offset-lg-4">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs justify-content-center padding" id="glossary-tab" role="tablist">
<!--******************** A-Z buttons ********************-->
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** 3D button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#threeCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="threeCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-threeCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>3D</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** A button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#aCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="aCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-aCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>A</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** B button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#bCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="bCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-bCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>B</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** C button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#cCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="cCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-cCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>C</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** D button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#dCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="dCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-dCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>D</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** E button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#eCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="eCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-eCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>E</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** F button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#fCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="fCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-fCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>F</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** G button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#gCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="gCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-gCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>G</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** H button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#hCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="hCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-hCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>H</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** I button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#iCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="iCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-iCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>I</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** J button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#jCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="jCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-jCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>J</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** K button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#kCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="kCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-kCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>K</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** L button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#lCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="lCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-lCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>L</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** M button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#mCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="mCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-mCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>M</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** N button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#nCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="nCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-nCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>N</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** O button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#oCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="oCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-oCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>O</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** P button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#pCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="pCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-pCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>P</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** Q button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#qCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="qCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-qCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>Q</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** R button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#rCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="rCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-rCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>R</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--********************S button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#sCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="sCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-sCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>S</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** T button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#tCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="tCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-tCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>T</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** U button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#uCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="uCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-uCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>U</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** V button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#vCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="vCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-vCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>V</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** W button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#wCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="wCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-wCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>W</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** X button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#xCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="xCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-xCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>X</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** Y button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#yCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="yCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-yCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>Y</button>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<!--******************** Z button ********************-->
<button
class="btn"
type="button"
data-toggle="tab"
data-target="#zCollapse"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="zCollapse"
role="tab"
id="glossary-zCollapse-tab"
aria-selected="false"
>Z</button>
</li>
</ul>
<!--******************** End A-Z Buttons ********************-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<!--******************** A-Z of Glossary ********************-->
<div class="row tab-content mt-5" id="glossary-tabContent">
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade show active mt-3" id="threeCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** 3D ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>3D model</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A 3D design typically produced on a CAD program.</dd>
<dt><dfn>3D modelling<strong></strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The act of using 3D CAD programs to produce a design.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>3D printer</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>An additive manufacturing machine that constructs a solid shape by building one layer at
a time.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>3D printing</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The act of using an additive manufacturing machine (3D printer) to produce a solid
object one layer at a time using a computer model (also known as additive
manufacturing).
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>3D scan</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A process that captures the geometry of a real-world object and uses that data to
produce a 3D model.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="aCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** A ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>ABS</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a thermoplastic polymer commonly used in FDM 3D
printing.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Acetone treatment</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A post processing treatment often applied to 3D printed ABS parts to smooth the surface.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Additive manufacturing</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The process of fabricating a part by adding material in layers (also known as 3D
printing).
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Amorphous</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Any noncrystalline solid in which the atoms and molecules are not organized in a
definite lattice pattern. Glass and polymers are typical amorphous solids. The opposite
to crystalline.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Anisotropic</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A material that has varying physical properties when measured in different directions.
Wood and composites are common examples of anisotropic materials. The opposite to
isotropic.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="bCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** B ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Binder jetting</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Binder Jetting uses thin layers of powder to build up a 3D model. A colored binding
agent extruded from a nozzle binding the powder together, solidifying the object with
the desired colored surface. After the printing process, the models are strengthened
with superglue and UV coated to prevent de-coloration by sunlight.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Breakaway Support Technology (BST)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Used by printers which add disposable supports to sloping, or overhanging parts. These
supports then have to be manually removed by hand when the object is complete.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Brim</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A single flat layer printed around the base of a model to prevent warping. The width of
the brim can typically be altered in a slicer program.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Bridge</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Occurs when the printer is required to print between 2 supports or anchor points.
Because there is no support offered for the initial layer being printed (there is
nothing to build upon) and it is required to “bridge” a gap.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Brittleness</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A property of materials where it breaks without significant deformation. Chalk and
ceramics are examples of brittle materials.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Build Envelope</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The maximum physical size of print that can be produced by a specific 3D printer. Build
envelopes vary greatly, and are an important consideration when choosing a 3D printer.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Build plate</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The area where a 3D print is printed upon. Also commonly called print bed, or bed. Can
also refer to a ‘heated bed’ in which the build plate is kept warm to prevent warping or
curling.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Build resolution</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Typically refers to the layer height that a 3D print is printed at. Similar to the
resolution on a television or computer monitor but in 3D the lower the build layer
height the higher the part resolution.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Build time</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The total time it takes for a 3D printer to complete a 3D print.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="cCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** C ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>CAD</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Computer aided design – a method of design where a computer program is used to create 3D
objects in the form of electronic files.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Calibration</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Alignment of one part relative to another, such as the parallel alignment that would be
found between the print bed and extrusion nozzle of a 3D printer.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Casting</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The process of pouring a liquid material (typically metal) into a hollow cavity to
produce a solid part of a specific shape.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>CNC machining</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Computer numerically controlled machining – a subtractive method of manufacturing that
involves a computerized machine removing material over a predetermined path to produce a
final part.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Creep</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The tendency for materials to move or deform over time when subjected to a continuous
load. Resins and polymers often experience this phenomena.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Crystalline</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Any solid in which the atoms and molecules are organized in a lattice pattern. Metals
are crystalline solids. The opposite to amorphous.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Cupping</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Occurs in the SLA process when a hollow section of a print sucks up resin during the
peel process (similar to a an upside down empty cup entering water). This suction effect
can cause a part with thin walls to fracture.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Curling</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>An upward contraction of extruded filament from the bottom outer edges of a print inward
due to factors such as uneven heating and cooling.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Curing</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Hardening of resin or photopolymers used for 3D printing typically done with a UV light.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="dCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** D ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>DLP (Digital Light Processing)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A display device based on optical micro-electro-mechanical technology that uses a
digital micro mirror device. This technology is used in DLP front projectors, but also
used in additive manufacturing as a power source in some printers to cure resins into
solid 3D objects.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Dual Extruder</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>An extruder with two nozzles that allows for printing with multiple colors, textures,
and resolutions. Dual extruders also allow for simultaneous printing.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Ductility</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A material is said to be ductile if it is able to be deformed without losing toughness.
Wire is an example of a ductile material. The opposite to brittle.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="eCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** E ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Elongation</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Pulling or stretching a material. An important term in plastics to understand how a
material will deform under load.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>End part</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A component that is intended to be used directly in a functional capacity.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>End Stop</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>RepRap’s Cartesian axes all need a datum (also known as home position or end-stop) to
reference their movements. At the start of each build each axis needs to back up until
the datum point is reached. The switches also help protect the machine from moving past
its intended range and damaging itself.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Extrude</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The act of placing the build material on the build platform, normally by heating
thermoplastic to a liquid state and pushing it through a small nozzle in order to build
up a 3D object as it cools and solidifies.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Extruder</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The part of a 3D printer which consists of a cold end to pull in the build material and
a hot end to melt and extrude the build material.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="fCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** F ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>uses a string of solid material (filament), pushing it through a heated nozzle and
melting it in the process. The printer continuously moves this nozzle around, laying
down the melted material at a precise location, where it instantly cools down and
solidifies. This builds up the model layer by layer. The most common 3D printing
technology.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Flexural strength</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The stress (in MPa) at failure in bending.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Filament</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The general term given to the material used in FDM. Typically supplied in coils or rolls
the filament is heated up and fed through the nozzle to deposit the material on the
build plate.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Functional Prototype</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The general term given to the material used in FDM. Typically supplied in coils or rolls
the filament is heated up and fed through the nozzle to deposit the material on the
build plate.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>uses a string of solid material (filament), pushing it through a heated nozzle and
melting it in the process. The printer continuously moves this nozzle around, laying
down the melted material at a precise location, where it instantly cools down and
solidifies. This builds up the model layer by layer. The most common 3D printing
technology.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="gCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** G ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Glass transition temperature</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The temperature region where a material transitions from a hard, glassy material to a
soft, rubbery material.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>G-code</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The common name for the most widely used numerical control (NC) programming language. It
is used in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools (like CNC’s
and 3D printers).
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="hCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** H ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Hollow</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A 3D print that is not solid and also does not contain any infill. Hollow models are
much faster and cheaper to print but have very low strength.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Hot End</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Nozzle part of an extruder which heats the build material and extrudes it to build up
the final object.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="iCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** I ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Infill</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A value usually represented in percentage that shows how much a solid model should be
filled in with material when printed. 100% infill means the part is completely solid.
Infill is used to make 3D printing cheaper and faster.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Islands</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Occur in SLA printing and refer to cross sectional areas of a model that are not
connected.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Injection molding</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The process of injecting plastic in a melted liquid form into a die. The plastic fills
the empty cavities of the die and cools until it has solidified. The solid plastic part
is then ejected from the die and the process is repeated again.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Isotropic</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A material that has the same physical properties in all directions. Glass and metal are
common examples of isotropic materials. The opposite to anisotropic.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="jCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** J ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Jig</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A frame used to hold components or parts in a fixed position used in the assembly or
manufacturing process.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="kCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** K ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>K</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>K nothing to see here really!</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="lCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** L ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Layer height</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Sometimes called print resolution this is the height of each layer of a 3D print
typically measured in microns. Also called layer thickness.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="mCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** M ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Melting point</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The temperature a solid melts or turns into a liquid.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Metal printing</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The process of 3D printing in metal. Objects are created from thin layers of powdered
material by selectively sintering or melting it using a high power laser. There are a
large range of metal printing technologies.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Metal powder</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The material used for metal printing.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Micron</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A measurement of distance regularly used to describe 3D printing layer height. 1000th of
a millimeter. A human hair is approximately 17 microns thick.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Model Repositories</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Digital libraries or storage places for 3D model files.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="nCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** N ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Nozzle</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The part of a 3D printer where the build material is extruded from.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Nozzle diameter</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The diameter of the material that is extruded out of the nozzle. This plays an important
role in FDM where shells and walls should be a multiple of nozzle diameter.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Mathematical representations of 3D geometry that can accurately describe any shape.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Nylon powder</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A common build material used in the SLS printing process.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="oCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** O ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>OBJ file</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A geometry definition file. CAD models are exported as OBJ files then imported into a
slicer program. The slicer program then converts the file into G-code to be interpreted
by the 3D printer. Similar to .STL files.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Offset</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>In 3D printing offset refers to layers that are not printed directly inline with one
another and are instead shifted to the side. This is often a printer calibration issue
and will impact the quality of a print.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Overhang</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Overhangs occur when a newly printed layer of material is only partially supported by
the layer below. Angled walls are considered overhangs and depending on the print
technology and angle often require support to print successfully.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="pCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** P ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>PLA</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer commonly used in FDM 3D printing. It is
derived from corn starch or sugar cane.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Photopolymer</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A polymer that changes its properties when exposed to light. For 3D printing this
generally refers to photopolymers that are in a liquid/resin state and harden when
exposed to UV light.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Polyjet</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Similar to inkjet printing, but instead of jetting drops of ink onto paper, jets
droplets of liquid photopolymer (in layers) onto a build tray and cures them instantly
using UV light. The results are fully cured objects that can be handled and used
immediately.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Polymer</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A material whose molecular structure is composed of multiple repeating units. Natural
polymeric materials include amber, wool, silk and natural rubber while synthetic
polymers include resin, nylon, polystyrene and silicon.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Positioning Precision</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Refers to how precisely the nozzle moves to each designated point in a print.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Post processing</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Any act of improving the appearance or material properties of a 3d print after it has
been printed. This covers a large range of processes in 3D printing that vary by
technology (support removal, UV curing, heat treating, sanding, tumbling, polishing,
painting etc).
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Print head</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The part of a 3D printer where material is extruded/jetted from. Is an assembly of
multiple components including the nozzle in the case of FDM.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Print speed</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The speed the print head moves around the build plate typically measured in mm/s. 50mm/s
is a common speed for desktop FDM printing.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Print volume</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The largest possible dimensions a 3D printer is able to print at. Varies significantly
by technology.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Prototype</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>An early part or model of a design built before production to test form, function,
aesthetics and interaction usually at a low cost. Prototypes are typically items to
learn from to improve a design.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="qCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** Q ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Q</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Q - Got a question? Why not Contact us below!</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="rCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** R ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Raft</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A thick grid with a roof that is added to the base of the part to limit the likelihood
of warping occurring. Different to a skirt or brim.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Rapid prototyping (RP)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The process of creating physical prototypes directly from digital data.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Resin</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A solid or highly viscous substance which is typically converted into a polymer. SLA
uses resin exposed to UV light (a lazer) to build a part layer by layer.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="sCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** S ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Shell</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>In FDM printing the shell refers to the walls of the print that are exposed to the
outside of the model. FDM will print shells at the perimeter of the model and then fill
the model with infill. Different to wall thickness.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Sintering</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The process of fusing particles together to form a solid mass of material using heat or
pressure without melting it.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Skirt</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A line that is initially printed around the print (but not connected to the print) to
clean the nozzle head.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>SLA</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Stereolithography (SLA) creates 3D prints out of a liquid (photopolymer) resin,
solidifying the material layer by layer using a lazer.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Slicer</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Software required to convert a digital 3D model into machine readable code for the 3D
printer. The slicer cuts the model into horizontal layers (slices) and generates the
toolpaths needed to fill them.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>SLS</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) uses a laser to shape and form extremely thin layers of
powdered material by melting or sintering it together one layer at a time to create a
solid structure.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>STL file</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A geometry definition file that uses triangles to describe the surfaces of a 3D model..
CAD models are exported as STL files then imported into a slicer program. The slicer
program then converts the file into G-code to be interpreted by the 3D printer.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Stepping Motor / Stepper Motor</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>A motor capable of very precise small movements, as opposed to the high-speed spinning
produced by regular motors. Stepping motors are used to control the position of the
print head on each of the x and y axes, while a third stepping motor shuffles the bed
down along the z axis after each layer is printed; a fourth stepping motor is used to
push the filament through the Bowden cable.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Strain</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Measure of the deformation of the material relative to its original shape measured in
mm/mm (or a dimensionless ratio).
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Stress</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The internal forces that particles of a material exert on each other measured in
Pascals.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Subtractive manufacturing</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Any manufacturing process that removes material to form a final shape (milling, turning
etc). The opposite to additive manufacturing (3D printing).
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Support</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>Support is the extra material that is printed during a 3D print allowing a design with
complex geometry to be successfully printed. Support is required to successfully print
overhangs and bridges and is removed and discarded in the post processing stage.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Surface finish</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>In 3D printing this refers to the roughness of the surface of a 3D printed part.
Generally qualitative.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 tab-pane fade mt-3" id="tCollapse" role="tabpanel">
<!--******************** T ********************-->
<dl>
<dt><dfn><strong>Tank (resin)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The area where resin sits before being cured in the SLA process.</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Temperature differential</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The difference in temperature between 2 points. In 3D printing reducing the temperature
differential between 2 nearby points reduces the likelihood of warping or deformation.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Tensile strength (ultimate)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The stress (usually in MPa) at which a material will fracture or break when subjected to
a tensile load.
</dd>
<dt><dfn><strong>Tensile strength (yield)</strong></dfn></dt>
<dd>The stress (usually in MPa) at which a material will shift from elastic deformation
(returning to its original shape) to plastic deformation (permanent deformation) when
subjected to a tensile load.