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Add detailed GTIN documentation including structure, prefixes, and validation code
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‎docs/tech/standards/codes.md‎

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Yet another not complete list of random codes.
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## GTIN
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GTIN is the umbrella term for globally standardized product identifiers used to uniquely identify trade items. There are different types based on length:
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- GTIN-13 (13 digits) → same as EAN-13*
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- GTIN-12 (12 digits) → same as UPC-A**
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- GTIN-14 (14 digits) → used for packaging levels or logistics
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- GTIN-8 (8 digits) → for small products
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*EAN is an older term, originally used mainly in Europe. EAN-13 (or GTIN-13) is the most common EAN form. Although the term EAN is still commonly used, it has been officially replaced by GTIN in global standards.
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**UPC-A (Universal Product Code) or GTIN-12 is a 12-digit code widely used in the United States and Canada. There's also a shortened version called UPC-E (8 digits) used for small packages.
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### GTIN structure
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A GTIN is a numeric code (8, 12, 13, or 14 digits long) with this general structure:
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[Country Code] + [Company Prefix] + [Item Reference] + [Check Digit]
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- Company Prefix: Assigned by GS1 (the global standards organization). Identifies the brand owner.
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- Item Reference: Assigned by the company to identify a specific product.
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- Check Digit: A single digit at the end, used to verify that the number was correctly composed or scanned.
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=== "GTIN Prefixes"
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| Prefix | Country / Use | Prefix | Country / Use |
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|---------------|------------------------------------|--------------|----------------------------------------|
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| 00–13 | USA & Canada | 20–29 | Internal numbering |
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| 30–37 | France | 380 | Bulgaria |
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| 383 | Slovenia | 385 | Croatia |
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| 387 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 400–440 | Germany |
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| 45, 49 | Japan | 460–469 | Russia |
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| 471 | Taiwan | 474 | Estonia |
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| 475 | Latvia | 476 | Azerbaijan |
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| 477 | Lithuania | 478 | Uzbekistan |
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| 479 | Sri Lanka | 480 | Philippines |
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| 481 | Belarus | 482 | Ukraine |
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| 484 | Moldova | 485 | Armenia |
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| 486 | Georgia | 487 | Kazakhstan |
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| 489 | Hong Kong | 50 | United Kingdom |
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| 520 | Greece | 528 | Lebanon |
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| 529 | Cyprus | 531 | North Macedonia |
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| 535 | Malta | 539 | Ireland |
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| 54 | Belgium and Luxembourg | 560 | Portugal |
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| 569 | Iceland | 57 | Denmark |
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| 590 | Poland | 594 | Romania |
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| 599 | Hungary | 600, 601 | South Africa |
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| 608 | Bahrain | 609 | Mauritius |
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| 611 | Morocco | 613 | Algeria |
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| 616 | Kenya | 619 | Tunisia |
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| 621 | Syria | 622 | Egypt |
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| 624 | Libya | 625 | Jordan |
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| 626 | Iran | 627 | Kuwait |
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| 628 | Saudi Arabia | 629 | United Arab Emirates |
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| 64 | Finland | 690–695 | China |
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| 70 | Norway | 729 | Israel |
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| 73 | Sweden | 740 | Guatemala |
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| 741 | El Salvador | 742 | Honduras |
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| 743 | Nicaragua | 744 | Costa Rica |
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| 745 | Panama | 746 | Dominican Republic |
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| 750 | Mexico | 76 | Switzerland and Liechtenstein |
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| 770 | Colombia | 773 | Uruguay |
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| 775 | Peru | 777 | Bolivia |
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| 779 | Argentina | 780 | Chile |
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| 784 | Paraguay | 786 | Ecuador |
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| 789–790 | Brazil | 80–83 | Italy |
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| 84 | Spain | 850 | Cuba |
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| 858 | Slovakia | 859 | Czech Republic |
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| 860 | Yugoslavia | 867 | North Korea |
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| 869 | Turkey | 87 | Netherlands |
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| 880 | South Korea | 885 | Thailand |
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| 888 | Singapore | 890 | India |
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| 893 | Vietnam | 899 | Indonesia |
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| 90, 91 | Austria | 93 | Australia |
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| 94 | New Zealand | 955 | Malaysia |
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| 958 | Macau | 977 | Magazines (ISSN) |
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| 978–979 | Books (ISBN) | 980 | Refund receipts, voucher codes |
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| 981–983 | Common Currency Coupons | 990–999 | Coupon codes |
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The check digit is calculated using the modulo 10 algorithm, also known as the Luhn algorithm variant for GTINs. Here is a python code example that uses the check digit to validate a GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14 code:
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=== "GTIN code validation"
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```py
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def is_valid_gtin(gtin):
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if not gtin.isdigit() or len(gtin) not in [8, 12, 13, 14]:
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return False
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digits = list(map(int, gtin))
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total = sum(d * (3 if i % 2 else 1) for i, d in enumerate(reversed(digits[:-1])))
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check = (10 - total % 10) % 10
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return check == digits[-1]
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# Example
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print(is_valid_gtin("4006381333931")) # True
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print(is_valid_gtin("1234567890128")) # False
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```
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## Morse code
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a: .-

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