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Add Iterators.first and Iterators.last which don't throw for empty collections #37119

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Add Iterators.first and Iterators.last which don't throw for empty collections #37119

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39a39e9
Add methods of first and last accepting a predicate
non-Jedi Aug 19, 2020
c89a724
Use return keyword instead of implicit return
non-Jedi Aug 19, 2020
f477520
Fixup code style in docstrings
non-Jedi Aug 20, 2020
8c425f7
Add compat annotations to docstrings
non-Jedi Aug 20, 2020
16a19f9
Create Iterators.first and Iterators.last
non-Jedi Aug 27, 2020
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65 changes: 65 additions & 0 deletions base/abstractarray.jl
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -343,6 +343,34 @@ function first(itr)
x[1]
end

"""
first(predicate, coll)

Get the first element of `coll` satisfying `predicate` wrapped in `Some`.
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If no element of `coll` satisfies `predicate`, return `nothing`.
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@mbauman mbauman Aug 20, 2020 •
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This is interesting — and deviates from the existing first which would throw an error. This gives me a bit of pause, but at a minimum it means that we cannot combine these docstrings:

julia> first(_->true, [])

julia> first([])
ERROR: BoundsError: attempt to access 0-element Array{Any,1} at index [1]

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Good point on the docstrings.


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# Examples
```jldoctest
julia> first(>(5), 1:10)
Some(6)

julia> first(isodd, 2:2:10) |> isnothing
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true

julia> first(iseven, [5; 3; 4; 2; 6; 8]) |> something
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4

julia> something(first(>(10), 1:10), 0)
0
```
"""
function first(predicate, itr)
for x in itr
predicate(x) && return Some(x)
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I'm not thrilled about Some here — I don't think we have a single API in base that returns Some. That said, this is unlike the other find/search APIs in that they return indices or RegexMatches or values from some other limited type set that does not include Nothing.

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@non-Jedi non-Jedi Aug 27, 2020 •
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I think I've convinced myself that at the very least this should be a separate function from first/last. Does Iterators.first (as suggested in OP) sound like a good name to you? In that case, we wouldn't have to create a predicate accepting version as it would compose with Iterators.filter. EDIT: this PR now implements Iterators.first instead.

In reality, I think all APIs that generically return an element of a collection but throw if the element isn't present should instead return Union{Some{T},Nothing}. This includes first, last, getindex, reduce, foldl, etc. This is obviously breaking; I should probably create a "Taking something seriously" issue to get feedback on that idea for julia 2.0.

end
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end

"""
first(itr, n::Integer)

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -388,6 +416,43 @@ julia> last([1; 2; 3; 4])
"""
last(a) = a[end]

"""
last(predicate, coll)

Get the last element of `coll` satisfying `predicate` wrapped in `Some`.
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If no element of `coll` satisfies `predicate`, return `nothing`.

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# Examples
```jldoctest
julia> last(<(5), 1:10)
Some(4)

julia> last(isodd, 2:2:10) |> isnothing
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true

julia> last(iseven, [5; 3; 4; 2; 6; 9]) |> something
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6

julia> something(last(>(10), 1:10), 0)
0
```
"""
function last(predicate, itr)
out = nothing
for x in itr
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out = ifelse(predicate(x), Some(x), out)
end
out
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end

# faster version for arrays
function last(predicate, a::AbstractArray)
@inbounds for i in reverse(eachindex(a))
predicate(a[i]) && return Some(a[i])
end
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end

"""
last(itr, n::Integer)

Expand Down
10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions test/abstractarray.jl
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Expand Up @@ -1141,3 +1141,13 @@ end
@test last(itr, 1) == [itr[end]]
@test_throws ArgumentError last(itr, -6)
end

@testset "first/last element satisfying predicate of $(typeof(itr))" for itr in (1:9,
collect(1:9),
reshape(1:9, (3, 3)),
ntuple(identity, 9))
@test first(>(5), itr) |> something == 6
@test last(<(5), itr) |> something == 4
@test first(>(9), itr) == nothing
@test last(>(9), itr) == nothing
end