diff --git "a/\351\253\230\344\270\255\346\225\260\345\255\246.md" "b/\351\253\230\344\270\255\346\225\260\345\255\246.md" index 4f62e78..a84d9f9 100644 --- "a/\351\253\230\344\270\255\346\225\260\345\255\246.md" +++ "b/\351\253\230\344\270\255\346\225\260\345\255\246.md" @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ $a^3-b^3=(a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)$ 自然数: N -正整数:$N^*$ $N_+$ +正整数:$N^*$ $N^+$ 整数:Z @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ y叫做函数值 * 观察法/直接法 * 配方法 * 换元法:$y=ax+b±\sqrt{cx+d}(a≠0,c≠0)$一般用代数换元法 -* 分离常数法:$y=\frac{cx+d}{ax+b}(a≠0)$的函数的值域:${y|y≠\frac c a,y∈R}$ +* 分离常数法:$y=\frac{cx+d}{ax+b}(a≠0)$的函数的值域:{$y|y≠\frac c a,y∈R$} * 图像法:二次函数求值域通常采用 @@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ $y=x^a(a∈Z)$,a是偶数,函数为偶函数;a是奇数,函数为奇函 * 球心到截面圆心的连线垂直于截面 * 球心到截面的距离d与球半径R以及截面圆的半径r:$r=\sqrt{R^2-d^2}$ * 大圆:球面被经过球心的平面截得的圆 -* 小球:球面被不经过球心的平面截得的圆 +* 小圆:球面被不经过球心的平面截得的圆 @@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ x轴和y轴夹角45°,y轴刻度长度为原来的二分之一;平行于x轴 圆锥底面半径为r,母线长l,侧面积$S_{圆锥侧}=πrl$,表面积$S_{圆锥表}=πr^2+πrl=πr(r+l)$ -圆台侧面展开是一个扇环,表面积等于上下两个底面面积加上侧面面积。r'是上底面半径,r是下底面半径,$S_{圆台侧}=π(r+r')l$, $S_{圆台表}=π{r'^2+r^2+r'l+rl}$ +圆台侧面展开是一个扇环,表面积等于上下两个底面面积加上侧面面积。r'是上底面半径,r是下底面半径,$S_{圆台侧}=π(r+r')l$, $S_{圆台表}=π(r'^2+r^2+r'l+rl)$ @@ -1065,6 +1065,24 @@ $V_{柱体}=Sh \xleftarrow{S'=S}V_{台体}=\frac{1}{3}(S'+\sqrt{S'S}+S)h \xright +## 长方体的外接球 + +长方体外接球半径$r=\frac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}{2}$ + + + +正方体(a为棱长) + +* 外接球半径$r=\frac{\sqrt 3}{2}a$ +* 内切球半径$r=\frac a 2$ +* 与各条棱都相切的球,球心是正方体中心,$r=\frac{\sqrt 2}{2}a$(面对角线长) + + + + + + + # 点、直线、平面之间的位置关系 ## 空间点、直线、平面之间的位置关系 @@ -1100,7 +1118,7 @@ $V_{柱体}=Sh \xleftarrow{S'=S}V_{台体}=\frac{1}{3}(S'+\sqrt{S'S}+S)h \xright * 共面直线 * 相交直线:同一平面内,有且只有一个公共点 * 平行直线:同一平面内,没有公共点 -* 异面直线:不再任何一个平面内,没有公共点 +* 异面直线:不在任何一个平面内,没有公共点 @@ -1295,7 +1313,7 @@ $V_{柱体}=Sh \xleftarrow{S'=S}V_{台体}=\frac{1}{3}(S'+\sqrt{S'S}+S)h \xright | 斜截式 | 斜率k与直线在y轴上的截距为b | y=kx+b | 斜率存在,即适用于与x轴不垂直的直线 | | 两点式 | 点$P_1(x_1,y_1)$和点$P_2(x_2,y_2)$ | $\frac{y-y_1}{y_2-y_1}=\frac{x-x_1}{x_2-x_1}$ | 斜率存在且不为0,即适用于与两坐标轴都不垂直的直线 | | 截距式 | 直线在x轴上的截距为a和直线在y轴上的截距为b | $\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1$ | 斜率存在且不为0,直线不过原点,即适用于不过原点且与两坐标轴均不垂直的直线 | -| 一般式 | —— | Ax+By+C=0(A,B不同时为0) | | +| 一般式 | —— | Ax+By+C=0 | A,B不同时为0 | @@ -1323,7 +1341,7 @@ y轴:x=0 Ax+By+C=0 -斜率:-A/B +斜率: -A/B 纵截距:-C/B 横截距:-C/A @@ -1382,9 +1400,7 @@ $P_1P_2=\sqrt{1+\frac 1{k^2}}|y_1-y_2|$ #### 两条平行直线间的距离 -两条平行直线:$l_1:Ax+By+C_1=0$和$l_2:Ax+By+C_2=0$间的距离:$d=\frac{|C_1-C_2|}{\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}$ - - +两条平行直线:$l_1:Ax+By+C_1=0$和$l_2:Ax+By+C_2=0$间的距离:$d=\frac{|C_1-C_2|}{\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}$(两直线A,B要相等才能用这个式子) ### 对称问题 @@ -1412,7 +1428,7 @@ $P_1P_2=\sqrt{1+\frac 1{k^2}}|y_1-y_2|$ ### 标准方程 -圆心为A(a,b),半径为r的圆的方程:$(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=r^2$ +圆心为A(a,b),半径为r的圆的方程:$(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=r^2$**(r>0)** 圆心在坐标原点,方程为:$x^2+y^2=r^2$ @@ -1436,11 +1452,11 @@ $|MC|=\sqrt{(x_0-a)^2+(y_0-b)^2}$ 当$D^2+E^2-4F$: -大于0(判断是不是圆):圆心是$(-\frac{D}{2},-\frac{E}{2})$, 半径长$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{{D^2+E^2-4F}}$的圆 +* 大于0(判断是不是圆):圆心是$(-\frac{D}{2},-\frac{E}{2})$, 半径长$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{{D^2+E^2-4F}}$的圆 -等于0:只有实数解$x=-\frac{D}{2},y=-\frac{E}{2}$,它表示一个点 +* 等于0:只有实数解$x=-\frac{D}{2},y=-\frac{E}{2}$,它表示一个点 -小于0,没有实数解,不表示任何图形 +* 小于0,没有实数解,不表示任何图形 @@ -1473,6 +1489,14 @@ $|MC|=\sqrt{(x_0-a)^2+(y_0-b)^2}$ | 消元后的一元二次方程 | 无实数根 | 有两个相等的实数根 | 有两个不相等的实数根 | | 圆心到直线的距离d与圆的半径r的关系 | d>r | d=r | d=\frac{\vec a·\vec b}{|\vec a||\vec b|}$ 共线向量定理:对空间任意2个相邻a, b(b≠0),a//b的充要条件是存在实数λ,使a=λb -推论:点P在执行l上的充要条件是存在实数t,使$\vec{OP}=\vec{OA}+tα$①,α叫做直线l的方向向量 +推论:点P在直线l上的充要条件是存在实数t,使$\vec{OP}=\vec{OA}+tα$①,α叫做直线l的方向向量 * 在l上取$\vec{AB}=α$,则①可化为$\vec{OP}=\vec{OA}+t\vec{AB}$②,①②都是空间直线的向量表达式。由此可知,空间任一直线由空间一点及直线的方向向量唯一确定 @@ -2897,7 +2943,7 @@ $cos<\vec a,\vec b>=\frac{\vec a·\vec b}{|\vec a||\vec b|}$ ### 共面 -共勉向量:平行于同一个平面的向量 +共面向量:平行于同一个平面的向量 平面向量定理:如果两个向量a,b不共线,那么向量p与向量a,b共面的充要条件是存在唯一的有序实数对(x,y),使$p=xa+yb$ @@ -2926,7 +2972,7 @@ $cos<\vec a,\vec b>=\frac{\vec a·\vec b}{|\vec a||\vec b|}$ -* 零向量与任何项链的数量积为0 +* 零向量与任何向量的数量积为0 * $a·a=|a||a|cos=|a|^2$ * 运算律符合分配律,交换律 @@ -2952,17 +2998,42 @@ $cos<\vec a,\vec b>=\frac{\vec a·\vec b}{|\vec a||\vec b|}$ + + ## 立体几何中的向量方法 +平面的法向量:垂直平面的向量 + +> 求单位法向量:设点为(x,y,z),和平面2条直线垂直得出两组3元一次方程,得出x,y,z的数量关系,然后设某点长度为1,得出这个点,然后得出法向量长度,最后单位法向量=法向量÷法向量长度 + +> 已知点O在平面内,还有一个法向量n,求在平面内的点P: +> +> 1. 设点P为(x,y,z),表示出OP +> 2. OP和法向量n垂直:OP·n=0,得出表达式,最后把选项的点带入表达式,满足结果等于0的为符合条件的点 + + + +直线的方向向量:直线上的向量以及与之共线的向量叫做直线的方向向量 + +### 向量法证明空间中的平行和垂直 + +未整理 + +### 向量法求距离 + 未整理 +### 向量法求角度 +异面直线所成角:$cosθ=|cos<\vec{AC}, \vec{BD}>=\frac{|\vec{AC}·\vec{BD}|}{|\vec{AC}||\vec{BD}|}$,$θ∈[0,\frac π 2]$ +直线和平面所成角$sinθ=|cosφ|=\frac{|直线方向向量·平面法向量|}{|直线方向向量|·|平面法向量|}$ +二面角:未整理 # 数列 -## 简单概念 +## 简单 概念 定义:按照一定顺序排列的一组数 @@ -3443,7 +3514,7 @@ $z=\frac{y-b}{x-a}$:过点(x,y)与点(a,b)的直线的斜率 -## 基本/均值不等式:$\sqrt{ab}≤\frac{a+b}2$ +## 基本/均值不等式 ### 基本不等式 @@ -3840,15 +3911,18 @@ $|MF_1|+|MF_2|=2a(2a>|F_1F_2|)$ ### 椭圆的简单几何性质 -| 标准方程 | $\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a>b>0)$ | $\frac{y^2}{a^2}+\frac{x^2}{b^2}=1(a>b>0)$ | -| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | -| 中点:(0,0) | | | -| 顶点 | (±a,0),(0,±b) | (0,±a),(±b,0) | -| 焦点 | (±c, 0) | (0, ±c) | -| 对称轴:x轴,y轴 | | | -| 范围 | -a≤x≤a,-b≤y≤b | -a≤y≤a,-b≤x≤b | -| 离心率 | $e=\frac c a(0b>0)$ | $\frac{y^2}{a^2}+\frac{x^2}{b^2}=1(a>b>0)$ | +| -------- | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | +| 顶点 | (±a,0),(0,±b) | (0,±a),(±b,0) | +| 焦点 | (±c, 0) | (0, ±c) | +| 范围 | -a≤x≤a,-b≤y≤b | -a≤y≤a,-b≤x≤b | +| 离心率 | $e=\frac c a(0 准线:$x=±\frac{a^2}c$ > @@ -3864,6 +3938,12 @@ $|MF_1|+|MF_2|=2a(2a>|F_1F_2|)$ +### 椭圆/双曲线通径长度 + +$l=\frac{2b^2}{a}$ + + + ### 直线与椭圆的位置关系 直线与椭圆的位置关系有三种:相离,相切,相交 @@ -3884,7 +3964,7 @@ $|P_1P_2|=\sqrt{1+k^2}|x_1-x_2|=\sqrt{1+k^2}\sqrt{(x_1+x_2)^2-4x_1x_2}$, 或 $|P_1P_2|=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{k^2}}|y_1-y_2|=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{k^2}}\sqrt{(y_1+y_2)^2-4y_1y_2}$ - +$k=\frac{b^2}{a^2}\frac{x_0}{y_0}$ ## 双曲线 @@ -3931,7 +4011,13 @@ $|P_1P_2|=\sqrt{1+k^2}|x_1-x_2|=\sqrt{1+k^2}\sqrt{(x_1+x_2)^2-4x_1x_2}$, ### 等轴双曲线 -实轴和虚轴等轴的双曲线叫做等轴双曲线,标准方程为$x^2-y^2=a^2,或y^2-x^2-a^2$,其中$e=\sqrt 2$,渐近线为y=±x +实轴和虚轴等轴的双曲线叫做等轴双曲线,标准方程为$x^2-y^2=a^2,或y^2-x^2=a^2$,其中$e=\sqrt 2$,渐近线为y=±x + + + +### 渐近线斜率与e的关系 + +$k=±\frac b a=±\frac{\sqrt{c^2-a^2}}{a}=±\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a^2}-1}=±\sqrt{e^2}-1$ @@ -3961,7 +4047,7 @@ $|P_1P_2|=\sqrt{1+k^2}|x_1-x_2|=\sqrt{1+k^2}\sqrt{(x_1+x_2)^2-4x_1x_2}$, 或 $|P_1P_2|=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{k^2}}|y_1-y_2|=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{k^2}}\sqrt{(y_1+y_2)^2-4y_1y_2}$ - +$k=\frac{b^2}{a^2}\frac{x_0}{y_0}$ ## 抛物线 @@ -4291,7 +4377,7 @@ $[\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}]'=\frac{f'(x)g(x)-f(x)g'(x)}{[g(x)]^2}(g(x)≠0)$ $\xi$:读塞,克赛,希腊:xi -定积分:如果函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上连续,用分点a=x_0<... 总人数N人,M男,N-M女, +> +> 选出n人,k男,n-k女 +> +> $P(X=k)=\frac{C_M^kC_{N-M}^{n-k}}{C_N^n}$ + + + +## 二项分布及其应用 + +### 条件概率 + +A,B两个事件,P(A)>0,$P(B|A)=\frac{P(AB)}{P(A)}$(同时发生概率÷单独发生概率)为事件A发生的条件下,事件B发生的条件概率。P(B|A)读作:A发生的条件下B发生的概率 + + + +### 事件的相互独立性 + +相互独立事件:P(AB)=P(A)P(B)。如果AB相独立,那么A与$\overline B$, $\overline A$与B,$\overline A$与$\overline B$也都相互独立 + + + +独立重复试验:有放回 + +> $P("5次中3次白球")=C_5^3×(\frac 1 3)^3×(\frac 2 3)^2$ + +二项分布:X~B(n, p)(n:次数,p:每次概率) +> $P(X=k)=C_n^kp^k(1-p)^{n-k}$ +### 求概率问题的步骤 +1. 确定事件性质,古典、互斥、条件、独立 +2. 判断事件的运算,和事件,积事件,确定事件至少有一个发生,还是同时发生,分别运用相加或相乘的公式 +3. 运用公式 + + + +古典概型:$P(A)=\frac m n$ + +互斥事件:P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B) + +条件概率:$P(B|A)=\frac{P(AB)}{P(A)}$ + +独立事件:P(AB)=P(A)P(B) + + + +### 二项分布 + +在n次独立重复试验中,X表示事件A发生的次数,假设每次试验中事件A发生的概率为p,则$P(X=k)C_n^k(1-p)^{n-k}, k=0, 1, 2, ..., n$,此时称随机变量X服从二项分布,记作X~B(n, p),并称p为成功概率。 + + + +注意:仅适用于求独立重复试验中事件A恰有k次发生的概率 + + + +## 均值与方差 + +E(X):随机变量X的均值或数学期望,反映了离散型随机变量取值的平均水平 + + + +若Y=aX+b,其中a,b是常数,X是随机变量,则Y也是随机变量,且 + +E(aX+b)=aE(X)+b + +> Y=aX+b +> +> E(Y)=aE(x)+b +> +> 超几何分布:$E(X)=\frac{nM}{N}$ +> +> 二项分布:E(X)=np + + + +某一项相对于均值的偏离程度:$(x_i-E(x))^2$ + +随机变量X的方差/随机变量与其均值E(X)的平均偏离程度:$D(x)=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}(x_i-E(x))^2p_i$ (开方为标准差) + +方差性质:$Y=aX+b,D(aX+b)=a^2D(x)$ + +> 两点分布方差:D(X)=p(1-p) +> +> 二项分布X~B(n, p)方差:D(x)=np(1-p) + + + +## 正态分布 + +$f(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2π}·σ}e$ + +正态曲线:$φ_{μ, σ}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2π}·σ}e^{-\frac{(x-μ)^2}{2σ^2}}$,x属于R,μ和σ为参数,图像为正泰分布密度曲线,简称正态曲线 + +正态分布:$N(μ, σ^2)$,对称轴:x=μ;σ越小,图像越陡峭 + +标准正态曲线/分布:μ=0,σ=1,关于y轴对称 + + + +曲线与x轴之间的面积为1,x=μ处峰值$\frac{1}{σ\sqrt{2π}}$ + + + +### 3σ原则 + +对于任何实数a>0,$P(μ-a $P(μ-σ +> $P(μ-2σ +> $P(μ-3σ 直角坐标(x, y) +> +> x=pcosθ +> +> y=psinθ +> +> 转: +> +> 极坐标(p, θ) +> +> $p^2=x^2+y^2$ +> +> $tanθ=\frac y x(x≠0)$ + + + +过极点且与极轴成α角的直线: + +> θ∈(0, 2π):θ=α,θ=π+α +> +> θ∈R:θ=α + +过(a, 0)且垂直于极轴的直线:pcosθ=a + +过$(b, \frac π 2)$且平行于极轴的直线:psinθ=b + +圆心在极点,半径为r的圆:p=r + +圆心在(r, 0),半径为r的圆:p=2rcosθ + +圆心在$(r, \frac π 2)$,半径为r的圆:p=2rsinθ + + + +## 参数方程 + +平面直角坐标系中,如果曲线上任意一点坐标x,y都是某个变数t的函数,x=f(t), y=g(t),如果对于t的每一个允许值,由方程组所确定的点M(x, y)都在这条曲线上,那么方程组叫做这条曲线的参数方程,变数t叫做参数 + + + +过点M$(x_0, y_0)$,倾斜角α的直线: + +> $x=x_0+tcosα$ +> +> $y=y_0+tsinα$ +> +> t为参数 + +圆心在点M$(x_0, y_0)$,半径为R的圆: + +> $x=x_0+Rcosθ$ +> +> $y=y_0+Rsinθ$ +> +> θ为参数 + +圆心在原点,半径为R的圆: + +> x=Rcosθ +> +> y=Rsinθ +> +> θ为参数 + +椭圆$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a>b>0)$ + +> x=acosθ +> +> y=bsinθ +> +> θ为参数 + + + + + + + +# 绝对值不等式 + +ab是实数,仅当ab≥0时,|a|+|b|≥|a+b| + +abc是实数,仅当(a-b)(b-c)≥0时,|a-b|+|b-c|≥|a-c| + +$|a_1|+|a_2|+...+|a_n|≥|a_1+a_2+...+a_n$ + +$|a|+|b|≥|a+b|≥||a|-|b||$ + +$|a|+|b|≥|a-b|≥||a|-|b||$ + +柯西不等式:$(a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2)≥(ac+bd)^2$(等号成立条件:ad=bc) + + + +> 关于x的不等式|ax-2|<4解集为${x|-\frac 1 3 +> > -4 > +> > -2 > +> > a>0或a<0分类讨论,求a + +> 不等式≥a对任意实数恒成立,求取值范围:算出不等式最小值,最小值≥a成立,相当于整个成立 + +> |x-a|+|x-b|≥c(≤c)不等式解法: +> +> * 分段讨论法,取各个不等式解集的并集 +> * 几何法,找出数轴上到点$x_1=a$和$x_2=b$的距离之和≥c的点的全体 +> * 图像法,作出函数$y_1=|x-a|+|x-b|$和$y_2=c$的图像,结合图像求解 diff --git "a/\351\253\230\344\270\255\351\242\230/img/math/100.JPG" "b/\351\253\230\344\270\255\351\242\230/img/math/100.JPG" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c306652 Binary files /dev/null and "b/\351\253\230\344\270\255\351\242\230/img/math/100.JPG" differ diff --git "a/\351\253\230\344\270\255\351\242\230/img/math/101.JPG" "b/\351\253\230\344\270\255\351\242\230/img/math/101.JPG" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19c0796 Binary files /dev/null and "b/\351\253\230\344\270\255\351\242\230/img/math/101.JPG" differ diff --git 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"b/\351\253\230\344\270\255\351\242\230/\351\253\230\344\270\255\346\225\260\345\255\246\351\242\230.md" @@ -416,6 +416,223 @@ +# 直线和圆 + +## 直线 + +> ![](img/math/113.jpg) +> +> 斜率不存在,倾斜角=90° +> +> 3:k≠0 +> +> 4:可正可负 + +> ![](img/math/114.jpg) +> +> 2:化为y=kx+b可得斜率,然后求倾 斜角 + +> ![](img/math/115.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/116.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/117.jpg) +> +> (1) sin→tan→k,点斜式 +> +> (2) 截距式 +> +> (3) k不存在和存在分类讨论,然后综述 + +> ![](img/math/118.jpg) +> +> (1) +> +> 法1: +> +> 1. 列出点斜式方程,得出k<0, +> 2. 令x=0,y=0,分别表示出y,x关于k的坐标 +> 3. 求和,根据均值不等式算出最小值,得出方程 +> 4. 结合k的限制条件得出直线方程 +> +> 法2:截距式 +> +> (2) +> +> 均值 + +> ![](img/math/119.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/120.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/121.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/122.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/123.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/124.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/125.jpg) + +## 圆 + +> ![](img/math/126.jpg) +> +> 2:t>0 + +> ![](img/math/127.jpg) +> +> 将圆平分:过圆心 + +> ![](img/math/128.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/129.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/130.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/131.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/132.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/133.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/134.jpg) +> +> 消去Q点的a,组成直线方程 + +> ![](img/math/135.jpg) +> +> 1:向量方法,和r垂直,列出式子,展开,$x_0x+y_0y=x_0^2+y_0^2=r^2$ +> +> 2:内切,外切 +> +> 3:$|r_1-r_2| +> 4:$|r_1-r_2| ![](img/math/136.jpg) +> +> 切线斜率和PO的积=-1 + +> ![](img/math/137.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/138.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/139.jpg) +> +> 切点:圆心到直线的距离为r + +> ![](img/math/140.jpg) +> +> 法1:圆心和直线距离,得到<1,小于半径,所以相交 +> +> 法2:m(x-1)-(y-1)=0,直线恒过点(1,1),在圆内,所以相交 +> +> 法3:联立消元,看解的个数 + +> ![](img/math/141.jpg) +> +> **解析5少了根号** +> +> 平行于直线,则为2x+y+m=0(m≠1) +> +> 相切:圆心到直线距离为r + +> ![](img/math/142.jpg) +> +> 变形:$x^2+(y-a)^2=a^2+2$ +> +> 然后勾股定理算圆心到直线的距离,算出r,最后求面积 + +> ![](img/math/143.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/144.jpg) + + + +# 椭圆 + +> ![](img/math/145.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/146.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/147.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/148.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/149.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/150.jpg) +> +> 解析是方法2,较复杂 + +> ![](img/math/151.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/152.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/153.jpg) + + + +# 双曲线 + +> ![](img/math/154.jpg) +> +> 1:距离只差为1的绝对值 +> +> 2:mn可同正同负,同负:在y轴 + +> ![](img/math/155.jpg) +> +> 结果舍掉了-3 + +> ![](img/math/156.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/157.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/158.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/159.jpg) +> +> 或者通过等式,然后勾股定理求 + +> ![](img/math/160.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/161.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/162.jpg) + + + +# 抛物线 + +> ![](img/math/163.jpg) +> +> 1:且不过点F +> +> 2:不一定,可能是相交 +> +> 3:变形,$x^2=\frac 1 a y$,焦点在y轴 + +> ![](img/math/164.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/165.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/166.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/167.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/168.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/169.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/170.jpg) + + + + + # 立体几何 > 有公共边的正方形ABCD,ABEF,BD,AE上有M,N,DN=AN,证MN//面BCE @@ -442,9 +659,13 @@ > > > 最大面积应是$6\sqrt 2$ -![](img/math/4.jpg) +> ![](img/math/4.jpg) +> ![](img/math/97.jpg) +> ![](img/math/98.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/99.jpg) @@ -1464,6 +1685,52 @@ $asin^2α+bcos^2α=\frac{asin^2α+bcos^2α}{sin^2α+cos^2α}$ +# 空间向量 + +> ![](img/math/100.jpg) +> +> 2:只有ab反向等式才成立,同向不符合 + +> ![](img/math/101.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/102.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/103.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/104.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/105.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/106.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/107.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/108.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/109.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/110.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/111.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/112.jpg) + + + +# 二项式定理 + +> ![](img/math/180.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/181.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/182.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/183.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/184.jpg) + + + # 复数 > 已知复数z满足$(1+i)z=i^{2016}$(其中i为虚数单位),则复数$\overline z$所对应的点在第**四**象限 @@ -1478,6 +1745,76 @@ $asin^2α+bcos^2α=\frac{asin^2α+bcos^2α}{sin^2α+cos^2α}$ +# 不等式 + +> ![](img/math/71.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/72.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/73.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/74.jpg) +> +> ![](img/math/75.jpg) +> +> ![](img/math/76.jpg) +> +> + +> ![](img/math/77.jpg) +> +> 3:a<0,是空集 + +> ![](img/math/79.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/80.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/82.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/83.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/84.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/85.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/86.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/87.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/88.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/89.jpg) + +## 基本不等式 + +> ![](img/math/90.jpg) +> +> 1:x是正数最小值为2 +> +> 2:充分不必要条件。x,y同号大于等于2 +> +> 3:不是最小值,a不是定值 +> +> 4:证明:左右乘2,移项,是3个完全平方式≥0 + +> ![](img/math/91.jpg) +> +> 1:①a>0 ②a b均为正 + +> ![](img/math/92.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/93.jpg) +> +> 带入点,带入1·(a+b) + +> ![](img/math/94.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/95.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/96.jpg) + + + # 计数原理 > 圆上有10个点,两两相连,最多有多少个圆内交点? @@ -1530,6 +1867,42 @@ $asin^2α+bcos^2α=\frac{asin^2α+bcos^2α}{sin^2α+cos^2α}$ > > > > +> ![](img/math/171.jpg) +> +> 1:顺序也要相同 + +> ![](img/math/172.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/173.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/174.jpg) +> +> 2个相邻空座位捆一起 + +> ![](img/math/175.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/176.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/177.jpg) +> +> **整体均分问题** +> +> 平均分n组就要÷n! + +> ![](img/math/178.jpg) +> +> **部分均分问题** +> +> 第一步:一组2个人;另外两组1人,是平均分配,要÷2! +> +> 第二步:3组人分到3所学校 + +> ![](img/math/179.jpg) +> +> **不等分问题** + + + # 数列(数列不能用导数,不连续) @@ -1623,8 +1996,123 @@ $asin^2α+bcos^2α=\frac{asin^2α+bcos^2α}{sin^2α+cos^2α}$ +# 极坐标系 + +> ![](img/math/185.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/186.jpg) +> +> $x=pcosθ=2×cos \frac π 6 =\sqrt 3$ +> +> $y=psinθ=2sin\frac π 6=1$ +> +> $p(\sqrt 3, 1)$ +> +> y=1 + +> ![](img/math/187.jpg) +> +> p=8sinθ +> +> $p^2=8psinθ$ +> +> $x^2+y^2=8y$ +> +> $x^2+(y-4)^2=16$ +> +> 直线转为直角坐标直线:$y=\sqrt 3 x$ +> +> 最大长度=r+直线到原点(0,4)的距离 + +> ![](img/math/188.jpg) +> +> 直线:$x-\sqrt 3y-1=0$ +> +> 圆:p=2cosθ +> +> $p^2=2pcosθ$ +> +> $x^2+y^2=2x$ +> +> $(x-1)^2+y^2=1$ +> +> 圆心(1,0),带入直线满足,所以过圆心,|AB|为2 + +> ![](img/math/189.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/190.jpg) +> +> (1) 2参数方程t移到左边,都平方,然后加起来,消掉$cos^2+sin^2$,得到圆方程 + +> ![](img/math/191.jpg) +> +> (1),带入x=pcosθ, y=psinθ,化简 + + + + + +# 参数方程 + +> ![](img/math/192.jpg) +> +> 1:t≥1,限制了x≥2,定义域不是R,不是直线 +> +> 2:$x^2+y^2=9$,交点为2个 +> +> > 3 +> > +> > x=-2+tan30° +> > +> > y=1+tsin150°=1+tsin30° +> > +> > +> > +> > $x+2=t\frac{\sqrt 3}{2}$ ① +> > +> > $y-1=\frac t 2$ → $\sqrt 3 y-\sqrt 3=\frac{\sqrt 3 t}{2}$ ② +> > +> > ①-② $x-\sqrt 3y+2+\sqrt 3=0$ +> > +> > $k=\frac{\sqrt 3}{3}$ +> > +> > 30° +> +> 4:是椭圆方程,但是限制了θ范围,只表示第一象限椭圆1/4部分的曲线 + +> ![](img/math/193.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/194.jpg) +> +> 到焦点距离=到准线距离,不用点点距离公式 + +> ![](img/math/195.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/196.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/197.jpg) + +> ![](img/math/198.jpg) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - \ No newline at end of file