forked from gnustep/tools-make
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
GNUstep.7
189 lines (179 loc) · 6.49 KB
/
GNUstep.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
.\" Process this file with
.\" groff -man -Tascii GNUstep.7
.\"
.TH GNUstep 7 "15/12/2007" gnustep-core "GNUstep System Manual"
.SH NAME
GNUstep \- A free implementation of the OpenStep standard
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B GNUstep
provides an Object-Oriented application development framework and toolset for use on a wide variety of computer platforms.
.B GNUstep
is based on the original OpenStep specification provided by NeXT, Inc. (now Apple and called Cocoa).
.P
.B GNUstep
is written in Objective-C, an object-oriented superset of the C programming language, similar to SmallTalk. However there exist a number of bridges and interfaces to develop
.B GNUstep
programs using other languages like JAVA or Ruby.
The
.B GNUstep
core system consists of the following parts, which are jointly referred to as
.I gnustep-core
:
.TP
.I gnustep-make
A set of scripts and makefiles that heavily ease the creation and maintenance of software projects.
.TP
.I gnustep-base
The FoundationKit libraries for non-GUI tools providing everything from string and array classes, filemanager classes to distributed objects.
.TP
.I gnustep-gui
The ApplicationKit containing widgets, workspace classes and means for applications to interact with the user. This is the frontend of \fBGNUstep\fR's GUI part.
.TP
.I gnustep-back
This is the backend of
.BR GNUstep 's
GUI part which does the actual rendering and event handling. It acts as a layer between gnustep-gui and the operating/drawing system. Backends exist for X11 (one using cairo, one using libart, one using xlib drawing) and win32.
.PP
Apart from the above, there exist a number of addon libraries related to
GNUstep, like
.B Renaissance
which allows developers to specify an application's user interface in xml. For database access, there is
.B GDL2
\- the GNUstep Database Library. Please refer to the
.B GNUstep
website for more information.
.PP
.B GNUstep
per default is self-contained. That means that all
.B GNUstep
applications, tools, libraries and add-ons are installed into the
.B GNUstep
directory hierarchy. However as of
.I gnustep-make-2.0.0
it is also possible to install everything in compliance with other filesystem hierarchies. See the
.I FilesystemLayouts
directory in the source package of
.I gnustep-make
for more information.
.PP
There are four domains which are searched for files: the System domain, which
should only contain the core system files, the Local domain which stores all
that has later been installed on the system, the Network domain which should
be used for importing data from a remote system, and the User domain which resides in the user's home directory (mostly
.IR ~/GNUstep ).
.PP
A complete description of the default
.B GNUstep
layout can be found in the
.IR filesystem.pdf .
.SS TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
In the world of GNUstep the term
.I tool
refers to command line programs whereas
.I applications
are fully fledged GUI programs.
Naturally,
.I tools
reside in the domains' Tools folder,
.I applications
can be
found in the domains' Applications folder.
Applications are either launched using the
.B openapp
command or from the Workspace.
.SS SERVICES
.RB "In " GNUstep
applications globally offer functionality to other applications through
.IR services .
They can be reached through the Services menu entry in an
application's main menu. Apart from
.I services
offered by applications, there may
be programs whose sole purpose is the offering of services. They can be found
in the domains' Libary/Services folders.
.PP
The
.B make_services
tool makes sure the services are known to other applications when a application is newly installed.
.SS BUNDLES
A bundle is a collection of resources making up a discrete package for use. There are currently three types of bundles: applications, frameworks and loadable bundles.
.P
A loadable bundle is a kind of plug-in. There are two types of loadable bundles, namely plug-ins and palettes. The plug-in is normally referred to as a bundle, which can make it a bit confusing. A plug-in is a bundle that can be loaded by an application to provide additional functionality, while a palette is a plug-in for
.BR GORM ,
the interface builder. A palette is used to extend
.B GORM
with custom UI objects. Palettes have a
.I .palette
extension.
.SS THE WORKSPACE
.P
The central place of the user interface is the
.I Workspace
or
.I Workspace Manager
which acts as an interface between the user and parts of the system like
files, processes, etc. The GWorkspace application provides this functionality
in GNUstep. See the GWorkspace website for more details.
.SS DEVELOPER APPLICATIONS
.P
What would a development environment be without the applications to
create applications? The applications provided by GNUstep for Rapid
Application Development are:
.TP
GORM
.B GORM
is the interface modeler. With
.B GORM
you can quickly create the graphical interface of your application.
.TP
Project Center
.B Project Center
is the program where you can develop your program. It offers you automatic generation of
.I GNUmakefiles
, project maintenance and of course a code editor.
.SH SEE ALSO
gcc(1), gdnc(1), gdomap(8), gopen(1), gpbs(1), make(1), openapp(1)
.PP
.B GNUstep Websites:
.TP
http://www.gnustep.org/
Official GNUstep website
.TP
http://wiki.gnustep.org/
GNUstep Wiki (lots of useful information)
.TP
http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gnustep/
GNUstep Project Page
.TP
http://gnustep.made-it.com/
GNUstep Documentation Library
.TP
http://www.collaboration-world.com
Collaboration World, the home of GNUmail
.TP
http://www.gnustep.it/
The home of GWorkspace, JIGS, Renaissance and programming tutorials.
.P
.B Mailinglists
.TP
http://www.gnustep.org/information/gethelp.html
Mailing lists and mailing list archives.
.P
.B IRC
.TP
#GNUstep on FreeNode
You are invited to join the #GNUstep IRC channel on FreeNode (irc.freenode.net).
.SH HISTORY
.B GNUstep
was at first a collaboration of two projects that wanted to create a single
.B GNUstep
project that complied to the OpenStep specification provided by NeXT Computer, Inc. and SunSoft, Inc. Development of this joint effort started around 1993-1994. For a more detailed history description see the GNUstep Documentation Library referenced in the
.B SEE ALSO
section.
.PP
GNUstep is developed and maintained by a large number of people. Please
see <http://www.gnustep.org/developers/whoiswho.html> for a list.
.SH AUTHORS
This man-page was first written by Martin Brecher <martin@mb-itconsulting.com> in august of 2003.
.PP
In December 2007 it was expanded by Dennis Leeuw <dleeuw@made-it.com> and made to comply with the gnustep-make-2.0.x releases.