Add Xoshiro256++ random number generator (#21)

Author: ekzhang

src/graph/connectivity.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl ConnectivityData {
 ///
 /// Multiple-edges and self-loops are correctly handled.
 pub struct ConnectivityGraph<'a> {
-    // Immutable graph, frozen for the lifetime of the ConnectivityGraph object.
+    /// Immutable graph, frozen for the lifetime of the ConnectivityGraph object.
     pub graph: &'a Graph,
     /// ID of a vertex's CC, SCC or 2ECC, whichever applies. Range 1 to num_cc.
     pub cc: Vec<usize>,

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 //! Algorithms Cookbook in Rust.
+
 pub mod caching;
 pub mod graph;
 pub mod math;
 pub mod order;
 pub mod range_query;
+pub mod rng;
 pub mod scanner;
 pub mod string_proc;

src/rng.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//! Pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs).
+
+/// A simple and efficient random number generator.
+pub type SmallRng = Xoshiro256PlusPlus;
+
+/// A xoshiro256++ random number generator.
+///
+/// This is a simplified version of the `SmallRng` implementation from the
+/// excellent `rand` crate, keeping only essential features.
+///
+/// The xoshiro256++ algorithm is not suitable for cryptographic purposes, but
+/// is very fast and has excellent statistical properties.
+///
+/// * Source: [Docs.rs](https://docs.rs/rand/0.8.4/src/rand/rngs/xoshiro256plusplus.rs.html)
+/// * Theory: [Xorshift - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorshift)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Xoshiro256PlusPlus {
+    s: [u64; 4],
+}
+
+impl Xoshiro256PlusPlus {
+    /// Construct a new RNG from a 64-bit seed.
+    pub fn new(mut state: u64) -> Self {
+        const PHI: u64 = 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
+        let mut seed = <[u64; 4]>::default();
+        for chunk in &mut seed {
+            state = state.wrapping_add(PHI);
+            let mut z = state;
+            z = (z ^ (z >> 30)).wrapping_mul(0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9);
+            z = (z ^ (z >> 27)).wrapping_mul(0x94d049bb133111eb);
+            z = z ^ (z >> 31);
+            *chunk = z;
+        }
+        Self { s: seed }
+    }
+
+    /// Generate a random `u32`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+        (self.next_u64() >> 32) as u32
+    }
+
+    /// Generate a random `u64`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        let result_plusplus = self.s[0]
+            .wrapping_add(self.s[3])
+            .rotate_left(23)
+            .wrapping_add(self.s[0]);
+
+        let t = self.s[1] << 17;
+
+        self.s[2] ^= self.s[0];
+        self.s[3] ^= self.s[1];
+        self.s[1] ^= self.s[2];
+        self.s[0] ^= self.s[3];
+
+        self.s[2] ^= t;
+
+        self.s[3] = self.s[3].rotate_left(45);
+
+        result_plusplus
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_xoshiro256plusplus() {
+        let mut rng = Xoshiro256PlusPlus::new(42);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 15021278609987233951);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 5881210131331364753);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 18149643915985481100);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 12933668939759105464);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 14637574242682825331);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 10848501901068131965);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 2312344417745909078);
+        assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 11162538943635311430);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reference() {
+        let mut rng = Xoshiro256PlusPlus { s: [1, 2, 3, 4] };
+        // These values were produced with the reference implementation:
+        // http://xoshiro.di.unimi.it/xoshiro256plusplus.c
+        let expected = [
+            41943041,
+            58720359,
+            3588806011781223,
+            3591011842654386,
+            9228616714210784205,
+            9973669472204895162,
+            14011001112246962877,
+            12406186145184390807,
+            15849039046786891736,
+            10450023813501588000,
+        ];
+        for &e in &expected {
+            assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), e);
+        }
+    }
+}