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安卓IPC机制-多进程.html
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<h4 id="什么是IPC"><a href="#什么是IPC" class="headerlink" title="什么是IPC"></a>什么是IPC</h4><p> IPC是指进程间通信或者跨进程通信，指两个进程之间交换数据的过程。而IPC使用的场景往往是在多进程之间进行通信。</p>
<h4 id="Android开启多进程"><a href="#Android开启多进程" class="headerlink" title="Android开启多进程"></a>Android开启多进程</h4><p> 通过给Activity指定android:process属性来开启多进程模式,如下示例，<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><application</span><br><span class="line"> android:allowBackup="true"</span><br><span class="line"> android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"</span><br><span class="line"> android:label="@string/app_name"</span><br><span class="line"> android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"</span><br><span class="line"> android:supportsRtl="true"</span><br><span class="line"> android:theme="@style/AppTheme"></span><br><span class="line"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity"></span><br><span class="line"> <intent-filter></span><br><span class="line"> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /></span><br><span class="line"> </intent-filter></span><br><span class="line"> </activity></span><br><span class="line"> <activity android:name=".ThirdActivity" </span><br><span class="line"> android:process=":remote"</span><br><span class="line"> /></span><br><span class="line"> <activity android:name=".SecondActivity" </span><br><span class="line"> android:process="com.jie.demo_01.remote"</span><br><span class="line"> /></span><br><span class="line"> </application></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>示例中实现了两种不同的写法，这两种写法是有区别的,当ThirdActivity启动，系统会单独开启一个叫com.jie.demo_01:remote的进程(com.jie.demo_01为包名),当启动SecondActivity,系统会单独开启一个叫com.jie.demo_01.remote的进程，其中，“：”代表要在当前进程名前面加上当前的包名，并且代表此进程为私有进程，其他应用不能和它跑在一个进程中，而没有”：”的为全局进程。SecondActivity的这种写法，是一种完整的命名方式，不会附加包名信息。</p>
<h4 id="开启多进程的一些坑"><a href="#开启多进程的一些坑" class="headerlink" title="开启多进程的一些坑"></a>开启多进程的一些坑</h4><p>当一个Activity单独开启了一个进程，那么这个Activity就不能和别的进程的Activity共享数据了，只能通过IPC机制来传递数据。</p>
<p>例如我申明了一个静态变量 Userid = 1;我在MainActivity中把它改为了2，我在SecondActivity中开启了一个进程，我获取这个Userid，你会发现Userid还是1，这是因为Android会为每一个进程分配一个虚拟机，不同的虚拟机在内存分配上会有不同的地址空间，所以Userid会在不同的虚拟机上产生不同的副本，并且副本之间是互不干扰的,我在MainActivity中把它改为2，在SecondActivity中的副本是不会变得,可以理解为又新开启了一个应用，所以，一般来说，多进程之间会存在下列一些问题：</p>
<ul>
<li>静态成员和单例模式无效</li>
<li>线程同步机制失效</li>
<li>SharedPreferences的存储结果变得不再可靠</li>
<li>Application会多次创建</li>
</ul>
<p>为了解决这些问题，系统引入了IPC机制，用于在进程间共享和传递数据，IPC的方式主要有以下几种：</p>
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<li>使用Bundle</li>
<li>使用文件共享</li>
<li>使用Messenger</li>
<li>使用AIDL</li>
</ul>
<p>其中Messenger底层其实使用的AILD，AIDL其实是依靠Binder,下一章将详细介绍这几种方法。</p>
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