feat(external-search): add Semantic Scholar search

InAnYan · InAnYan · commit 0bda89cb61ac · 2025-11-23T13:32:41.000+01:00
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Note that this project **does not** adhere to [Semantic Versioning](https://semv
 - We added the possibility to configure the email provided to unpaywall. [#14340](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/pull/14340)
 - We added a "Regenerate" button for the AI chat allowing the user to make the language model reformulate its response to the previous prompt. [#12191](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/12191)
 - We added support for transliteration of fields to English and automatic transliteration of generated citation key. [#11377](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/11377)
-- We added support for "Search Google Scholar" to quickly search for a selected entry's title in Google Scholar directly from the main table's context menu [#12268](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/12268)
+- We added support for "Search Google Scholar" and "Search Semantic Scholar" to quickly search for a selected entry's title in Google Scholar or Semantic Scholar directly from the main table's context menu [#12268](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/12268)
 - We introduced a new "Search Engine URL Template" setting in Preferences to allow users to customize their search engine URL templates [#12268](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/12268)
 
 ### Changed
diff --git a/build-logic/java-module-packaging b/build-logic/java-module-packaging
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit a9efaeed93805124226c195635568a69a0d56eb0
diff --git a/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/actions/StandardActions.java b/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/actions/StandardActions.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ public enum StandardActions implements Action {
     EXTRACT_FILE_REFERENCES_OFFLINE(Localization.lang("Extract references from file (offline)"), IconTheme.JabRefIcons.FILE_STAR),
     OPEN_URL(Localization.lang("Open URL or DOI"), IconTheme.JabRefIcons.WWW, KeyBinding.OPEN_URL_OR_DOI),
     SEARCH_GOOGLE_SCHOLAR(Localization.lang("Search Google Scholar")),
+    SEARCH_SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR(Localization.lang("Search Semantic Scholar")),
     SEARCH_SHORTSCIENCE(Localization.lang("Search ShortScience")),
     SEARCH(Localization.lang("Search...")),
     MERGE_WITH_FETCHED_ENTRY(Localization.lang("Get bibliographic data from %0", "DOI/ISBN/..."), KeyBinding.MERGE_WITH_FETCHED_ENTRY),
diff --git a/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/maintable/RightClickMenu.java b/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/maintable/RightClickMenu.java
@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ private static Menu createSearchSubMenu(ActionFactory factory,
         Menu searchMenu = factory.createMenu(StandardActions.SEARCH);
         searchMenu.getItems().addAll(
                 factory.createMenuItem(StandardActions.SEARCH_GOOGLE_SCHOLAR, new SearchGoogleScholarAction(dialogService, stateManager, preferences)),
+                factory.createMenuItem(StandardActions.SEARCH_SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR, new SearchSemanticScholarAction(dialogService, stateManager, preferences)),
                 factory.createMenuItem(StandardActions.SEARCH_SHORTSCIENCE, new SearchShortScienceAction(dialogService, stateManager, preferences))
         );
         return searchMenu;
diff --git a/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/maintable/SearchSemanticScholarAction.java b/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/maintable/SearchSemanticScholarAction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package org.jabref.gui.maintable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javafx.beans.binding.BooleanExpression;
+
+import org.jabref.gui.DialogService;
+import org.jabref.gui.StateManager;
+import org.jabref.gui.actions.SimpleCommand;
+import org.jabref.gui.desktop.os.NativeDesktop;
+import org.jabref.gui.preferences.GuiPreferences;
+import org.jabref.logic.l10n.Localization;
+import org.jabref.logic.util.ExternalLinkCreator;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.BibEntry;
+import org.jabref.model.entry.field.StandardField;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import static org.jabref.gui.actions.ActionHelper.isFieldSetForSelectedEntry;
+import static org.jabref.gui.actions.ActionHelper.needsEntriesSelected;
+
+public class SearchSemanticScholarAction extends SimpleCommand {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SearchSemanticScholarAction .class);
+
+    private final DialogService dialogService;
+    private final StateManager stateManager;
+    private final GuiPreferences preferences;
+    private final ExternalLinkCreator externalLinkCreator;
+
+    public SearchSemanticScholarAction(DialogService dialogService, StateManager stateManager, GuiPreferences preferences) {
+        this.dialogService = dialogService;
+        this.stateManager = stateManager;
+        this.preferences = preferences;
+
+        this.externalLinkCreator = new ExternalLinkCreator(preferences.getImporterPreferences());
+
+        BooleanExpression fieldIsSet = isFieldSetForSelectedEntry(StandardField.TITLE, stateManager);
+        this.executable.bind(needsEntriesSelected(1, stateManager).and(fieldIsSet));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute() {
+        stateManager.getActiveDatabase().ifPresent(databaseContext -> {
+            final List<BibEntry> bibEntries = stateManager.getSelectedEntries();
+            externalLinkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(bibEntries.getFirst()).ifPresent(url -> {
+                try {
+                    NativeDesktop.openExternalViewer(databaseContext, preferences, url, StandardField.URL, dialogService, bibEntries.getFirst());
+                } catch (IOException ex) {
+                    LOGGER.warn("Could not open Semantic Scholar", ex);
+                    dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Unable to open Semantic Scholar.") + " " + ex.getMessage());
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/preferences/websearch/WebSearchTabViewModel.java b/jabgui/src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/preferences/websearch/WebSearchTabViewModel.java
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ private void setupSearchEngines() {
         // add default search engines
         searchEngines.addAll(
                 new SearchEngineItem("Google Scholar", "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q={title}"),
+                new SearchEngineItem("Semantic Scholar", "https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q={title}"),
                 new SearchEngineItem("Short Science", "https://www.shortscience.org/internalsearch?q={title}")
         );
     }
diff --git a/jablib/src/main/abbrv.jabref.org b/jablib/src/main/abbrv.jabref.org
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 8ccb2d23ceff48565db25eeb4ebac8351d670265
+Subproject commit fc3ef9ee1ff8f6770971164963361f9d31549800
diff --git a/jablib/src/main/java/org/jabref/logic/util/ExternalLinkCreator.java b/jablib/src/main/java/org/jabref/logic/util/ExternalLinkCreator.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public class ExternalLinkCreator {
     private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExternalLinkCreator.class);
 
     private static final String DEFAULT_GOOGLE_SCHOLAR_SEARCH_URL = "https://scholar.google.com/scholar";
+    private static final String DEFAULT_SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR_SEARCH_URL = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/search";
     private static final String DEFAULT_SHORTSCIENCE_SEARCH_URL = "https://www.shortscience.org/internalsearch";
 
     private final ImporterPreferences importerPreferences;
@@ -41,7 +42,22 @@ public Optional<String> getGoogleScholarSearchURL(BibEntry entry) {
             String baseUrl = importerPreferences.getSearchEngineUrlTemplates()
                                                 .getOrDefault("Google Scholar", DEFAULT_GOOGLE_SCHOLAR_SEARCH_URL);
             String author = entry.getField(StandardField.AUTHOR).orElse(null);
-            return buildSearchUrl(baseUrl, DEFAULT_GOOGLE_SCHOLAR_SEARCH_URL, title, author, "Google Scholar");
+            return buildSearchUrl(baseUrl, DEFAULT_GOOGLE_SCHOLAR_SEARCH_URL, title, author, "Google Scholar", false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a URL to the search results of Semantic Scholar for the BibEntry's title
+     *
+     * @param entry The entry to search for. Expects the BibEntry's title to be set for successful return.
+     * @return The URL if it was successfully created
+     */
+    public Optional<String> getSemanticScholarSearchURL(BibEntry entry) {
+        return entry.getField(StandardField.TITLE).flatMap(title -> {
+            String baseUrl = importerPreferences.getSearchEngineUrlTemplates()
+                                                .getOrDefault("Semantic Scholar", DEFAULT_SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR_SEARCH_URL);
+            String author = entry.getField(StandardField.AUTHOR).orElse(null);
+            return buildSearchUrl(baseUrl, DEFAULT_SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR_SEARCH_URL, title, author, "Semantic Scholar", true);
         });
     }
 
@@ -56,7 +72,7 @@ public Optional<String> getShortScienceSearchURL(BibEntry entry) {
             String baseUrl = importerPreferences.getSearchEngineUrlTemplates()
                                                 .getOrDefault("Short Science", DEFAULT_SHORTSCIENCE_SEARCH_URL);
             String author = entry.getField(StandardField.AUTHOR).orElse(null);
-            return buildSearchUrl(baseUrl, DEFAULT_SHORTSCIENCE_SEARCH_URL, title, author, "ShortScience");
+            return buildSearchUrl(baseUrl, DEFAULT_SHORTSCIENCE_SEARCH_URL, title, author, "ShortScience", false);
         });
     }
 
@@ -70,7 +86,7 @@ public Optional<String> getShortScienceSearchURL(BibEntry entry) {
      * @param serviceName Name of the service for logging
      * @return Optional containing the constructed URL, or empty if construction failed
      */
-    private Optional<String> buildSearchUrl(String baseUrl, String defaultUrl, String title, @Nullable String author, String serviceName) {
+    private Optional<String> buildSearchUrl(String baseUrl, String defaultUrl, String title, @Nullable String author, String serviceName, boolean addAuthorIndex) {
         // Converting LaTeX-formatted titles (e.g., containing braces) to plain Unicode to ensure compatibility with ShortScience's search URL.
         // LatexToUnicodeAdapter.format() is being used because it attempts to parse LaTeX, but gracefully degrades to a normalized title on failure.
         // This avoids sending malformed or literal LaTeX syntax titles that would give the wrong result.
@@ -81,13 +97,13 @@ private Optional<String> buildSearchUrl(String baseUrl, String defaultUrl, Strin
         String lowerUrl = baseUrl.toLowerCase().trim();
         if (StringUtil.isBlank(lowerUrl) || !(lowerUrl.startsWith("http://") || lowerUrl.startsWith("https://"))) {
             LOGGER.warn("Invalid URL scheme in {} preference: {}. Using default URL.", serviceName, baseUrl);
-            return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName);
+            return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName, addAuthorIndex);
         }
 
         // If URL doesn't contain {title}, it's not a valid template, use query parameters
         if (!baseUrl.contains("{title}")) {
             LOGGER.warn("URL template for {} doesn't contain {{title}} placeholder. Using query parameters.", serviceName);
-            return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName);
+            return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName, addAuthorIndex);
         }
 
         // Replace placeholders with URL-encoded values
@@ -109,24 +125,30 @@ private Optional<String> buildSearchUrl(String baseUrl, String defaultUrl, Strin
                 return Optional.of(finalUrl);
             } else {
                 LOGGER.warn("Constructed URL for {} is invalid: {}. Using default URL.", serviceName, finalUrl);
-                return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName);
+                return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName, addAuthorIndex);
             }
         } catch (Exception ex) {
             LOGGER.error("Error constructing URL for {}: {}", serviceName, ex.getMessage(), ex);
-            return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName);
+            return buildUrlWithQueryParams(defaultUrl, filteredTitle, author, serviceName, addAuthorIndex);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Builds a URL using query parameters (fallback method)
+     * Builds a URL using query parameters (fallback method).
+     * <p>
+     * The parameter addAuthorIndex is used for Semantic Scholar service because it does not understand "author=XYZ", but it uses "author[0]=XYZ&author[1]=ABC".
      */
-    private Optional<String> buildUrlWithQueryParams(String baseUrl, String title, @Nullable String author, String serviceName) {
+    private Optional<String> buildUrlWithQueryParams(String baseUrl, String title, @Nullable String author, String serviceName, boolean addAuthorIndex) {
         try {
             URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(baseUrl);
             // Title is already converted to Unicode by buildSearchUrl before reaching here
             uriBuilder.addParameter("q", title.trim());
             if (author != null) {
-                uriBuilder.addParameter("author", author.trim());
+                if (addAuthorIndex) {
+                    uriBuilder.addParameter("author[0]", author.trim());
+		} else {
+                    uriBuilder.addParameter("author", author.trim());
+	        }
             }
             return Optional.of(uriBuilder.toString());
         } catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
diff --git a/jablib/src/main/resources/csl-locales b/jablib/src/main/resources/csl-locales
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 92e9e22ecdd041703401ee9e5f0d5bbf63bdbb68
+Subproject commit 3b749889cf9a04e0afefa2a36bc05dd59a4572d1
diff --git a/jablib/src/main/resources/csl-styles b/jablib/src/main/resources/csl-styles
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 00c05382f8a5e691f0a4de647690cdc82bc1ecdd
+Subproject commit 0c01a1f6e29e7225399cd36bf185ba738e9247bb
diff --git a/jablib/src/main/resources/l10n/JabRef_en.properties b/jablib/src/main/resources/l10n/JabRef_en.properties
@@ -2313,6 +2313,9 @@ Text\ editor=Text editor
 Search\ Google\ Scholar=Search Google Scholar
 Unable\ to\ open\ Google\ Scholar.=Unable to open Google Scholar.
 
+Search\ Semantic\ Scholar=Search Semantic Scholar
+Unable\ to\ open\ Semantic\ Scholar.=Unable to open Semantic Scholar.
+
 Search\ ShortScience=Search ShortScience
 Unable\ to\ open\ ShortScience.=Unable to open ShortScience.
 
diff --git a/jablib/src/test/java/org/jabref/logic/util/ExternalLinkCreatorTest.java b/jablib/src/test/java/org/jabref/logic/util/ExternalLinkCreatorTest.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 class ExternalLinkCreatorTest {
     private static final String DEFAULT_GOOGLE_SCHOLAR_URL = "https://scholar.google.com/scholar";
+    private static final String DEFAULT_SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR_URL = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/search";
     private static final String DEFAULT_SHORTSCIENCE_URL = "https://www.shortscience.org/internalsearch";
 
     private ImporterPreferences mockPreferences;
@@ -128,6 +129,78 @@ void getGoogleScholarSearchURLIncludesAuthor() {
         }
     }
 
+    @Nested
+    class SemanticScholarTests {
+
+        @Test
+        void getSemanticScholarSearchURLReturnsEmptyOnMissingTitle() {
+            BibEntry entry = new BibEntry();
+            assertEquals(Optional.empty(), linkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(entry));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void getSemanticScholarSearchURLReturnsEmptyOnEmptyString() {
+            BibEntry entry = createEntryWithTitle("");
+            assertEquals(Optional.empty(), linkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(entry));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void getSemanticScholarSearchURLRemovesLatexBraces() {
+            // Equivalent test for Semantic Scholar
+            BibEntry entry = createEntryWithTitle("{The Difference Between Graph-Based and Block-Structured Business Process Modelling Languages}");
+            Optional<String> url = linkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(entry);
+
+            String expectedUrl = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=The%20Difference%20Between%20Graph-Based%20and%20Block-Structured%20Business%20Process%20Modelling%20Languages";
+            assertEquals(Optional.of(expectedUrl), url);
+        }
+
+        @ParameterizedTest
+        @CsvSource({
+                "' ', 'https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q='",
+                "'   ', 'https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=%C2%A0%20%C2%A0'"
+        })
+        void getSemanticScholarSearchURLHandlesWhitespace(String title, String expectedUrl) {
+            BibEntry entry = createEntryWithTitle(title);
+            Optional<String> url = linkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(entry);
+
+            assertTrue(url.isPresent());
+            assertEquals(expectedUrl, url.get());
+        }
+
+        @ParameterizedTest
+        @CsvSource({
+                // Expect %20
+                "'JabRef bibliography management', 'https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=JabRef%20bibliography%20management'",
+                "'Machine learning', 'https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Machine%20learning'"
+        })
+        void getSemanticScholarSearchURLLinksToSearchResults(String title, String expectedUrl) {
+            BibEntry entry = createEntryWithTitle(title);
+            Optional<String> url = linkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(entry);
+
+            assertEquals(Optional.of(expectedUrl), url);
+            assertTrue(url.get().startsWith(DEFAULT_SEMANTIC_SCHOLAR_URL));
+        }
+
+        @ParameterizedTest
+        @ValueSource(strings = {"!*'();:@&=+$,/?#[]", "100% Complete", "Question?"})
+        void getSemanticScholarSearchURLEncodesSpecialCharacters(String title) {
+            BibEntry entry = createEntryWithTitle(title);
+            Optional<String> url = linkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(entry);
+            assertTrue(url.isPresent());
+            assertTrue(URLUtil.isValidHttpUrl(url.get()));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        void getSemanticScholarSearchURLIncludesAuthor() {
+            BibEntry entry = createEntryWithTitleAndAuthor("Quantum Computing", "Alice Smith");
+            Optional<String> url = linkCreator.getSemanticScholarSearchURL(entry);
+
+            assertTrue(url.isPresent());
+            assertTrue(URLUtil.isValidHttpUrl(url.get()));
+            assertTrue(url.get().contains("author%5B0%5D=Alice%20Smith"));
+        }
+    }
+
     @Nested
     class ShortScienceTests {
 

Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
	`1`	`+Subproject commit a9efaeed93805124226c195635568a69a0d56eb0`
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ private void setupSearchEngines() {`
`142`	`142`	`// add default search engines`
`143`	`143`	`searchEngines.addAll(`
`144`	`144`	`new SearchEngineItem("Google Scholar", "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q={title}"),`
	`145`	`+ new SearchEngineItem("Semantic Scholar", "https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q={title}"),`
`145`	`146`	`new SearchEngineItem("Short Science", "https://www.shortscience.org/internalsearch?q={title}")`
`146`	`147`	`);`
`147`	`148`	`}`