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08. calculadora.py
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08. calculadora.py
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import tkinter as tk
class Calculator(object):
'''Esta clase construye y manipula una calculadora gráfica'''
def __init__(self, parent=tk.Tk()):
self.parent = parent
self.parent.title("PyCalc - Calculator")
self.parent.option_add("*Font", "Verdana 12 normal")
self.parent.iconbitmap("15. interfaces graficas/icons/calculadora.ico")
# Variable de control, utilizada en método key_press
self.decimal_point_open = False
# Variable que contiene la expresión de punto para calculo
self.math_expression = None
# Menú
menu_bar = tk.Menu(self.parent)
menu_bar.add_command(label="About", command=self.about)
self.parent.config(menu=menu_bar)
# Elementos del display
self.display_stringvar = tk.StringVar()
display_entry_validate = (self.parent.register(
self.only_number_entry), '%S', '%d')
self.display = tk.Entry(self.parent, font=("Verdana", 20, "normal"), validate="key",
validatecommand=display_entry_validate, textvariable=self.display_stringvar)
self.display.bind('<Return>', self.calc_expression)
# Elementos del teclado numérico
self.btn0 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="0",
command=lambda: self.button_press('0'))
self.btn1 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="1",
command=lambda: self.button_press('1'))
self.btn2 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="2",
command=lambda: self.button_press('2'))
self.btn3 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="3",
command=lambda: self.button_press('3'))
self.btn4 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="4",
command=lambda: self.button_press('4'))
self.btn5 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="5",
command=lambda: self.button_press('5'))
self.btn6 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="6",
command=lambda: self.button_press('6'))
self.btn7 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="7",
command=lambda: self.button_press('7'))
self.btn8 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="8",
command=lambda: self.button_press('8'))
self.btn9 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="9",
command=lambda: self.button_press('9'))
self.btn_plus = tk.Button(
self.parent, text="+", command=lambda: self.button_press('+'))
self.btn_menos = tk.Button(
self.parent, text="-", command=lambda: self.button_press('-'))
self.btn_multiplica = tk.Button(
self.parent, text="*", command=lambda: self.button_press('*'))
self.btn_divide = tk.Button(
self.parent, text="/", command=lambda: self.button_press('/'))
self.btn_point = tk.Button(
self.parent, text=".", command=lambda: self.button_press('.'))
self.btn_igual = tk.Button(
self.parent, text="=", command=lambda: self.button_press('='))
self.btn_clean = tk.Button(
self.parent, text="Clean", command=self.clean)
self.btn_close = tk.Button(
self.parent, text="Close(Esc)", command=lambda: self.parent.destroy())
self.parent.bind("<Escape>", lambda event=None: self.parent.destroy())
self.mount_gui()
self.parent.mainloop()
# Monta y configura los componentes gráficos
def mount_gui(self):
self.display.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4,
sticky="ewns", ipady=5, padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn0.grid(row=4, column=0, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn1.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn2.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn3.grid(row=3, column=2, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn4.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn5.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn6.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn7.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn8.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn9.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_plus.grid(row=3, column=3, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_menos.grid(row=2, column=3, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_divide.grid(row=4, column=3, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_multiplica.grid(
row=1, column=3, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_point.grid(row=4, column=1, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_igual.grid(row=4, column=2, sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_clean.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2,
sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
self.btn_close.grid(row=5, column=2, columnspan=2,
sticky="ewns", padx=2, pady=2)
# Limpia el display
def clean(self):
self.display_stringvar.set("")
self.decimal_point_open = False
# Tecla About
def about(self):
about_window = tk.Toplevel(self.parent)
about_window.title("PyCalc - About")
about_window.iconbitmap("calculadora.ico")
tk.Label(about_window, text="PyCalc", font=("Verdana", 15, "bold")).grid(
row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="s")
tk.Label(about_window, text="Simple Calculator").grid(
row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="s")
tk.Label(about_window, text="Made with Python 3 and Tkinter").grid(
row=2, column=0, sticky="s", padx=5)
tk.Label(about_window, text="Development by Juan Carlos Estevez Vargas").grid(row=3,
column=0, sticky="s", padx=5)
# Validador de Entrys solamente expresiones matemáticas válidas
def only_number_entry(self, key_press, cod):
expression_now = self.display_stringvar.get()
num_chars_now = len(expression_now)
if(num_chars_now == 0):
valid_chars_for_init = "0123456789"
return key_press in valid_chars_for_init
else:
last_char = expression_now[num_chars_now-1]
# Si el último elemento insertado es un operador, solo acepta números o retroceso
if(last_char in "+-*/" and key_press in "+-*/." and cod == '1'):
return False
# Controla el uso del punto decimal
# Evita dos operadores seguidos
elif(last_char in "+-*/" and key_press in "+-*/." and cod == '0'):
return True
elif(last_char == '.' and key_press in "+-*/." and cod == '1'):
return False
elif(last_char == '.' and key_press in "+-*/." and cod == '0'):
return True
elif(self.decimal_point_open and key_press == '.'):
return False
elif(not self.decimal_point_open and key_press == '.'):
self.decimal_point_open = True
return True
elif(last_char in "0123456789" and key_press in "+-*/"):
self.decimal_point_open = False
return True
# Botón de interfaz presionado
def button_press(self, bt):
expresion_now = self.display_stringvar.get()
char_num = len(expresion_now)
# Define caracteres válidos para el comienzo de la expresión
if(char_num == 0):
valid_chars_for_init = "0123456789"
if(bt in valid_chars_for_init):
expresion_now += bt
self.display_stringvar.set(expresion_now)
else:
# Controla do uso de punto decimal
last_char = expresion_now[char_num - 1]
if(bt == '.' and not last_char in "+-*/"):
if(self.decimal_point_open):
print("punto decimal no disponible")
else:
expresion_now += bt
self.display_stringvar.set(expresion_now)
self.decimal_point_open = True
else:
if(last_char in ".0123456789" and bt in "0123456789"):
expresion_now += bt
self.display_stringvar.set(expresion_now)
elif(last_char in "0123456789" and not self.decimal_point_open and bt in "+-*/"):
expresion_now += bt
self.display_stringvar.set(expresion_now)
elif(self.decimal_point_open and not last_char == '.' and bt in "+-*/"):
expresion_now += bt
self.display_stringvar.set(expresion_now)
self.decimal_point_open = False
# Controlar el uso de operadores
elif(last_char in "+-*/" and bt in "0123456789"):
expresion_now += bt
self.display_stringvar.set(expresion_now)
# Botón = presionado, obtener resultado
elif(bt == '=' and last_char in "0123456789"):
# Calcula la expresión
self.calc_expression()
def prepare_expression(self):
elementos = []
indice = 0
for char in self.display_stringvar.get():
# Inicializar la lista con el primer número
if(len(elementos) == 0 and char in "0123456789"):
elementos.append(char)
# Nuevo operador como nuevo elemento de lista
elif(len(elementos) > 0 and char in "+-*/"):
elementos.append(char)
indice += 1
elif(elementos[indice] in "+-*/"):
elementos.append(char)
indice += 1
else:
elementos[indice] += char
# Guarda la expresión preparada como un atributo del objeto
self.math_expression = elementos
# Calcula la expresión
def calc_expression(self, event=None):
self.prepare_expression()
# multiplicación y división, precedencia: lo que ocurra primero de izquierda a derecha
while ("*" in self.math_expression or "/" in self.math_expression):
indice = 0
for element in self.math_expression:
if (element == '*'):
v1 = float(self.math_expression[indice - 1])
v2 = float(self.math_expression[indice + 1])
result = str(v1 * v2)
self.math_expression[indice] = result
self.math_expression.pop(indice + 1)
self.math_expression.pop(indice - 1)
indice += 1
break
elif (element == '/'):
v1 = float(self.math_expression[indice - 1])
v2 = float(self.math_expression[indice + 1])
result = str(v1 / v2)
self.math_expression[indice] = result
self.math_expression.pop(indice + 1)
self.math_expression.pop(indice - 1)
indice += 1
break
else:
indice += 1
# Adición y sustracción
# Repetir hasta que solo quede el resultado
while (len(self.math_expression) > 1):
indice = 0
for element in self.math_expression:
if (element == '+'):
v1 = float(self.math_expression[indice - 1])
v2 = float(self.math_expression[indice + 1])
result = str(v1 + v2)
self.math_expression[indice] = result
self.math_expression.pop(indice + 1)
self.math_expression.pop(indice - 1)
indice += 1
break
if (element == '-'):
v1 = float(self.math_expression[indice - 1])
v2 = float(self.math_expression[indice + 1])
result = str(v1 - v2)
self.math_expression[indice] = result
self.math_expression.pop(indice + 1)
self.math_expression.pop(indice - 1)
indice += 1
break
else:
indice += 1
final_result = str(round(float(self.math_expression[0]), 1))
# Insertar el resultado en la pantalla
self.display_stringvar.set(final_result)
if __name__ == "__main__":
calculadora = Calculator()