Update curl documentation: reorganize sections, enhance examples, and improve clarity

Author: 0xfab1

docs/tech/tools/cli/curl.md

@@ -5,42 +5,50 @@
 | Official Page | <https://curl.se/>                                                   |
 | Source        | <https://github.com/curl/curl>                                       |
 | Download      | <https://github.com/curl/curl/releases>                              |
+| Docker        | <https://hub.docker.com/r/curlimages/curl>                           |
 | Docs          | <https://everything.curl.dev> or <https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html> |
 | Book          | <https://curl.se/docs/>                                              |
 | Windows       | `scoop install curl`                                                 |
 | Ubuntu        | `sudo apt -y install curl`                                           |
 
-## Random Examples
+## Downloading Files
 
-Example to check /24 range in "abuseipdb.com" for the last 3 days
+Simple download
 
-``` sh
-curl -s -G https://api.abuseipdb.com/api/v2/check-block --data-urlencode "network=123.123.123.1/24" -d maxAgeInDays=$DAYS -H "Key: apikeyfromabuseipdb.com" -H "Accept: application/json" |jq '.data.reportedAddress'
+```sh
+curl -O https://example.com/file.zip
 ```
 
-If you want to inspect the headers of a response from some endpoint include the `-I` flag and `curl` will
-return just the headers.
+Download with output filename
 
-``` sh
-curl -I localhost:3000/posts
+```sh
+curl -o myfile.zip https://example.com/file.zip
 ```
 
-Example of using curl with basic auth credentials
+Use -L to follow redirects:
 
-``` sh
-curl -u username:password staging.example.com
+```sh
+curl -L https://example.com
 ```
 
-Query a website e.g. request a json response from cloudflare-dns.com on TXT records of the domain 0xfab1.net
+## Authentication
+
+Example of using curl with basic auth credentials
 
 ``` sh
-curl -s -H 'accept: application/dns-json' 'https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query?name=0xfab1.net&type=TXT'
+curl -u username:password staging.example.com
 ```
 
 ## Send Mail
 
+Please note: Gmail no longer supports "less secure apps." Use [App Passwords](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833) instead.
+
 ``` sh
-curl --ssl-reqd --url 'smtps://smtp.gmail.com:465' --user 'username@gmail.com:password' --mail-from 'username@gmail.com' --mail-rcpt 'john@example.com' --upload-file mail.txt
+curl --ssl-reqd --url 'smtps://smtp.gmail.com:465' \
+--user 'username@gmail.com:app_password' \
+--mail-from 'username@gmail.com' \
+--mail-rcpt 'john@example.com' \
+--upload-file mail.txt
 ```
 
 mail.txt file contents:
@@ -55,28 +63,122 @@ I’m sending this mail with curl thru my gmail account.
 Bye!
 ```
 
-Some more information:
+Use [--netrc-file](https://everything.curl.dev/usingcurl/netrc) instead of credentials in curl command for better security.
+
+Example:
+
+``` sh
+curl --netrc-file ~/.netrc staging.example.com
+```
 
-- [gmail: turn on access for less secure apps](https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps)
-- Use [--netrc-file](https://everything.curl.dev/usingcurl/netrc) instead of credentials in curl command
-- [Use curl with ssl](https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html)
+``` txt
+machine staging.example.com
+login username
+password password
+```
 
 ## WebDAV
 
-Create Folders
+Create directories on WebDAV:
 
 ``` sh
 curl -X MKCOL 'http://your.server/uploads/nested_folder1' --user 'name:pwd'
 ```
 
-Copy Files
+Upload a file via WebDAV:
 
 ``` sh
-curl -T <filename> -u <username>:<password> <url> -o /dev/stdout
+curl -T file.txt 'http://your.server/uploads/file.txt' --user 'username:password'
 ```
 
-Copy all files in a Folder (and subfolder). Folders must already exist.
+Upload all files in folder (directories must exist):
 
 ``` sh
-cd local_folder_to_upload && find . -exec curl -T {} 'http://your.server/uploads/{}' --user 'name:pwd' \;
+cd local_folder_to_upload && find . -type f -exec curl -T {} 'http://your.server/uploads/{}' --user 'username:password' \;
 ```
+
+## Random Examples
+
+### check netowrk range
+
+Example to check /24 range in "abuseipdb.com" for the last 3 days
+
+``` sh
+DAYS=3
+curl -s -G "https://api.abuseipdb.com/api/v2/check-block" \
+  --data-urlencode "network=123.123.123.1/24" \
+  -d "maxAgeInDays=$DAYS" \
+  -H "Key: apikeyfromabuseipdb.com" \
+  -H "Accept: application/json" \
+  | jq '.data.reportedAddress'
+```
+
+If you dont have jq installed:
+
+- ubuntu: ```sudo apt install jq```
+- windows: ```scoop install jq```
+
+### Inspect headers
+
+If you want to inspect the headers of a response from some endpoint include the `-I` flag and `curl` will return just the headers.
+
+``` sh
+curl -I localhost:3000/posts
+```
+
+or a verbose setting:
+
+``` sh
+curl -v localhost:3000/posts
+```
+
+### Request JSON
+
+Query a website e.g. request a json response from cloudflare-dns.com on TXT records of the domain 0xfab1.net
+
+``` sh
+curl -s -H 'accept: application/dns-json' 'https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query?name=0xfab1.net&type=TXT'
+```
+
+### Send JSON
+
+This command sends a POST request with JSON data.
+
+``` sh
+curl -X POST https://api.example.com/posts \
+-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+-d '{"title":"Hello","body":"Curl"}'
+```
+
+### Timing
+
+This command measures the performance of a request.
+
+It shows:
+
+- DNS lookup time (time_namelookup)
+- TCP connection time (time_connect)
+- total request duration (time_total)
+
+The response body is ignored (-o /dev/null).
+
+``` sh
+curl -w "@-" -o /dev/null -s "https://example.com" <<'EOF'
+time_namelookup: %{time_namelookup}\n
+time_connect: %{time_connect}\n
+time_total: %{time_total}\n
+EOF
+```
+
+### Using a proxy
+
+Route the request through a proxy server (http://proxyserver:port).
+This is useful for debugging, bypassing restrictions, or accessing internal networks.
+
+``` sh
+curl -x http://proxyserver:port https://example.com
+```
+
+### More
+
+- [Use curl with ssl](https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html)