ARROW-5466: [Java][CI] Dockerize Java CI, run all JDK builds in single Travis entry

Since OpenJDK9 has been superseded by OpenJDK11, it is not available in package repositories, so I'm not sure it's worth maintaining a build for this.

I have pushed a pre-built Docker image for this to

https://cloud.docker.com/u/ursalab/repository/docker/ursalab/arrow-ci-java-all-jdks

Author: Wes McKinney <wesm+git@apache.org>

Closes apache#4761 from wesm/java-dockerify and squashes the following commits:

8b81037 <Wes McKinney> Actually run Java unit tests
cf568a2 <Wes McKinney> Code review feedback
6cb5e3f <Wes McKinney> Build Javadoc in docker-compose job
d9c3900 <Wes McKinney> Run all Java builds in a single Dockerized Travis CI entry

Author: wesm

Dockerfile.all-jdks

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+FROM ubuntu:18.04
+
+# install build essentials
+RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && \
+    apt-get update -y -q && \
+    apt-get install -y -q --no-install-recommends \
+        wget \
+        software-properties-common \
+        ca-certificates \
+        maven \
+        rsync \
+        tzdata \
+        openjdk-8-jdk \
+        openjdk-11-jdk && \
+    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Test all supported JDKs
+CMD ["arrow/ci/docker_java_test_all.sh"]