diff --git a/hypothesis-python/RELEASE.rst b/hypothesis-python/RELEASE.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6a3d02e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hypothesis-python/RELEASE.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+RELEASE_TYPE: patch
+
+This patch upgrades remaining type annotations to Python 3.9 syntax.
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/setup.py b/hypothesis-python/setup.py
index 4fc0d3fe84..14c24b9efb 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/setup.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/setup.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def local_file(name):
     "pytest": ["pytest>=4.6"],
     "dpcontracts": ["dpcontracts>=0.4"],
     "redis": ["redis>=3.0.0"],
-    "crosshair": ["hypothesis-crosshair>=0.0.14", "crosshair-tool>=0.0.73"],
+    "crosshair": ["hypothesis-crosshair>=0.0.16", "crosshair-tool>=0.0.74"],
     # zoneinfo is an odd one: every dependency is platform-conditional.
     "zoneinfo": [
         "tzdata>=2024.2 ; sys_platform == 'win32' or sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/_hypothesis_ftz_detector.py b/hypothesis-python/src/_hypothesis_ftz_detector.py
index 2c73530c9a..2ee203429b 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/_hypothesis_ftz_detector.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/_hypothesis_ftz_detector.py
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
 import importlib
 import sys
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Optional
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from multiprocessing import Queue
     from typing import TypeAlias
 
-FTZCulprits: "TypeAlias" = Tuple[Optional[bool], Set[str]]
+FTZCulprits: "TypeAlias" = tuple[Optional[bool], set[str]]
 
 
 KNOWN_EVER_CULPRITS = (
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def identify_ftz_culprits() -> str:
     # that importing them in a new process sets the FTZ state.  As a heuristic, we'll
     # start with packages known to have ever enabled FTZ, then top-level packages as
     # a way to eliminate large fractions of the search space relatively quickly.
-    def key(name: str) -> Tuple[bool, int, str]:
+    def key(name: str) -> tuple[bool, int, str]:
         """Prefer known-FTZ modules, then top-level packages, then alphabetical."""
         return (name not in KNOWN_EVER_CULPRITS, name.count("."), name)
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py
index d337be4f57..2f18ff920f 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py
@@ -19,18 +19,9 @@
 import inspect
 import os
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Collection
 from enum import Enum, EnumMeta, IntEnum, unique
-from typing import (
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Any,
-    ClassVar,
-    Collection,
-    Dict,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-)
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 
 import attr
 
@@ -49,7 +40,7 @@
 
 __all__ = ["settings"]
 
-all_settings: Dict[str, "Setting"] = {}
+all_settings: dict[str, "Setting"] = {}
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
@@ -138,7 +129,7 @@ class settings(metaclass=settingsMeta):
     """
 
     __definitions_are_locked = False
-    _profiles: ClassVar[Dict[str, "settings"]] = {}
+    _profiles: ClassVar[dict[str, "settings"]] = {}
     __module__ = "hypothesis"
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
@@ -479,7 +470,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{self.name}"
 
     @classmethod
-    def all(cls) -> List["HealthCheck"]:
+    def all(cls) -> list["HealthCheck"]:
         # Skipping of deprecated attributes is handled in HealthCheckMeta.__iter__
         note_deprecation(
             "`HealthCheck.all()` is deprecated; use `list(HealthCheck)` instead.",
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/database.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/database.py
index 72b015ce9e..72b6d8251d 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/database.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/database.py
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from functools import lru_cache
 from hashlib import sha384
 from os import getenv
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Set
+from typing import Optional
 from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
 from zipfile import BadZipFile, ZipFile
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ class DirectoryBasedExampleDatabase(ExampleDatabase):
 
     def __init__(self, path: os.PathLike) -> None:
         self.path = Path(path)
-        self.keypaths: Dict[bytes, Path] = {}
+        self.keypaths: dict[bytes, Path] = {}
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"DirectoryBasedExampleDatabase({self.path!r})"
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ def __init__(
         # .hypothesis/github-artifacts/<artifact-name>/<modified_isoformat>.zip
         self._artifact: Optional[Path] = None
         # This caches the artifact structure
-        self._access_cache: Optional[Dict[PurePath, Set[PurePath]]] = None
+        self._access_cache: Optional[dict[PurePath, set[PurePath]]] = None
 
         # Message to display if user doesn't wrap around ReadOnlyDatabase
         self._read_only_message = (
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/_array_helpers.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/_array_helpers.py
index c66853fd1c..681d55e8f2 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/_array_helpers.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/_array_helpers.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 import re
-from typing import NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import NamedTuple, Optional, Union
 
 from hypothesis import assume, strategies as st
 from hypothesis.errors import InvalidArgument
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@
 ]
 
 
-Shape = Tuple[int, ...]
+Shape = tuple[int, ...]
 # We silence flake8 here because it disagrees with mypy about `ellipsis` (`type(...)`)
-BasicIndex = Tuple[Union[int, slice, None, "ellipsis"], ...]  # noqa: F821
+BasicIndex = tuple[Union[int, slice, None, "ellipsis"], ...]  # noqa: F821
 
 
 class BroadcastableShapes(NamedTuple):
-    input_shapes: Tuple[Shape, ...]
+    input_shapes: tuple[Shape, ...]
     result_shape: Shape
 
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def valid_tuple_axes(
     *,
     min_size: int = 0,
     max_size: Optional[int] = None,
-) -> st.SearchStrategy[Tuple[int, ...]]:
+) -> st.SearchStrategy[tuple[int, ...]]:
     """All tuples will have a length >= ``min_size`` and <= ``max_size``. The default
     value for ``max_size`` is ``ndim``.
 
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ def broadcastable_shapes(
 
 
 class _GUfuncSig(NamedTuple):
-    input_shapes: Tuple[Shape, ...]
+    input_shapes: tuple[Shape, ...]
     result_shape: Shape
 
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/array_api.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/array_api.py
index 85e5f3f8f9..f3a7ecc155 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/array_api.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/array_api.py
@@ -10,21 +10,15 @@
 
 import math
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
 from numbers import Real
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Literal,
-    Mapping,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     get_args,
@@ -89,7 +83,7 @@
 
 
 @check_function
-def check_xp_attributes(xp: Any, attributes: List[str]) -> None:
+def check_xp_attributes(xp: Any, attributes: list[str]) -> None:
     missing_attrs = [attr for attr in attributes if not hasattr(xp, attr)]
     if len(missing_attrs) > 0:
         f_attrs = ", ".join(missing_attrs)
@@ -100,7 +94,7 @@ def check_xp_attributes(xp: Any, attributes: List[str]) -> None:
 
 def partition_attributes_and_stubs(
     xp: Any, attributes: Iterable[str]
-) -> Tuple[List[Any], List[str]]:
+) -> tuple[list[Any], list[str]]:
     non_stubs = []
     stubs = []
     for attr in attributes:
@@ -112,7 +106,7 @@ def partition_attributes_and_stubs(
     return non_stubs, stubs
 
 
-def warn_on_missing_dtypes(xp: Any, stubs: List[str]) -> None:
+def warn_on_missing_dtypes(xp: Any, stubs: list[str]) -> None:
     f_stubs = ", ".join(stubs)
     warn(
         f"Array module {xp.__name__} does not have the following "
@@ -124,7 +118,7 @@ def warn_on_missing_dtypes(xp: Any, stubs: List[str]) -> None:
 
 def find_castable_builtin_for_dtype(
     xp: Any, api_version: NominalVersion, dtype: DataType
-) -> Type[Union[bool, int, float, complex]]:
+) -> type[Union[bool, int, float, complex]]:
     """Returns builtin type which can have values that are castable to the given
     dtype, according to :xp-ref:`type promotion rules <type_promotion.html>`.
 
@@ -591,7 +585,7 @@ def _arrays(
 
 
 @check_function
-def check_dtypes(xp: Any, dtypes: List[DataType], stubs: List[str]) -> None:
+def check_dtypes(xp: Any, dtypes: list[DataType], stubs: list[str]) -> None:
     if len(dtypes) == 0:
         assert len(stubs) > 0, "No dtypes passed but stubs is empty"
         f_stubs = ", ".join(stubs)
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/codemods.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/codemods.py
index 85d1d44fd6..00e6ad30b1 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/codemods.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/codemods.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 import functools
 import importlib
 from inspect import Parameter, signature
-from typing import ClassVar, List
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 import libcst as cst
 import libcst.matchers as m
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def refactor(code: str) -> str:
     """
     context = cst.codemod.CodemodContext()
     mod = cst.parse_module(code)
-    transforms: List[VisitorBasedCodemodCommand] = [
+    transforms: list[VisitorBasedCodemodCommand] = [
         HypothesisFixPositionalKeywonlyArgs(context),
         HypothesisFixComplexMinMagnitude(context),
         HypothesisFixHealthCheckAll(context),
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_fields.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_fields.py
index d27eafd3d6..36b43dffe6 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_fields.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_fields.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from decimal import Decimal
 from functools import lru_cache
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Type, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar, Union
 
 import django
 from django import forms as df
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ def timezones():
 
 
 # Mapping of field types, to strategy objects or functions of (type) -> strategy
-_FieldLookUpType = Dict[
-    Type[AnyField],
+_FieldLookUpType = dict[
+    type[AnyField],
     Union[st.SearchStrategy, Callable[[Any], st.SearchStrategy]],
 ]
 _global_field_lookup: _FieldLookUpType = {
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ def _for_model_multiple_choice(field):
 
 
 def register_field_strategy(
-    field_type: Type[AnyField], strategy: st.SearchStrategy
+    field_type: type[AnyField], strategy: st.SearchStrategy
 ) -> None:
     """Add an entry to the global field-to-strategy lookup used by
     :func:`~hypothesis.extra.django.from_field`.
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_impl.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_impl.py
index 09a1c2707c..b1aa59744c 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_impl.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/django/_impl.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import sys
 import unittest
 from functools import partial
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 
 from django import forms as df, test as dt
 from django.contrib.staticfiles import testing as dst
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class StaticLiveServerTestCase(HypothesisTestCase, dst.StaticLiveServerTestCase)
 
 @defines_strategy()
 def from_model(
-    model: Type[ModelT], /, **field_strategies: Union[st.SearchStrategy, EllipsisType]
+    model: type[ModelT], /, **field_strategies: Union[st.SearchStrategy, EllipsisType]
 ) -> st.SearchStrategy[ModelT]:
     """Return a strategy for examples of ``model``.
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def _models_impl(draw, strat):
 
 @defines_strategy()
 def from_form(
-    form: Type[df.Form],
+    form: type[df.Form],
     form_kwargs: Optional[dict] = None,
     **field_strategies: Union[st.SearchStrategy, EllipsisType],
 ) -> st.SearchStrategy[df.Form]:
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/lark.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/lark.py
index 37b5f5d401..9b26519a6e 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/lark.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/lark.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 """
 
 from inspect import signature
-from typing import Dict, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 import lark
 from lark.grammar import NonTerminal, Terminal
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ def from_lark(
     grammar: lark.lark.Lark,
     *,
     start: Optional[str] = None,
-    explicit: Optional[Dict[str, st.SearchStrategy[str]]] = None,
+    explicit: Optional[dict[str, st.SearchStrategy[str]]] = None,
     alphabet: st.SearchStrategy[str] = st.characters(codec="utf-8"),
 ) -> st.SearchStrategy[str]:
     """A strategy for strings accepted by the given context-free grammar.
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/numpy.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/numpy.py
index b6e75d3efa..a94471769b 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/numpy.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/numpy.py
@@ -11,20 +11,8 @@
 import importlib
 import math
 import types
-from typing import (
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Any,
-    Literal,
-    Mapping,
-    Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-    cast,
-    overload,
-)
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Optional, TypeVar, Union, cast, overload
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -1190,7 +1178,7 @@ def integer_array_indices(
     shape: Shape,
     *,
     result_shape: st.SearchStrategy[Shape] = array_shapes(),
-) -> "st.SearchStrategy[Tuple[NDArray[np.signedinteger[Any]], ...]]": ...
+) -> "st.SearchStrategy[tuple[NDArray[np.signedinteger[Any]], ...]]": ...
 
 
 @overload
@@ -1200,7 +1188,7 @@ def integer_array_indices(
     *,
     result_shape: st.SearchStrategy[Shape] = array_shapes(),
     dtype: "np.dtype[I]",
-) -> "st.SearchStrategy[Tuple[NDArray[I], ...]]": ...
+) -> "st.SearchStrategy[tuple[NDArray[I], ...]]": ...
 
 
 @defines_strategy()
@@ -1209,7 +1197,7 @@ def integer_array_indices(
     *,
     result_shape: st.SearchStrategy[Shape] = array_shapes(),
     dtype: "np.dtype[I] | np.dtype[np.signedinteger[Any]]" = np.dtype(int),
-) -> "st.SearchStrategy[Tuple[NDArray[I], ...]]":
+) -> "st.SearchStrategy[tuple[NDArray[I], ...]]":
     """Return a search strategy for tuples of integer-arrays that, when used
     to index into an array of shape ``shape``, given an array whose shape
     was drawn from ``result_shape``.
@@ -1314,7 +1302,7 @@ def _dtype_from_args(args):
     return np.dtype(dtype)
 
 
-def _from_type(thing: Type[Ex]) -> Optional[st.SearchStrategy[Ex]]:
+def _from_type(thing: type[Ex]) -> Optional[st.SearchStrategy[Ex]]:
     """Called by st.from_type to try to infer a strategy for thing using numpy.
 
     If we can infer a numpy-specific strategy for thing, we return that; otherwise,
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/pandas/impl.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/pandas/impl.py
index 16ef90fc63..5beeede287 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/pandas/impl.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/pandas/impl.py
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 from collections import OrderedDict, abc
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from copy import copy
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import Any, Generic, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Union
+from typing import Any, Generic, Optional, Union
 
 import attr
 import numpy as np
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ def columns(
     elements: Optional[st.SearchStrategy[Ex]] = None,
     fill: Optional[st.SearchStrategy[Ex]] = None,
     unique: bool = False,
-) -> List[column[Ex]]:
+) -> list[column[Ex]]:
     """A convenience function for producing a list of :class:`column` objects
     of the same general shape.
 
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ def columns(
     create the columns.
     """
     if isinstance(names_or_number, (int, float)):
-        names: List[Union[int, str, None]] = [None] * names_or_number
+        names: list[Union[int, str, None]] = [None] * names_or_number
     else:
         names = list(names_or_number)
     return [
@@ -554,7 +555,7 @@ def row():
     cols = try_convert(tuple, columns, "columns")
 
     rewritten_columns = []
-    column_names: Set[str] = set()
+    column_names: set[str] = set()
 
     for i, c in enumerate(cols):
         check_type(column, c, f"columns[{i}]")
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/redis.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/redis.py
index e0f1c1b851..516c2d88e4 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/redis.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/extra/redis.py
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 # v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Iterable
 
 from redis import Redis
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/charmap.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/charmap.py
index 468beeb5e8..8a1e98ef18 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/charmap.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/charmap.py
@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
 import tempfile
 import unicodedata
 from functools import lru_cache
-from typing import Dict, Tuple
 
 from hypothesis.configuration import storage_directory
 from hypothesis.control import _current_build_context
 from hypothesis.errors import InvalidArgument
 from hypothesis.internal.intervalsets import IntervalSet
 
-intervals = Tuple[Tuple[int, int], ...]
-cache_type = Dict[Tuple[Tuple[str, ...], int, int, intervals], IntervalSet]
+intervals = tuple[tuple[int, int], ...]
+cache_type = dict[tuple[tuple[str, ...], int, int, intervals], IntervalSet]
 
 
 def charmap_file(fname="charmap"):
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/choicetree.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/choicetree.py
index d7645e1889..0ba8ab819b 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/choicetree.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/choicetree.py
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 from random import Random
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional
 
 from hypothesis.internal.conjecture.junkdrawer import LazySequenceCopy
 
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ def step(
 
 class TreeNode:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.children: Dict[int, TreeNode] = defaultdict(TreeNode)
+        self.children: dict[int, TreeNode] = defaultdict(TreeNode)
         self.live_child_count: "Optional[int]" = None
         self.n: "Optional[int]" = None
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/data.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/data.py
index 26496e143c..3664d76729 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/data.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/data.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 import math
 import time
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
 from enum import IntEnum
 from random import Random
 from sys import float_info
@@ -20,19 +21,9 @@
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    DefaultDict,
-    Dict,
-    FrozenSet,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
     Literal,
     NoReturn,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypedDict,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
@@ -86,10 +77,10 @@ def wrapper(tp):
 
 
 TOP_LABEL = calc_label_from_name("top")
-InterestingOrigin = Tuple[
-    Type[BaseException], str, int, Tuple[Any, ...], Tuple[Tuple[Any, ...], ...]
+InterestingOrigin = tuple[
+    type[BaseException], str, int, tuple[Any, ...], tuple[tuple[Any, ...], ...]
 ]
-TargetObservations = Dict[str, Union[int, float]]
+TargetObservations = dict[str, Union[int, float]]
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
@@ -129,7 +120,7 @@ class BooleanKWargs(TypedDict):
 ]
 IRTypeName: TypeAlias = Literal["integer", "string", "boolean", "float", "bytes"]
 # index, ir_type, kwargs, forced
-MisalignedAt: TypeAlias = Tuple[int, IRTypeName, IRKWargsType, Optional[IRType]]
+MisalignedAt: TypeAlias = tuple[int, IRTypeName, IRKWargsType, Optional[IRType]]
 
 
 class ExtraInformation:
@@ -161,7 +152,7 @@ class StructuralCoverageTag:
     label: int = attr.ib()
 
 
-STRUCTURAL_COVERAGE_CACHE: Dict[int, StructuralCoverageTag] = {}
+STRUCTURAL_COVERAGE_CACHE: dict[int, StructuralCoverageTag] = {}
 
 
 def structural_coverage(label: int) -> StructuralCoverageTag:
@@ -330,7 +321,7 @@ def ir_length(self) -> int:
         return self.ir_end - self.ir_start
 
     @property
-    def children(self) -> "List[Example]":
+    def children(self) -> "list[Example]":
         """The list of all examples with this as a parent, in increasing index
         order."""
         return [self.owner[i] for i in self.owner.children[self.index]]
@@ -346,7 +337,7 @@ class ExampleProperty:
     """
 
     def __init__(self, examples: "Examples"):
-        self.example_stack: "List[int]" = []
+        self.example_stack: "list[int]" = []
         self.examples = examples
         self.bytes_read = 0
         self.example_count = 0
@@ -415,7 +406,7 @@ def finish(self) -> Any:
         return self.result
 
 
-def calculated_example_property(cls: Type[ExampleProperty]) -> Any:
+def calculated_example_property(cls: type[ExampleProperty]) -> Any:
     """Given an ``ExampleProperty`` as above we use this decorator
     to transform it into a lazy property on the ``Examples`` class,
     which has as its value the result of calling ``cls.run()``,
@@ -458,10 +449,10 @@ class ExampleRecord:
     """
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.labels: List[int] = []
-        self.__index_of_labels: "Optional[Dict[int, int]]" = {}
+        self.labels: list[int] = []
+        self.__index_of_labels: "dict[int, int] | None" = {}
         self.trail = IntList()
-        self.ir_nodes: List[IRNode] = []
+        self.ir_nodes: list[IRNode] = []
 
     def freeze(self) -> None:
         self.__index_of_labels = None
@@ -522,7 +513,7 @@ def __init__(self, record: ExampleRecord, blocks: "Blocks") -> None:
             STOP_EXAMPLE_DISCARD_RECORD
         ) + record.trail.count(STOP_EXAMPLE_NO_DISCARD_RECORD)
         self.blocks = blocks
-        self.__children: "Optional[List[Sequence[int]]]" = None
+        self.__children: "list[Sequence[int]] | None" = None
 
     class _starts_and_ends(ExampleProperty):
         def begin(self) -> None:
@@ -535,10 +526,10 @@ def start_example(self, i: int, label_index: int) -> None:
         def stop_example(self, i: int, *, discarded: bool) -> None:
             self.ends[i] = self.bytes_read
 
-        def finish(self) -> Tuple[IntList, IntList]:
+        def finish(self) -> tuple[IntList, IntList]:
             return (self.starts, self.ends)
 
-    starts_and_ends: "Tuple[IntList, IntList]" = calculated_example_property(
+    starts_and_ends: "tuple[IntList, IntList]" = calculated_example_property(
         _starts_and_ends
     )
 
@@ -561,10 +552,10 @@ def start_example(self, i: int, label_index: int) -> None:
         def stop_example(self, i: int, *, discarded: bool) -> None:
             self.ends[i] = self.ir_node_count
 
-        def finish(self) -> Tuple[IntList, IntList]:
+        def finish(self) -> tuple[IntList, IntList]:
             return (self.starts, self.ends)
 
-    ir_starts_and_ends: "Tuple[IntList, IntList]" = calculated_example_property(
+    ir_starts_and_ends: "tuple[IntList, IntList]" = calculated_example_property(
         _ir_starts_and_ends
     )
 
@@ -578,21 +569,21 @@ def ir_ends(self) -> IntList:
 
     class _discarded(ExampleProperty):
         def begin(self) -> None:
-            self.result: "Set[int]" = set()
+            self.result: "set[int]" = set()
 
-        def finish(self) -> FrozenSet[int]:
+        def finish(self) -> frozenset[int]:
             return frozenset(self.result)
 
         def stop_example(self, i: int, *, discarded: bool) -> None:
             if discarded:
                 self.result.add(i)
 
-    discarded: FrozenSet[int] = calculated_example_property(_discarded)
+    discarded: frozenset[int] = calculated_example_property(_discarded)
 
     class _trivial(ExampleProperty):
         def begin(self) -> None:
             self.nontrivial = IntList.of_length(len(self.examples))
-            self.result: "Set[int]" = set()
+            self.result: "set[int]" = set()
 
         def block(self, i: int) -> None:
             if not self.examples.blocks.trivial(i):
@@ -605,10 +596,10 @@ def stop_example(self, i: int, *, discarded: bool) -> None:
             else:
                 self.result.add(i)
 
-        def finish(self) -> FrozenSet[int]:
+        def finish(self) -> frozenset[int]:
             return frozenset(self.result)
 
-    trivial: FrozenSet[int] = calculated_example_property(_trivial)
+    trivial: frozenset[int] = calculated_example_property(_trivial)
 
     class _parentage(ExampleProperty):
         def stop_example(self, i: int, *, discarded: bool) -> None:
@@ -633,7 +624,7 @@ def begin(self) -> None:
         def ir_node(self, ir_node: "IRNode") -> None:
             self.result.append(ir_node)
 
-    ir_tree_nodes: "List[IRNode]" = calculated_example_property(_ir_tree_nodes)
+    ir_tree_nodes: "list[IRNode]" = calculated_example_property(_ir_tree_nodes)
 
     class _label_indices(ExampleProperty):
         def start_example(self, i: int, label_index: int) -> None:
@@ -643,7 +634,7 @@ def start_example(self, i: int, label_index: int) -> None:
 
     class _mutator_groups(ExampleProperty):
         def begin(self) -> None:
-            self.groups: "Dict[int, Set[Tuple[int, int]]]" = defaultdict(set)
+            self.groups: "dict[int, set[tuple[int, int]]]" = defaultdict(set)
 
         def start_example(self, i: int, label_index: int) -> None:
             # TODO should we discard start == end cases? occurs for eg st.data()
@@ -652,17 +643,17 @@ def start_example(self, i: int, label_index: int) -> None:
             key = (self.examples[i].ir_start, self.examples[i].ir_end)
             self.groups[label_index].add(key)
 
-        def finish(self) -> Iterable[Set[Tuple[int, int]]]:
+        def finish(self) -> Iterable[set[tuple[int, int]]]:
             # Discard groups with only one example, since the mutator can't
             # do anything useful with them.
             return [g for g in self.groups.values() if len(g) >= 2]
 
-    mutator_groups: List[Set[Tuple[int, int]]] = calculated_example_property(
+    mutator_groups: list[set[tuple[int, int]]] = calculated_example_property(
         _mutator_groups
     )
 
     @property
-    def children(self) -> List[Sequence[int]]:
+    def children(self) -> list[Sequence[int]]:
         if self.__children is None:
             children = [IntList() for _ in range(len(self))]
             for i, p in enumerate(self.parentage):
@@ -722,7 +713,7 @@ class Block:
     all_zero: bool = attr.ib(repr=False)
 
     @property
-    def bounds(self) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    def bounds(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         return (self.start, self.end)
 
     @property
@@ -753,7 +744,7 @@ class Blocks:
 
     __slots__ = ("endpoints", "owner", "__blocks", "__count", "__sparse")
     owner: "Union[ConjectureData, ConjectureResult, None]"
-    __blocks: Union[Dict[int, Block], List[Optional[Block]]]
+    __blocks: Union[dict[int, Block], list[Optional[Block]]]
 
     def __init__(self, owner: "ConjectureData") -> None:
         self.owner = owner
@@ -788,7 +779,7 @@ def end(self, i: int) -> int:
         """Equivalent to self[i].end."""
         return self.endpoints[i]
 
-    def all_bounds(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, int]]:
+    def all_bounds(self) -> Iterable[tuple[int, int]]:
         """Equivalent to [(b.start, b.end) for b in self]."""
         prev = 0
         for e in self.endpoints:
@@ -837,7 +828,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, i: int) -> Block:
         # stop being sparse and want to use most of the blocks. Switch
         # over to a list at that point.
         if self.__sparse and len(self.__blocks) * 2 >= len(self):
-            new_blocks: "List[Optional[Block]]" = [None] * len(self)
+            new_blocks: "list[Block | None]" = [None] * len(self)
             assert isinstance(self.__blocks, dict)
             for k, v in self.__blocks.items():
                 new_blocks[k] = v
@@ -894,7 +885,7 @@ def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Block]:
             yield self[i]
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        parts: "List[str]" = []
+        parts: "list[str]" = []
         for i in range(len(self)):
             b = self.__known_block(i)
             if b is None:
@@ -1172,11 +1163,11 @@ class ConjectureResult:
     extra_information: Optional[ExtraInformation] = attr.ib()
     has_discards: bool = attr.ib()
     target_observations: TargetObservations = attr.ib()
-    tags: FrozenSet[StructuralCoverageTag] = attr.ib()
-    forced_indices: FrozenSet[int] = attr.ib(repr=False)
+    tags: frozenset[StructuralCoverageTag] = attr.ib()
+    forced_indices: frozenset[int] = attr.ib(repr=False)
     examples: Examples = attr.ib(repr=False, eq=False)
-    arg_slices: Set[Tuple[int, int]] = attr.ib(repr=False)
-    slice_comments: Dict[Tuple[int, int], str] = attr.ib(repr=False)
+    arg_slices: set[tuple[int, int]] = attr.ib(repr=False)
+    slice_comments: dict[tuple[int, int], str] = attr.ib(repr=False)
     misaligned_at: Optional[MisalignedAt] = attr.ib(repr=False)
 
     index: int = attr.ib(init=False)
@@ -1200,7 +1191,7 @@ def as_result(self) -> "ConjectureResult":
 class _BackendInfoMsg(TypedDict):
     type: str
     title: str
-    content: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]
+    content: Union[str, dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 class PrimitiveProvider(abc.ABC):
@@ -1259,7 +1250,7 @@ def realize(self, value: T) -> T:
         """
         return value
 
-    def observe_test_case(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def observe_test_case(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Called at the end of the test case when observability mode is active.
 
         The return value should be a non-symbolic json-encodable dictionary,
@@ -1865,12 +1856,12 @@ def _draw_float_init_logic(
         max_value: float,
         allow_nan: bool,
         smallest_nonzero_magnitude: float,
-    ) -> Tuple[
+    ) -> tuple[
         Optional[Sampler],
         Optional[Literal[0, 1]],
         Optional[Callable[[float], float]],
         Optional[Callable[[float], float]],
-        List[float],
+        list[float],
     ]:
         """
         Caches initialization logic for draw_float, as an alternative to
@@ -1903,12 +1894,12 @@ def _compute_draw_float_init_logic(
         max_value: float,
         allow_nan: bool,
         smallest_nonzero_magnitude: float,
-    ) -> Tuple[
+    ) -> tuple[
         Optional[Sampler],
         Optional[Literal[0, 1]],
         Optional[Callable[[float], float]],
         Optional[Callable[[float], float]],
-        List[float],
+        list[float],
     ]:
         if smallest_nonzero_magnitude == 0.0:  # pragma: no cover
             raise FloatingPointError(
@@ -1974,7 +1965,7 @@ class ConjectureData:
     @classmethod
     def for_buffer(
         cls,
-        buffer: Union[List[int], bytes],
+        buffer: Union[list[int], bytes],
         *,
         observer: Optional[DataObserver] = None,
         provider: Union[type, PrimitiveProvider] = HypothesisProvider,
@@ -1986,7 +1977,7 @@ def for_buffer(
     @classmethod
     def for_ir_tree(
         cls,
-        ir_tree_prefix: List[IRNode],
+        ir_tree_prefix: list[IRNode],
         *,
         observer: Optional[DataObserver] = None,
         provider: Union[type, PrimitiveProvider] = HypothesisProvider,
@@ -2006,12 +1997,12 @@ def for_ir_tree(
     def __init__(
         self,
         max_length: int,
-        prefix: Union[List[int], bytes, bytearray],
+        prefix: Union[list[int], bytes, bytearray],
         *,
         random: Optional[Random],
         observer: Optional[DataObserver] = None,
         provider: Union[type, PrimitiveProvider] = HypothesisProvider,
-        ir_tree_prefix: Optional[List[IRNode]] = None,
+        ir_tree_prefix: Optional[list[IRNode]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if observer is None:
             observer = DataObserver()
@@ -2038,11 +2029,11 @@ def __init__(
         global_test_counter += 1
         self.start_time = time.perf_counter()
         self.gc_start_time = gc_cumulative_time()
-        self.events: Dict[str, Union[str, int, float]] = {}
-        self.forced_indices: "Set[int]" = set()
+        self.events: dict[str, Union[str, int, float]] = {}
+        self.forced_indices: "set[int]" = set()
         self.interesting_origin: Optional[InterestingOrigin] = None
-        self.draw_times: "Dict[str, float]" = {}
-        self._stateful_run_times: "DefaultDict[str, float]" = defaultdict(float)
+        self.draw_times: "dict[str, float]" = {}
+        self._stateful_run_times: "defaultdict[str, float]" = defaultdict(float)
         self.max_depth = 0
         self.has_discards = False
 
@@ -2059,8 +2050,8 @@ def __init__(
 
         # Tags which indicate something about which part of the search space
         # this example is in. These are used to guide generation.
-        self.tags: "Set[StructuralCoverageTag]" = set()
-        self.labels_for_structure_stack: "List[Set[int]]" = []
+        self.tags: "set[StructuralCoverageTag]" = set()
+        self.labels_for_structure_stack: "list[set[int]]" = []
 
         # Normally unpopulated but we need this in the niche case
         # that self.as_result() is Overrun but we still want the
@@ -2074,9 +2065,9 @@ def __init__(
 
         # Slice indices for discrete reportable parts that which-parts-matter can
         # try varying, to report if the minimal example always fails anyway.
-        self.arg_slices: Set[Tuple[int, int]] = set()
-        self.slice_comments: Dict[Tuple[int, int], str] = {}
-        self._observability_args: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.arg_slices: set[tuple[int, int]] = set()
+        self.slice_comments: dict[tuple[int, int], str] = {}
+        self._observability_args: dict[str, Any] = {}
         self._observability_predicates: defaultdict = defaultdict(
             lambda: {"satisfied": 0, "unsatisfied": 0}
         )
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/datatree.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/datatree.py
index 87a0c988c8..5ec38c2edf 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/datatree.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/datatree.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 import itertools
 import math
-from typing import List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 import attr
 
@@ -418,9 +418,9 @@ class TreeNode:
 
     # The kwargs, value, and ir_types of the nodes stored here. These always
     # have the same length. The values at index i belong to node i.
-    kwargs: List[IRKWargsType] = attr.ib(factory=list)
-    values: List[IRType] = attr.ib(factory=list)
-    ir_types: List[IRTypeName] = attr.ib(factory=list)
+    kwargs: list[IRKWargsType] = attr.ib(factory=list)
+    values: list[IRType] = attr.ib(factory=list)
+    ir_types: list[IRTypeName] = attr.ib(factory=list)
 
     # The indices of nodes which had forced values.
     #
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/junkdrawer.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/junkdrawer.py
index 39382637db..2c46a95223 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/junkdrawer.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/junkdrawer.py
@@ -17,19 +17,15 @@
 import sys
 import time
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
 from random import Random
 from typing import (
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
     Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
     List,
     Literal,
     Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     overload,
@@ -54,14 +50,14 @@ def array_or_list(
 
 def replace_all(
     ls: Sequence[T],
-    replacements: Iterable[Tuple[int, int, Sequence[T]]],
-) -> List[T]:
+    replacements: Iterable[tuple[int, int, Sequence[T]]],
+) -> list[T]:
     """Substitute multiple replacement values into a list.
 
     Replacements is a list of (start, end, value) triples.
     """
 
-    result: List[T] = []
+    result: list[T] = []
     prev = 0
     offset = 0
     for u, v, r in replacements:
@@ -208,7 +204,7 @@ class LazySequenceCopy:
     def __init__(self, values: Sequence[int]):
         self.__values = values
         self.__len = len(values)
-        self.__mask: Optional[Dict[int, int]] = None
+        self.__mask: Optional[dict[int, int]] = None
         self.__popped_indices: Optional[SortedList] = None
 
     def __len__(self) -> int:
@@ -434,7 +430,7 @@ def gc_cumulative_time() -> float:
         if hasattr(gc, "callbacks"):
             # CPython
             def gc_callback(
-                phase: Literal["start", "stop"], info: Dict[str, int]
+                phase: Literal["start", "stop"], info: dict[str, int]
             ) -> None:
                 global _gc_start, _gc_cumulative_time
                 try:
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/shrinker.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/shrinker.py
index d1084e4cdd..a1a3424963 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/shrinker.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/shrinker.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 
 import attr
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 SortKeyT = TypeVar("SortKeyT", str, bytes)
 
 
-def sort_key(buffer: SortKeyT) -> Tuple[int, SortKeyT]:
+def sort_key(buffer: SortKeyT) -> tuple[int, SortKeyT]:
     """Returns a sort key such that "simpler" buffers are smaller than
     "more complicated" ones.
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def sort_key(buffer: SortKeyT) -> Tuple[int, SortKeyT]:
     return (len(buffer), buffer)
 
 
-SHRINK_PASS_DEFINITIONS: Dict[str, "ShrinkPassDefinition"] = {}
+SHRINK_PASS_DEFINITIONS: dict[str, "ShrinkPassDefinition"] = {}
 
 
 @attr.s()
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.initial_misaligned = self.engine.misaligned_count
         self.calls_at_last_shrink = self.initial_calls
 
-        self.passes_by_name: Dict[str, ShrinkPass] = {}
+        self.passes_by_name: dict[str, ShrinkPass] = {}
 
         # Because the shrinker is also used to `pareto_optimise` in the target phase,
         # we sometimes want to allow extending buffers instead of aborting at the end.
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/utils.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/utils.py
index 3724c82177..c08cb7e094 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/utils.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/conjecture/utils.py
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@
 import heapq
 import sys
 from collections import OrderedDict, abc
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from functools import lru_cache
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 
 from hypothesis.errors import InvalidArgument
 from hypothesis.internal.compat import int_from_bytes
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ def identity(v: T) -> T:
 
 
 def check_sample(
-    values: Union[Type[enum.Enum], Sequence[T]], strategy_name: str
+    values: Union[type[enum.Enum], Sequence[T]], strategy_name: str
 ) -> Sequence[T]:
     if "numpy" in sys.modules and isinstance(values, sys.modules["numpy"].ndarray):
         if values.ndim != 1:
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ class Sampler:
        shrinking the chosen element.
     """
 
-    table: List[Tuple[int, int, float]]  # (base_idx, alt_idx, alt_chance)
+    table: list[tuple[int, int, float]]  # (base_idx, alt_idx, alt_chance)
 
     def __init__(self, weights: Sequence[float], *, observe: bool = True):
         self.observe = observe
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ def __init__(self, weights: Sequence[float], *, observe: bool = True):
         while small:
             table[small.pop()][2] = zero
 
-        self.table: "List[Tuple[int, int, float]]" = []
+        self.table: "list[tuple[int, int, float]]" = []
         for base, alternate, alternate_chance in table:  # type: ignore
             assert isinstance(base, int)
             assert isinstance(alternate, int) or alternate is None
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/coverage.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/coverage.py
index 57b9f8ed04..5f219d6407 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/coverage.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/coverage.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import os
 import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Set, Tuple, TypeVar
+from typing import Callable, TypeVar
 
 from hypothesis.internal.reflection import proxies
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 """
 
 Func = TypeVar("Func", bound=Callable)
-pretty_file_name_cache: Dict[str, str] = {}
+pretty_file_name_cache: dict[str, str] = {}
 
 
 def pretty_file_name(f):
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def pretty_file_name(f):
     # By this point, "branch-check" should have already been deleted by the
     # tox config. We can't delete it here because of #1718.
 
-    written: Set[Tuple[str, bool]] = set()
+    written: set[tuple[str, bool]] = set()
 
     def record_branch(name, value):
         key = (name, value)
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/entropy.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/entropy.py
index fe7d3f8347..21d17c465d 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/entropy.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/entropy.py
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@
 import random
 import sys
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Hashable
 from itertools import count
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Hashable, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
 from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
 
 import hypothesis.core
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ def my_WORKING_hook():
 
 def get_seeder_and_restorer(
     seed: Hashable = 0,
-) -> Tuple[Callable[[], None], Callable[[], None]]:
+) -> tuple[Callable[[], None], Callable[[], None]]:
     """Return a pair of functions which respectively seed all and restore
     the state of all registered PRNGs.
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/escalation.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/escalation.py
index d18b2546fd..0fa6454167 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/escalation.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/escalation.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 from functools import partial
 from inspect import getframeinfo
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple, Type
+from typing import NamedTuple, Optional
 
 import hypothesis
 from hypothesis.errors import _Trimmable
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def accept(filepath):
     return accept
 
 
-FILE_CACHE: Dict[bytes, bool] = {}
+FILE_CACHE: dict[bytes, bool] = {}
 
 
 is_hypothesis_file = belongs_to(hypothesis)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class InterestingOrigin(NamedTuple):
     # location, but have extracted this logic in order to see through `except ...:`
     # blocks and understand the __cause__ (`raise x from y`) or __context__ that
     # first raised an exception as well as PEP-654 exception groups.
-    exc_type: Type[BaseException]
+    exc_type: type[BaseException]
     filename: Optional[str]
     lineno: Optional[int]
     context: "InterestingOrigin | tuple[()]"
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 
     @classmethod
     def from_exception(
-        cls, exception: BaseException, /, seen: Tuple[BaseException, ...] = ()
+        cls, exception: BaseException, /, seen: tuple[BaseException, ...] = ()
     ) -> "InterestingOrigin":
         filename, lineno = None, None
         if tb := get_trimmed_traceback(exception):
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/filtering.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/filtering.py
index bfe858ccfe..4d0435c517 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/filtering.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/filtering.py
@@ -26,10 +26,11 @@
 import inspect
 import math
 import operator
+from collections.abc import Collection
 from decimal import Decimal
 from fractions import Fraction
 from functools import partial
-from typing import Any, Callable, Collection, Dict, NamedTuple, Optional, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple, Optional, TypeVar
 
 from hypothesis.internal.compat import ceil, floor
 from hypothesis.internal.floats import next_down, next_up
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class ConstructivePredicate(NamedTuple):
     for each numeric type, for strings, for bytes, for collection sizes, etc.
     """
 
-    kwargs: Dict[str, Any]
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any]
     predicate: Optional[Predicate]
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/floats.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/floats.py
index 79e6433dca..3ef5d6c030 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/floats.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/internal/floats.py
@@ -11,16 +11,7 @@
 import math
 import struct
 from sys import float_info
-from typing import (
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Literal,
-    Optional,
-    SupportsFloat,
-    Tuple,
-    Union,
-)
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Literal, Optional, SupportsFloat, Union
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import TypeAlias
@@ -35,13 +26,13 @@
 
 # Format codes for (int, float) sized types, used for byte-wise casts.
 # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/struct.html#format-characters
-STRUCT_FORMATS: Dict[int, Tuple[UnsignedIntFormat, FloatFormat]] = {
+STRUCT_FORMATS: dict[int, tuple[UnsignedIntFormat, FloatFormat]] = {
     16: ("!H", "!e"),
     32: ("!I", "!f"),
     64: ("!Q", "!d"),
 }
 
-TO_SIGNED_FORMAT: Dict[UnsignedIntFormat, SignedIntFormat] = {
+TO_SIGNED_FORMAT: dict[UnsignedIntFormat, SignedIntFormat] = {
     "!H": "!h",
     "!I": "!i",
     "!Q": "!q",
@@ -138,7 +129,7 @@ def next_up_normal(value: float, width: int, *, allow_subnormal: bool) -> float:
 # Smallest positive non-zero numbers that is fully representable by an
 # IEEE-754 float, calculated with the width's associated minimum exponent.
 # Values from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754#Basic_and_interchange_formats
-width_smallest_normals: Dict[int, float] = {
+width_smallest_normals: dict[int, float] = {
     16: 2 ** -(2 ** (5 - 1) - 2),
     32: 2 ** -(2 ** (8 - 1) - 2),
     64: 2 ** -(2 ** (11 - 1) - 2),
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/stateful.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/stateful.py
index 190d7076fd..7c60d2752f 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/stateful.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/stateful.py
@@ -17,22 +17,12 @@
 """
 import collections
 import inspect
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 from copy import copy
 from functools import lru_cache
 from io import StringIO
 from time import perf_counter
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Callable,
-    ClassVar,
-    Dict,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Union,
-    overload,
-)
+from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar, Optional, Union, overload
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 import attr
@@ -274,17 +264,17 @@ class RuleBasedStateMachine(metaclass=StateMachineMeta):
     At any given point a random applicable rule will be executed.
     """
 
-    _rules_per_class: ClassVar[Dict[type, List[classmethod]]] = {}
-    _invariants_per_class: ClassVar[Dict[type, List[classmethod]]] = {}
-    _initializers_per_class: ClassVar[Dict[type, List[classmethod]]] = {}
+    _rules_per_class: ClassVar[dict[type, list[classmethod]]] = {}
+    _invariants_per_class: ClassVar[dict[type, list[classmethod]]] = {}
+    _initializers_per_class: ClassVar[dict[type, list[classmethod]]] = {}
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         if not self.rules():
             raise InvalidDefinition(f"Type {type(self).__name__} defines no rules")
-        self.bundles: Dict[str, list] = {}
+        self.bundles: dict[str, list] = {}
         self.names_counters: collections.Counter = collections.Counter()
         self.names_list: list[str] = []
-        self.names_to_values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.names_to_values: dict[str, Any] = {}
         self.__stream = StringIO()
         self.__printer = RepresentationPrinter(
             self.__stream, context=_current_build_context.value
@@ -651,15 +641,15 @@ def _convert_targets(targets, target):
 # a `SearchStrategy`, which the concrete implementation does not accept.
 #
 # Omitted `targets` parameters, where the default value is used, are typed with
-# a special `_OmittedArgument` type. We cannot type them as `Tuple[()]`, because
-# `Tuple[()]` is a subtype of `Sequence[Bundle[Ex]]`, leading to signature
+# a special `_OmittedArgument` type. We cannot type them as `tuple[()]`, because
+# `tuple[()]` is a subtype of `Sequence[Bundle[Ex]]`, leading to signature
 # overlaps with incompatible return types. The `_OmittedArgument` type will never be
 # encountered at runtime, and exists solely to annotate the default of `targets`.
 # PEP 661 (Sentinel Values) might provide a more elegant alternative in the future.
 #
-# We could've also annotated `targets` as `Tuple[_OmittedArgument]`, but then when
+# We could've also annotated `targets` as `tuple[_OmittedArgument]`, but then when
 # both `target` and `targets` are provided, mypy describes the type error as an
-# invalid argument type for `targets` (expected `Tuple[_OmittedArgument]`, got ...).
+# invalid argument type for `targets` (expected `tuple[_OmittedArgument]`, got ...).
 # By annotating it as a bare `_OmittedArgument` type, mypy's error will warn that
 # there is no overloaded signature matching the call, which is more descriptive.
 #
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/statistics.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/statistics.py
index bd3f4e3e30..cee3c2b9ef 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/statistics.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/statistics.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 
 import math
 from collections import Counter
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, cast
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
 
 from hypothesis._settings import Phase
 from hypothesis.utils.dynamicvariables import DynamicVariable
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ def note_statistics(stats_dict: "StatisticsDict") -> None:
         callback(stats_dict)
 
 
-def describe_targets(best_targets: Dict[str, float]) -> List[str]:
+def describe_targets(best_targets: dict[str, float]) -> list[str]:
     """Return a list of lines describing the results of `target`, if any."""
     # These lines are included in the general statistics description below,
     # but also printed immediately below failing examples to alleviate the
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/collections.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/collections.py
index 5d43390630..e647ec07fb 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/collections.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/collections.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 import copy
-from typing import Any, Iterable, Tuple, overload
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any, overload
 
 from hypothesis.errors import InvalidArgument
 from hypothesis.internal.conjecture import utils as cu
@@ -64,26 +65,26 @@ def calc_is_empty(self, recur):
 
 
 @overload
-def tuples() -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[()]]:  # pragma: no cover
+def tuples() -> SearchStrategy[tuple[()]]:  # pragma: no cover
     ...
 
 
 @overload
-def tuples(__a1: SearchStrategy[Ex]) -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[Ex]]:  # pragma: no cover
+def tuples(__a1: SearchStrategy[Ex]) -> SearchStrategy[tuple[Ex]]:  # pragma: no cover
     ...
 
 
 @overload
 def tuples(
     __a1: SearchStrategy[Ex], __a2: SearchStrategy[T]
-) -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[Ex, T]]:  # pragma: no cover
+) -> SearchStrategy[tuple[Ex, T]]:  # pragma: no cover
     ...
 
 
 @overload
 def tuples(
     __a1: SearchStrategy[Ex], __a2: SearchStrategy[T], __a3: SearchStrategy[T3]
-) -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[Ex, T, T3]]:  # pragma: no cover
+) -> SearchStrategy[tuple[Ex, T, T3]]:  # pragma: no cover
     ...
 
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ def tuples(
     __a2: SearchStrategy[T],
     __a3: SearchStrategy[T3],
     __a4: SearchStrategy[T4],
-) -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[Ex, T, T3, T4]]:  # pragma: no cover
+) -> SearchStrategy[tuple[Ex, T, T3, T4]]:  # pragma: no cover
     ...
 
 
@@ -104,20 +105,20 @@ def tuples(
     __a3: SearchStrategy[T3],
     __a4: SearchStrategy[T4],
     __a5: SearchStrategy[T5],
-) -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[Ex, T, T3, T4, T5]]:  # pragma: no cover
+) -> SearchStrategy[tuple[Ex, T, T3, T4, T5]]:  # pragma: no cover
     ...
 
 
 @overload
 def tuples(
     *args: SearchStrategy[Any],
-) -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[Any, ...]]:  # pragma: no cover
+) -> SearchStrategy[tuple[Any, ...]]:  # pragma: no cover
     ...
 
 
 @cacheable
 @defines_strategy()
-def tuples(*args: SearchStrategy[Any]) -> SearchStrategy[Tuple[Any, ...]]:
+def tuples(*args: SearchStrategy[Any]) -> SearchStrategy[tuple[Any, ...]]:
     """Return a strategy which generates a tuple of the same length as args by
     generating the value at index i from args[i].
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py
index b26e9f722a..e652116ed5 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 from re import Pattern
 from types import FunctionType, GenericAlias
 from typing import (
+    Annotated,
     Any,
     AnyStr,
     Callable,
@@ -1360,7 +1361,7 @@ def _get_typeddict_qualifiers(key, annotation_type):
             qualifiers = []
             while True:
                 annotation_origin = types.extended_get_origin(annotation_type)
-                if annotation_origin in types.AnnotatedTypes:
+                if annotation_origin is Annotated:
                     if annotation_args := get_args(annotation_type):
                         annotation_type = annotation_args[0]
                     else:
@@ -1793,7 +1794,7 @@ class DrawFn(Protocol):
     .. code-block:: python
 
         @composite
-        def list_and_index(draw: DrawFn) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+        def list_and_index(draw: DrawFn) -> tuple[int, str]:
             i = draw(integers())  # type inferred as 'int'
             s = draw(text())  # type inferred as 'str'
             return i, s
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/lazy.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/lazy.py
index 8f887293e6..6cb582c5e0 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/lazy.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/lazy.py
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 # v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 from inspect import signature
-from typing import MutableMapping
 from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
 
 from hypothesis.configuration import check_sideeffect_during_initialization
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/random.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/random.py
index 30de91e234..0e87459443 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/random.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/random.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import inspect
 import math
 from random import Random
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any
 
 import attr
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def _randbelow(self, n: int) -> int:  # type: ignore
 STUBS = {f.__name__: f for f in [getrandbits, random, _randbelow]}
 
 
-SIGNATURES: Dict[str, inspect.Signature] = {}
+SIGNATURES: dict[str, inspect.Signature] = {}
 
 
 def sig_of(name):
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/strategies.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/strategies.py
index dc7a129d06..c040f748a5 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/strategies.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/strategies.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import sys
 import warnings
 from collections import abc, defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from functools import lru_cache
 from random import shuffle
 from typing import (
@@ -18,10 +19,7 @@
     Any,
     Callable,
     ClassVar,
-    Dict,
     Generic,
-    List,
-    Sequence,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -327,7 +325,7 @@ def example(self) -> Ex:
         try:
             return self.__examples.pop()
         except (AttributeError, IndexError):
-            self.__examples: List[Ex] = []
+            self.__examples: list[Ex] = []
 
         from hypothesis.core import given
 
@@ -395,7 +393,7 @@ def _filter_for_filtered_draw(self, condition):
         return FilteredStrategy(conditions=(condition,), strategy=self)
 
     @property
-    def branches(self) -> List["SearchStrategy[Ex]"]:
+    def branches(self) -> list["SearchStrategy[Ex]"]:
         return [self]
 
     def __or__(self, other: "SearchStrategy[T]") -> "SearchStrategy[Union[Ex, T]]":
@@ -432,7 +430,7 @@ def validate(self) -> None:
             self.validate_called = False
             raise
 
-    LABELS: ClassVar[Dict[type, int]] = {}
+    LABELS: ClassVar[dict[type, int]] = {}
 
     @property
     def class_label(self):
@@ -850,7 +848,7 @@ def do_draw(self, data: ConjectureData) -> Any:
         raise UnsatisfiedAssumption
 
     @property
-    def branches(self) -> List[SearchStrategy[Ex]]:
+    def branches(self) -> list[SearchStrategy[Ex]]:
         return [
             MappedStrategy(strategy, pack=self.pack)
             for strategy in self.mapped_strategy.branches
@@ -1025,7 +1023,7 @@ def do_filtered_draw(self, data):
         return filter_not_satisfied
 
     @property
-    def branches(self) -> List[SearchStrategy[Ex]]:
+    def branches(self) -> list[SearchStrategy[Ex]]:
         return [
             FilteredStrategy(strategy=strategy, conditions=self.flat_conditions)
             for strategy in self.filtered_strategy.branches
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py
index 6d14b2e516..6dea780c95 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py
@@ -73,28 +73,6 @@
     except ImportError:
         _AnnotatedAlias = ()
 
-TypeAliasTypes: tuple = ()
-try:
-    TypeAliasTypes += (typing.TypeAlias,)
-except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
-    pass  # Is missing for `python<3.10`
-try:
-    TypeAliasTypes += (typing_extensions.TypeAlias,)
-except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
-    pass  # Is missing for `typing_extensions<3.10`
-
-ClassVarTypes: tuple = (typing.ClassVar,)
-try:
-    ClassVarTypes += (typing_extensions.ClassVar,)
-except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
-    pass  # `typing_extensions` might not be installed
-
-FinalTypes: tuple = (typing.Final,)
-try:
-    FinalTypes += (typing_extensions.Final,)
-except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
-    pass  # `typing_extensions` might not be installed
-
 ConcatenateTypes: tuple = ()
 try:
     ConcatenateTypes += (typing.Concatenate,)
@@ -163,13 +141,6 @@
     pass  # `typing_extensions` might not be installed
 
 
-AnnotatedTypes: tuple = (typing.Annotated,)
-try:
-    AnnotatedTypes += (typing_extensions.Annotated,)
-except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
-    pass  # `typing_extensions` might not be installed
-
-
 LiteralStringTypes: tuple = ()
 try:
     LiteralStringTypes += (typing.LiteralString,)  # type: ignore
@@ -206,21 +177,21 @@
 # `Final` is a great example: it just indicates that this value can't be reassigned.
 NON_RUNTIME_TYPES = (
     typing.Any,
-    *ClassVarTypes,
-    *TypeAliasTypes,
-    *FinalTypes,
+    typing.Annotated,
     *ConcatenateTypes,
     *ParamSpecTypes,
     *TypeGuardTypes,
 )
 for name in (
-    "Annotated",
+    "ClassVar",
+    "Final",
     "NoReturn",
     "Self",
     "Required",
     "NotRequired",
     "ReadOnly",
     "Never",
+    "TypeAlias",
     "TypeVarTuple",
     "Unpack",
 ):
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/utils.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/utils.py
index d60eabea9b..8fb6ff7e72 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/utils.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/utils.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import sys
 import threading
 from inspect import signature
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable
 
 import attr
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from hypothesis.strategies._internal.strategies import SearchStrategy, T
 
-_strategies: Dict[str, Callable[..., "SearchStrategy"]] = {}
+_strategies: dict[str, Callable[..., "SearchStrategy"]] = {}
 
 
 class FloatKey:
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/utils/dynamicvariables.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/utils/dynamicvariables.py
index cb823628b2..11b5b89958 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/utils/dynamicvariables.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/utils/dynamicvariables.py
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 import threading
+from collections.abc import Generator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import Generator, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/conftest.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/conftest.py
index 128f357fb9..f9b29290c8 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/conftest.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/conftest.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 from importlib import import_module
 from os import getenv
 from types import ModuleType, SimpleNamespace
-from typing import List, Tuple
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ class InvalidArgumentWarning(UserWarning):
 
 
 name_to_entry_point = installed_array_modules()
-xp_and_xps_pairs: List[Tuple[ModuleType, SimpleNamespace]] = []
+xp_and_xps_pairs: list[tuple[ModuleType, SimpleNamespace]] = []
 with warnings.catch_warnings():
     # We ignore all warnings here as many array modules warn on import. Ideally
     # we would just ignore ImportWarning, but no one seems to use it!
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/test_partial_adoptors.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/test_partial_adoptors.py
index 7e6531e46d..186b7a82f1 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/test_partial_adoptors.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/array_api/test_partial_adoptors.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 import warnings
 from copy import copy
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from typing import Tuple
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ def __getattr__(self, name):
         return object.__getattr__(self, name)
 
 
-def wrap_array(func: callable, exclude: Tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> callable:
+def wrap_array(func: callable, exclude: tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> callable:
     @functools.wraps(func)
     def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
         result = func(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
 
 
 def make_mock_xp(
-    *, exclude: Tuple[str, ...] = (), exclude_methods: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    *, exclude: tuple[str, ...] = (), exclude_methods: tuple[str, ...] = ()
 ) -> SimpleNamespace:
     xp = copy(mock_xp)
     assert isinstance(exclude, tuple)  # sanity check
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/common/utils.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/common/utils.py
index 521ecca41e..6b70b254ff 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/common/utils.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/common/utils.py
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ def temp_registered(type_, strat_or_factory):
     previously-registered strategy which we got wrong in a few places.
     """
     prev = _global_type_lookup.get(type_)
+    register_type_strategy(type_, strat_or_factory)
     try:
-        register_type_strategy(type_, strat_or_factory)
         yield
     finally:
         del _global_type_lookup[type_]
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/conjecture/test_alt_backend.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/conjecture/test_alt_backend.py
index 805029ad56..dd9edfe809 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/conjecture/test_alt_backend.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/conjecture/test_alt_backend.py
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@
 
 import math
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from random import Random
-from typing import Optional, Sequence
+from typing import Optional
 
 import pytest
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_attrs_inference.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_attrs_inference.py
index 4f5d2524c9..b62b12e00b 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_attrs_inference.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_attrs_inference.py
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ class Inferrables:
         validator=[attr.validators.in_("abcd"), attr.validators.in_(["ab", "cd"])]
     )
 
-    typing_list = attr.ib(type=typing.List[int])
-    typing_list_of_list = attr.ib(type=typing.List[typing.List[int]])
-    typing_dict = attr.ib(type=typing.Dict[str, int])
+    typing_list = attr.ib(type=list[int])
+    typing_list_of_list = attr.ib(type=list[list[int]])
+    typing_dict = attr.ib(type=dict[str, int])
     typing_optional = attr.ib(type=typing.Optional[bool])
     typing_union = attr.ib(type=typing.Union[str, int])
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_database_backend.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_database_backend.py
index 19d33d2df1..53b56d49e0 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_database_backend.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_database_backend.py
@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
 import re
 import tempfile
 import zipfile
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager, nullcontext
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
 from shutil import make_archive, rmtree
-from typing import Iterator, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Optional
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ def test_ga_require_readonly_wrapping():
 @contextmanager
 def ga_empty_artifact(
     date: Optional[datetime] = None, path: Optional[Path] = None
-) -> Iterator[Tuple[Path, Path]]:
+) -> Iterator[tuple[Path, Path]]:
     """Creates an empty GitHub artifact."""
     if date:
         timestamp = date.isoformat().replace(":", "_")
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_health_checks.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_health_checks.py
index 4133b6d1e7..3d0f04e536 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_health_checks.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_health_checks.py
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ def test(x):
     test()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(settings._current_profile == "crosshair", reason="nondeterministic")
 def test_suppressing_filtering_health_check():
     forbidden = set()
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup.py
index d1a42d86b3..9994c02ed3 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup.py
@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from inspect import signature
 from numbers import Real
+from typing import (
+    Dict as _Dict,
+    FrozenSet as _FrozenSet,
+    List as _List,
+    Set as _Set,
+    Tuple as _Tuple,
+    Type as _Type,
+)
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -66,12 +74,6 @@
     ),
     key=str,
 )
-_Type = getattr(typing, "Type", None)
-_List = getattr(typing, "List", None)
-_Dict = getattr(typing, "Dict", None)
-_Set = getattr(typing, "Set", None)
-_FrozenSet = getattr(typing, "FrozenSet", None)
-_Tuple = getattr(typing, "Tuple", None)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("typ", generics, ids=repr)
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup_py39.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup_py39.py
index 35bf803573..3181850c8e 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup_py39.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_lookup_py39.py
@@ -30,12 +30,10 @@
     "annotated_type,expected_strategy_repr",
     [
         (typing.Annotated[int, "foo"], "integers()"),
-        (typing.Annotated[typing.List[float], "foo"], "lists(floats())"),
+        (typing.Annotated[list[float], "foo"], "lists(floats())"),
         (typing.Annotated[typing.Annotated[str, "foo"], "bar"], "text()"),
         (
-            typing.Annotated[
-                typing.Annotated[typing.List[typing.Dict[str, bool]], "foo"], "bar"
-            ],
+            typing.Annotated[typing.Annotated[list[dict[str, bool]], "foo"], "bar"],
             "lists(dictionaries(keys=text(), values=booleans()))",
         ),
     ],
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ def test_issue_3080():
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class TypingTuple:
-    a: dict[typing.Tuple[int, int], str]
+    a: dict[tuple[int, int], str]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_type_lookup.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_type_lookup.py
index 2b731b1e75..9d239496ef 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_type_lookup.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/cover/test_type_lookup.py
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@
 import abc
 import enum
 import sys
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from inspect import Parameter as P, Signature
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Generic, List, Sequence, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Callable, Generic, List as _List, TypeVar, Union
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -279,7 +281,7 @@ class Lines(Sequence[str]):
     """
 
 
-class SpecificDict(Dict[int, int]):
+class SpecificDict(dict[int, int]):
     pass
 
 
@@ -308,10 +310,10 @@ def test_issue_2951_regression():
 
 def test_issue_2951_regression_two_params():
     map_strat = st.builds(SpecificDict, st.dictionaries(st.integers(), st.integers()))
-    expected = repr(st.from_type(Dict[int, int]))
+    expected = repr(st.from_type(dict[int, int]))
     with temp_registered(SpecificDict, map_strat):
         assert st.from_type(SpecificDict) == map_strat
-        assert expected == repr(st.from_type(Dict[int, int]))
+        assert expected == repr(st.from_type(dict[int, int]))
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -332,15 +334,20 @@ def test_generic_origin_with_type_args(generic, strategy):
     assert generic not in types._global_type_lookup
 
 
+skip_39 = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 9), reason="early version")
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "generic",
     (
         Callable,
-        List,
+        list,
         Sequence,
         # you can register types with all generic parameters
-        List[T],
-        Sequence[T],
+        _List[T],
+        getattr(typing, "Sequence", None)[T],  # pyupgrade workaround
+        pytest.param(list[T], marks=skip_39),
+        pytest.param(Sequence[T], marks=skip_39),
         # User-defined generics should also work
         MyGeneric,
         MyGeneric[T],
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_build_signature.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_build_signature.py
index ae5f3740fc..348a4daf20 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_build_signature.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_build_signature.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 from inspect import signature
-from typing import List, Optional, get_type_hints
+from typing import Optional, get_type_hints
 
 from hypothesis import given, strategies as st
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def use_annotations(
 
 
 def use_signature(
-    self, testA: int, testB: Optional[str] = None, *, testX: float, testY: List[str]
+    self, testA: int, testB: Optional[str] = None, *, testX: float, testY: list[str]
 ):
     pass
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_drypython_returns.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_drypython_returns.py
index 6c1ce3e0a5..3e1d8a703f 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_drypython_returns.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_drypython_returns.py
@@ -178,8 +178,9 @@ def mixed_generic_func2(obj: _SecondBase[float, D]):
     ],
 )
 def test_several_generic_bases_functions(type_, func):
-    with temp_registered(_FirstBase, st.builds(type_)), temp_registered(
-        _SecondBase, st.builds(type_)
+    with (
+        temp_registered(_FirstBase, st.builds(type_)),
+        temp_registered(_SecondBase, st.builds(type_)),
     ):
         find_any(st.builds(func))
 
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_type_lookup_forward_ref.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_type_lookup_forward_ref.py
index ab48ad6a31..2c9638800f 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_type_lookup_forward_ref.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/nocover/test_type_lookup_forward_ref.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
-from typing import Dict, ForwardRef, List, Union
+from typing import Dict as _Dict, ForwardRef, Union
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 @given(st.data())
 def test_mutually_recursive_types_with_typevar(data):
     # The previously-failing example from the issue
-    A = Dict[bool, "B"]
-    B = Union[List[bool], A]
+    A = _Dict[bool, "B"]
+    B = Union[list[bool], A]
 
     with pytest.raises(ResolutionFailed, match=r"Could not resolve ForwardRef\('B'\)"):
         data.draw(st.from_type(A))
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ def test_mutually_recursive_types_with_typevar(data):
 def test_mutually_recursive_types_with_typevar_alternate(data):
     # It's not particularly clear why this version passed when the previous
     # test failed, but different behaviour means we add both to the suite.
-    C = Union[List[bool], "D"]
-    D = Dict[bool, C]
+    C = Union[list[bool], "D"]
+    D = dict[bool, C]
 
     with pytest.raises(ResolutionFailed, match=r"Could not resolve ForwardRef\('D'\)"):
         data.draw(st.from_type(C))
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/tests/typing_extensions/test_backported_types.py b/hypothesis-python/tests/typing_extensions/test_backported_types.py
index ab7c723f81..9e09b29de4 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/tests/typing_extensions/test_backported_types.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/tests/typing_extensions/test_backported_types.py
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@
 # obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 import collections
-from typing import Callable, DefaultDict, Dict, List, NewType, Type, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Callable, DefaultDict, NewType, Union
 
 import pytest
 import typing_extensions
 from typing_extensions import (
-    Annotated,
     Concatenate,
     LiteralString,
     NotRequired,
@@ -78,10 +77,10 @@ def test_simple_typeddict(value):
 
 
 def test_typing_extensions_Type_int():
-    assert_simple_property(from_type(Type[int]), lambda v: v is int)
+    assert_simple_property(from_type(type[int]), lambda v: v is int)
 
 
-@given(from_type(Union[Type[str], Type[list]]))
+@given(from_type(Union[type[str], type[list]]))
 def test_typing_extensions_Type_Union(ex):
     assert ex in (str, list)
 
@@ -105,56 +104,6 @@ def test_defaultdict(ex):
     assert all(isinstance(elem, int) for elem in ex.values())
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "annotated_type,expected_strategy_repr",
-    [
-        (Annotated[int, "foo"], "integers()"),
-        (Annotated[List[float], "foo"], "lists(floats())"),
-        (Annotated[Annotated[str, "foo"], "bar"], "text()"),
-        (
-            Annotated[Annotated[List[Dict[str, bool]], "foo"], "bar"],
-            "lists(dictionaries(keys=text(), values=booleans()))",
-        ),
-    ],
-)
-def test_typing_extensions_Annotated(annotated_type, expected_strategy_repr):
-    assert repr(st.from_type(annotated_type)) == expected_strategy_repr
-
-
-PositiveInt = Annotated[int, st.integers(min_value=1)]
-MoreThenTenInt = Annotated[PositiveInt, st.integers(min_value=10 + 1)]
-WithTwoStrategies = Annotated[int, st.integers(), st.none()]
-ExtraAnnotationNoStrategy = Annotated[PositiveInt, "metadata"]
-
-
-def arg_positive(x: PositiveInt):
-    assert x > 0
-
-
-def arg_more_than_ten(x: MoreThenTenInt):
-    assert x > 10
-
-
-@given(st.data())
-def test_annotated_positive_int(data):
-    data.draw(st.builds(arg_positive))
-
-
-@given(st.data())
-def test_annotated_more_than_ten(data):
-    data.draw(st.builds(arg_more_than_ten))
-
-
-@given(st.data())
-def test_annotated_with_two_strategies(data):
-    assert data.draw(st.from_type(WithTwoStrategies)) is None
-
-
-@given(st.data())
-def test_annotated_extra_metadata(data):
-    assert data.draw(st.from_type(ExtraAnnotationNoStrategy)) > 0
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("non_runtime_type", NON_RUNTIME_TYPES)
 def test_non_runtime_type_cannot_be_resolved(non_runtime_type):
     strategy = st.from_type(non_runtime_type)
diff --git a/website/content/2017-07-16-types-and-properties.md b/website/content/2017-07-16-types-and-properties.md
index 509db2cbe5..7aa25e1249 100644
--- a/website/content/2017-07-16-types-and-properties.md
+++ b/website/content/2017-07-16-types-and-properties.md
@@ -58,13 +58,12 @@ Consider writing this code based on types instead:
 
 ```python
 from statistics import mean
-from typing import List
 
 from hypothesis import given, strategies as st
 
 
 @given(ls=...)
-def test_mean_is_in_bounds(ls: List[float]):
+def test_mean_is_in_bounds(ls: list[float]):
     assert min(ls) <= mean(ls) <= max(ls)
 ```
 
@@ -79,13 +78,12 @@ we have to add a precondition to make the test valid:
 ```python
 import math
 from statistics import mean
-from typing import List
 
 from hypothesis import assume, given, strategies as st
 
 
 @given(ls=...)
-def test_mean_is_in_bounds(ls: List[float]):
+def test_mean_is_in_bounds(ls: list[float]):
     assume(len(ls) > 1)
     assume(all(math.isfinite(x) for x in ls))
     assert min(ls) <= mean(ls) <= max(ls)
diff --git a/whole_repo_tests/revealed_types.py b/whole_repo_tests/revealed_types.py
index c78f3da6bc..08fa706afc 100644
--- a/whole_repo_tests/revealed_types.py
+++ b/whole_repo_tests/revealed_types.py
@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@
     ("text()", "str"),
     ("integers().map(str)", "str"),
     ("booleans().filter(bool)", "bool"),
-    ("tuples()", "Tuple[()]"),
-    ("tuples(integers())", "Tuple[int]"),
-    ("tuples(integers(), text())", "Tuple[int, str]"),
+    ("tuples()", "tuple[()]"),
+    ("tuples(integers())", "tuple[int]"),
+    ("tuples(integers(), text())", "tuple[int, str]"),
     (
         "tuples(integers(), text(), integers(), text(), integers())",
-        "Tuple[int, str, int, str, int]",
+        "tuple[int, str, int, str, int]",
     ),
     (
         "tuples(text(), text(), text(), text(), text(), text())",
-        "Tuple[Any, ...]",
+        "tuple[Any, ...]",
     ),
 ]
 
@@ -140,14 +140,14 @@
     ),
     (
         "integer_array_indices(shape=(2, 3))",
-        "Tuple[ndarray[Any, dtype[signedinteger[Any]]], ...]",
+        "tuple[ndarray[Any, dtype[signedinteger[Any]]], ...]",
     ),
     (
         'integer_array_indices(shape=(2, 3), dtype=np.dtype("int32"))',
-        "Tuple[ndarray[Any, dtype[signedinteger[_32Bit]]], ...]",
+        "tuple[ndarray[Any, dtype[signedinteger[_32Bit]]], ...]",
     ),
     (
         'integer_array_indices(shape=(2, 3), dtype=np.dtype("uint8"))',
-        "Tuple[ndarray[Any, dtype[unsignedinteger[_8Bit]]], ...]",
+        "tuple[ndarray[Any, dtype[unsignedinteger[_8Bit]]], ...]",
     ),
 ]
diff --git a/whole_repo_tests/test_mypy.py b/whole_repo_tests/test_mypy.py
index 0616fce557..8022c3f32b 100644
--- a/whole_repo_tests/test_mypy.py
+++ b/whole_repo_tests/test_mypy.py
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ def get_mypy_analysed_type(fname):
         )
         .replace("numpy._typing.", "")
         .replace("numpy.", "")
-        .replace("tuple", "Tuple")
         .replace("List[", "list[")
         .replace("Dict[", "dict[")
     )