| 单词 | 短语 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| concern | be concerned about/for | 关心 | |
| concerned | 担心的，有关的 | ||
| concerning | 关于 | ||
| be concerned with deal with refer to |
涉及，与……有关 | This book is concerned with love. This film is concerned with dream and persverance, while many people are more concerned for the love story. |
|
| concerned (oneself) about/for | 关心... | ||
| concern oneself with sth | 从事/参与 | ||
| show/express concern for/about | 对...表示关心 | ||
| as far as I am concerned | 就我个人而言 | As fars as I an concerned, Internet will make life better. | |
| suffer | suffer from（不能用于被动语态） | 遭受；患……病 | She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. |
| suffering | 痛苦，苦难 | ||
| - | recover from | 恢复 | |
| - | belong to（不能用于被动语态） | 属于 | |
| expect | 预料；认为；期待 | ||
| expect (sb) to do/that | 期待某人做某事 | Nobody expected the strike to succeed. | |
| sb be expected to do | 某人被期望做 | ||
| recognize | 识别，认出 | ||
| recognize sb | 认出某人 | ||
| recognize sb to be/sb be recognized as/to be | 把某人认为成…… | ||
| recognize sb./sth. to be/as | 承认某人/某物... | ||
| recognition | 认出，认识 | ||
| in recognition of/for | 表彰 |
| come | come up to | 来到，达到 | |
| come across | 偶然碰到 | ||
| come about | 发生，造成（常用语疑问或否定句） | How did the accident come about? | |
| come out | 出版；发芽 | ||
| come up | 被提出 | ||
| come up with | 提出 | ||
| come to | 总计；苏醒过来 | come to oneself | |
| come on | 加油；快点 | ||
| come around | 顺便来访 | ||
| come from | 来自 | ||
| base | be based on lay in |
以……为基础 | |
| base A on B | A基于B | I base my trust on what you have done. | |
| A be based on B | A以B为基础 | ||
| at the base of | 以……为基础 | At the base of love and understanding, they get along well with each other. | |
| base sth. on sth. | 把...建立在..上 | ||
| basis (复数：bases) | 基础 | ||
| on the basis of | 以……为基础；根据... | ||
| on a part-time basis | 以……为基础 | ||
| on the basis that | 根据... | ||
| basic | 基本的 | ||
| basically | 基本上，总的来说 | ||
| use | make good/full use of make the best/most of |
||
| come into use | 开始被使用 | When did the system come into use in our firm? | |
| bring/put... into use | 使用…… | ||
| in use | 在使用中 | ||
| command | 命令，掌握 | ||
| command sb/sth | |||
| command sb. to do sth | |||
| command to do | |||
| command that+(should) do =command sb do sth |
|||
| under one's command | 在某人的命令之下 | ||
| have a good command of | 灵活掌握，掌握得好 | ||
| in command of | 指挥 | ||
| in the command of | 由...指挥（被动） | ||
| request | 请求；要求（正式/礼貌） | ||
| request sth from/of sb | |||
| request sb to do sth | |||
| in request | 要求 | ||
| at the request of at one's request |
应……的要求 | ||
| make a request for | 要求 | ||
| on request | 一经要求 | ||
| request sth. of/from sb. | 向...要求做... |
| prefer(preferred preferred) | prefer to do sth | 更喜欢做…… | I prefer not to think about it. |
| prefer sb to do sth | 更愿意某人做某事 | ||
| prefer doing A to doing B | 比起B更愿意做A | ||
| prefer to do A rather than do B | 比起B更愿意做A | ||
| prefer A to B | 与B相比更喜欢A | ||
| prefer that | 宁愿... | ||
| preference | 偏爱 | ||
| have a preference for | 更喜欢…… | ||
| in preference to | 优先于；而不是 | ||
| give (a) preference to | 给……优惠；优待 | ||
| advantage | 优势；好处 | ||
| take advantage of | 利用 | He took advantage of her good nature. | |
| have the advantage of (doing) | 有（做）...的优势 | I have the advantage of writing an essay. | |
| disadvantage | put sb at a disadvantage | 使某人处于不利地位 | |
| persuade | 说服；劝说 | ||
| persuade sb of sth | 说服某人相信某事 | He persuaded me of his works | |
| persuade sb to do sth | 说服某人做某事 | ||
| persuade sb to do sth/persuade sb into doing sth | 说服某人做某事 | ||
| persuade sb not to do sth/persuade sb out of doing sth | 说服某人不要做某事 | ||
| persuasion | 说服 | ||
| persuasive | 有说服力的 | ||
| graduate | 毕业；毕业生 | ||
| graduate from | 从...毕业 | ||
| graduate in | 毕业于...专业 | ||
| graduation | 毕业；毕业典礼 | ||
| undergraduate | 大学本科生 | ||
| postgraduate | 研究生 | ||
| stubborn | 固执的 | She can really be stubborn. 他有时真的很固执 | |
| insist | 坚持；强调 | ||
| insist on | 坚决主张，一定要 | He insist on my going with him. | |
| insist that sb (should) do sth | 表示坚持时用虚拟语气 | ||
| insist that... | 不用虚拟语气 | He insist that I was wrong. | |
| reliable | 可靠的 | ||
| rely | 依赖，依靠 | ||
| =rely on sb/onself =count on =depend on |
依靠 | ||
| encourage | encourage sb to do sth | ||
| sb be encouraged to o sth |
| judge | n/v 审判 | ||
| judging from/by | 从……来判断 | Judging from your accend, you are from Shandong. | |
| judgement | 判定，裁决 | ||
| make an judgement | 对……做出判定 | ||
| agree | 同意 | ||
| agree on | 就……达成共识 | We do not agree on this issue. | |
| agree to do sth | 同意做某事 | He didn't agree to go with me. | |
| agree with | 统一；适合；与……一致 | The climate here doesn't agree with me. | |
| I couldn't agree more =I completely agree |
我完全同意 | ||
| disagree | disagree with sb/sth | ||
| disagree (with sb.) on/about sth | |||
| agreement | 协议；同意，一致 | ||
| disagreement | 争论 | ||
| agreeable | 愉悦的；讨人喜欢的 | ||
| proud | be proud of =take pride in |
因……感到自豪 | |
| hono(u)r | n/v. 尊敬 | ||
| my honor | 我很荣幸 | ||
| honour sb sth | 尊敬某人；表扬某事 | ||
| in honour of... | 为了纪念…… | ||
| on one's honour | 以某人名誉担保 | ||
| an honour to do | 给某人荣誉/尊敬 | ||
| sb's honour to do sth | 很荣幸做某事 | ||
| - | have sb do sth | 让/请某人做某事 | |
| have sth done | 某事被做；早于；经历 | ||
| have sth to do | 有事要做（自己来做） | ||
| invite | invite sb to do sth | 邀请某人做某事 | |
| stick(stuck,stuck) | 戳，刺 | ||
| stick to n/doing | 坚持 | ||
| be stuck in | 被困在，陷入 | ||
| rescue | 营救 | ||
| rescue sb from | 把某人从……营救出来 | ||
| come to one's rescue | 营救某人 | ||
| rescuer | 救援人员 | ||
| shelter | 庇护所 | ||
| take shelter from | 躲避…… | ||
| shelter sb from | 保护某人免受……伤害 | ||
| submit | 提交 | ||
| submit an application | 递交申请 | ||
| submit sth to sb | 向……递交…… | ||
| submit to sb | 向……屈服 | ||
| mess | 困境，混乱 | ||
| mess sth up | 把……搞混 | ||
| make a mess | 制造脏乱 | ||
| in a mess | 脏乱；乱成一团 | ||
| get into a mess | 陷入困境 | ||
| messy | 凌乱的；杂乱的 | ||
| arrest | 逮捕 | ||
| arrest sb for sth | 因……逮捕某人 | ||
| be under arrest | 被拘捕 | ||
| make an arrest | 进行拘捕 | ||
| arrest one's attention | 引起某人的注意 | ||
| failure | 失败，没做到 | ||
| fail to do sth | 未能做成某事 | ||
| succeed in doing | 做成某事 | ||
| succeed to | 继承 | ||
| rise(rose risen) | |||
| fall(fell fallen) |
| offer | offer guidance to | 给……提供指导 | |
| offer sth to sb/offer sb sth | 给某人提供…… | ||
| generous | 慷慨的，大方的 | ||
| be generous with sth | 很大方 | ||
| be greatful for sth | 对……很感激 | ||
| be generous in doing sth | 做某事慷慨 | ||
| It is generous of sb to do sth | 某人做某事很大方 | Ms Black is considered a generous lady by us, for she often helps the poor she met with. | |
| degree | n. 程度 n. 学位 n. 度 |
||
| reward | 酬劳，赏金等物质报酬 | ||
| as a reward for | 作为对...的报酬 | ||
| in reward (for ...) | 作为（对...)的报酬 | ||
| reward sb for (doing) sth | 因某事酬谢某人 | ||
| reward sb with sth | 某物酬谢某人 | ||
| proud | be proud of | 以……为骄傲 | |
| take pride in | 以……为荣 | ||
| behave | v.行为 | ||
| behave oneself | 乖，注意某人的言行 | ||
| behave as a child | 行为像个孩子 | ||
| behave well/badly | 表现好/不好 | ||
| behavior | n.行为 | ||
| fuss | 大惊小怪，慌乱 | ||
| fuss up | 过分打扮，小题大做 | ||
| fuss up and down | 忙得团团转 | ||
| shade | 阴凉处。遮住光线 | ||
| in the shade | 在阴凉处 | ||
| put sb/sth in the shade | 使……黯然失色 | ||
| observe | 观察 | ||
| observer | 观察者 | ||
| observation | 观察 |
| select | |||
| select...as... | 挑选……作为…… | ||
| select sb to do sth | 挑选某人做某事 | ||
| select...from... | 从……中挑选出…… | ||
| decorate | 装饰，装修 | ||
| decorate...with | 用……装饰 | ||
| be decorated with... | 装饰着/点缀着…… | ||
| decorate A with B | 用B装饰A | ||
| decoration | 装饰；装饰品 | ||
| decorator | 装饰工人 | ||
| design | v. 设计，构思 n. 设计，方案 |
||
| be designed to do sth | 目的是做某事 | ||
| be designed for | 为……设计 | ||
| make designs for | 为……做设计 | ||
| in design | 在设计上 | ||
| designer | 设计者 | ||
| furniture | 家具 | ||
| a piece of furniture | 一件家具 | ||
| object | 目标；反对 | ||
| object to sb/sth | 反对…… | ||
| object to (sb) doing sth | 反对（某人）做某事 | ||
| remove | |||
| remove sth from... | 从...移走... | ||
| be removed from | 被免职 | ||
| remove... to | 把...移到... | ||
| apart | take them apart | adv，分离地，分别地. | |
| apart from | 除……之外还有 | ||
| take apart | 拆卸，拆开 | ||
| tell/know A and B apart | 辨认A与B | ||
| tear/pull apart | 摧毁某物 | ||
| stand apart | 分开站立 | ||
| fall apart | 崩溃，土崩瓦解 | ||
| live apart | 分开住 | ||
| come apart | 四分五裂，崩溃 | ||
| trial | 审判，审讯，试验 | ||
| in a trail | 在审判中 | ||
| evidence | 根据，证据，证明 | ||
| in evidence | 显眼的 | ||
| give/show/bear evidence of | 提供证据/有...的迹象 | ||
| evidence of/for | ……的证据 | ||
| evident | 明白的，明显的 | ||
| It is obvious/apparent/evident that | 显而易见的是…… | ||
| evidently | 明显；显然地 | ||
| care | 关心；小心 | ||
| concern | 关心 | ||
| concern for/about/at | |||
| be concerned with | 跟……有关系 | ||
| prove | 证明 | ||
| proof | 证据，证明 | ||
| proven | 被证明的，已证实的 | ||
| prove your self to sb | 展示，展现 | ||
| prove yourself sth/to be sth | 向人证明自己 |
| magic | 魔法 | ||
| magical | have a magical power | 具有魔力 | |
| come on a magical journey | 做了一次魔幻旅行 | ||
| regular | 规则的，定期的，平常的 | ||
| irregular | 无规则的，不定期的 | ||
| regularly | 定期的 | ||
| regulation | 规则；常客 | ||
| stand | stand for | 代表，象征 容忍，忍受 支持，主张 |
|
| stand by | 袖手旁观；站在……一边 | ||
| stand out | 显眼；引人注目；突出 | ||
| stand up for | 支持，维护 | ||
| stand up to | 对抗 | ||
| stand on one's own feet support oneself |
自立 | ||
| stand back | 退后 | ||
| slave | 奴隶 | ||
| olive | 橄榄树，橄榄叶 | ||
| replace | replace sb sth ？ | ||
| take the place of | 取代，代替 | ||
| replace sb/sth by... | 用...替换某人/物 | ||
| allow | allow sb in/out | 允许某人进入/出去 | |
| allow sb to do sth | 允许某人做某事 | ||
| be allow to do sth | 被允许做某事 | ||
| allow (his, sb's) doing sth | 允许做某事 | We don't allow your smoking here | |
| glory | 光荣，荣誉 | ||
| win glory for | 为……赢得荣誉 | ||
| glorious | 光荣的，辉煌的 | ||
| bargain | 讨价还价，讲条件；便宜货 | ||
| bargain with sb about/over for sth | 和某人就某事讨价还价 | ||
| make a bargain with sb | 和某人达成协议 | ||
| a good/bad bargain | 买的划算/不划算 | ||
| hopeless | 绝望的 | ||
| hopeful | 有希望的 | ||
| mind | 精神，意见 介意，照顾 |
||
| change one's mind | |||
| make up one's mind | 下定决心 | ||
| keep sth in mind | 记住某事 | ||
| bring/call sth to mind | 回想起某事 | ||
| promise | promise to do | 答应做某事 | |
| charge | 费用，收费，控告，负责 | ||
| free of charge | 免费 | ||
| charge for | 收费 | ||
| charge sb for sth | 因某事向某人收费 | ||
| charge sb with (doing) sth | 指控某人（做了）某事 | ||
| in charge (of) | 负责，主管，表示主动 | ||
| in the charge of | 由……管理，表示被动 | ||
| deserve | 应得，应受，不能用于进行时 | ||
| deserve attention/sympathy | 值得注意/同情 | ||
| deserve blame | 应受惩罚 | ||
| deserve doing =be worth doing |
值得被做 | ||
| deserve to do sth | 值得... | ||
| get what you deserve | 罪有应得 | ||
| deserve doing=deserve to be done | 值得... | ||
| flock | 一群 | ||
| in the flock | 在群体中 |
| calculate | calculate for =be fit for |
适合于 | |
| calculate on =look forward to |
期待，指望 |
||
| calculate by thousand | 数以千计 | ||
| simplify | 简化 | ||
| complicate | 使复杂化 | ||
| simple | 简单的 | ||
| complicated | 复杂的 | ||
| simplicity | 简易性 | ||
| complexity | 复杂性 | ||
| reality | 现实 | ||
| accept/become reality | 承认/成为现实 | ||
| out of touch with reality | 脱离现实 | ||
| with reality | 真实的，逼真的 | ||
| bring... back to reality | 使……面对现实，不再抱幻想 | ||
| in reality | 事实上 | ||
| realize | 实现；理解 | ||
| realistic | 现实的 | ||
| go | go by | 逝去，过去 | |
| go against | 与……相悖，违反 | ||
| go ahead | 走在前面，发生 | ||
| go away | 走开，离开 | ||
| go down | 倒下，落下 | ||
| go through | 通过，仔细检查 | ||
| apply | 申请，适用 | ||
| apply for sth | 申请，请求 | ||
| apply to sth/sb | 适用/应用于某物/某人 | ||
| apply sth to... | 把……运用于…… | ||
| apply oneself to sth/to doing sth | 致力于……，集中精力做某事 | ||
| apply (to sb) for sth | (向某人)申请某物 | ||
| reliable | 可靠的；可信的 | ||
| reliable boots | 耐穿的靴子 | ||
| reliable figures/witness | 可靠的数字/证人 | ||
| reliability | 可靠性 | ||
| reliably | 可靠地；可信赖地 | ||
| make | make up | 组成，化妆，编造 | |
| make up of =consist of |
构造（+of，并用被动形式） | ||
| make sense make no sense |
讲得通，有意义 讲不通 |
||
| make (good/full) use of | （充分）利用 | ||
| apply | vi. 申请，vt.应用 | ||
| apply for | 申请 | ||
| apply to | 应用，适用 | ||
| apply oneself to... | 致力于 | ||
| apply the theory to practice | 把理论应用于实践 | ||
| application | 应用，申请 | ||
| applicant | 申请人 | ||
| figure | n. 体型，身材，数字 v. 计算，想想，认为 |
||
| have/keep a good figure | 拥有/保持好身材 | ||
| figure out | 理解，计算出 | ||
| figure sb to be | 料想某人是 | ||
| figure in | 包括，算进 | ||
| figure on =count on |
期待，指望 | ||
| a key/leading figure | 显要人物 | ||
| keep/watch your figure | 保持身材 | ||
| temporary | 暂时的；临时的 | ||
| contemporary | 当代的；同时代的 | ||
| choke | 噎住；窒息 | ||
| choke back/down | 抑制 | ||
| choke off | 制止；阻止 | ||
| barrier | 屏障；障碍物 | ||
| break down barriers | 消除隔阂/障碍 | ||
| poison | 毒药。毒害 | ||
| poison... to death | 毒死…… | ||
| poison the friendship of... | 破坏……的友谊 | ||
| poison one's mind | 毒害某人的思想 | ||
| variety | 变化；多样性 | ||
| a variety of=varieties | 许多的；大量的 | ||
| various | 各种各样的 | ||
| squeeze | 榨；挤；压榨 | ||
| squeeze out | 榨出；挤出 | ||
| squeeze through | 挤过去 | ||
| squeeze into | 挤入；塞进 | ||
| squeeze out of | 从……挤出；榨出 | ||
| squeeze one's way | 勉强通过；挤过 | ||
| vital | 至关重要的；生死攸关的 | ||
| be vital to/for | ……是极其重要的 | ||
| pour | 倒；灌 | ||
| pour cold water on/over | 对……泼冷水 | ||
| pour oil on the flames/fire | 火上浇油 | ||
| pour down | 流下；（雨）倾盆而下 | ||
| pour in/into | 流入；涌进 | ||
| pour out | 涌出；倒出 | ||
| tight | 牢的；紧密的 | ||
| hold tight to the rope | 紧紧抓着绳子 | ||
| the windows tightly closed | 紧紧关闭的窗户 |
| decrease | 减少，降低 | ||
| increase | 增加，升高 | ||
| on the increase/decrease | 在增加/减少 | ||
| increase/decrease to | 增加/减少到 | ||
| increase/decrease by | 增加/减少了 | ||
| die | die out | 灭亡；逐渐消失 | |
| die away | 逐渐平息，减弱 | ||
| die off | 相继死去，先后枯死 | ||
| die down | 减弱 | ||
| die away | 变弱，消失 | ||
| be dying for =be eager for |
渴望得到 | ||
| be dying to do | 很想要做某事 | ||
| die from | 因……而死（外因） | ||
| die of | 因……而死（内因） | ||
| die a ...death | 死得…… | ||
| relief | 救济，减轻，安慰，解脱 | ||
| in relief | 如释重负，松了口气 | ||
| on relief | 接收救济的 | ||
| with relief | 宽慰地 | ||
| to one's relief | 令人感到欣慰的是 | ||
| find relief from | 从……摆脱出来 | ||
| give sb (some) relief | 减轻某人的痛苦 | ||
| burst | burst into cheers/tears | ||
| burst in | 闯入 | ||
| burst forth | 突发 | ||
| burst out | 突然……起来 | ||
| burst on | 突然出现 | ||
| burst at | 胀裂 | ||
| contain | 含有……成分 | ||
| include | 包含 | ||
| effect | n 影响，效果 | ||
| affect | =have an effect on | v 影响，感染 | |
| affect sb | |||
| be affected by =have an effect |
受……影响 | ||
| be affected with | 患上……病 | ||
| affect sb to tears | 把某人感动流泪 | ||
| affecting | 令人感动的 | ||
| affection | 喜爱，钟爱 | ||
| affected | 受影响的；做作的 | ||
| mercy | 仁慈，宽容，怜悯 | ||
| show mercy to =show sb mercy |
同情某人 | ||
| show mercy to=have mercy on | 怜悯某人 | ||
| beg for mercy | 乞求宽恕 | ||
| at the mercy of | 任由……处置；受...的控制 | ||
| without mercy | 残忍地 | ||
| mercyful | 仁慈的 | ||
| merciless | 不仁慈的 | ||
| protect | protect... from/against | 保护……免受…… | |
| keep/stop/prevent from doing sth | 阻止某人做某事 | ||
| defend... from/against | 保卫……以抵御 | ||
| inspect | 检查，视察；调查，研究 | ||
| inspection | 检查，视察 | ||
| inspector | 景观，督察员 | ||
| suspect | 怀疑；嫌疑犯 | ||
| suspect sb of (doing) sth | 怀疑某人（做）某事 | ||
| suspect sb to do/be | 怀疑某人做/是 | ||
| respect | 尊敬 | ||
| respect sb for (doing) sth | 因……尊敬某人 | ||
| respect sb=show/have respect for sb | 尊敬某人 | ||
| with respect | 尊敬地 | ||
| out of respect | 出于尊重 | ||
| aspect | 样子，外貌 | ||
| expect | 期望，盼望 | ||
| prospect | 展望，前景 | ||
| perspective | 透视，远景 | ||
| sure | for sure =for certain |
无疑地，确定地 | |
| make sure of/about | 查明，确保 | ||
| be sure to do | 肯定做某事 | ||
| be sure of doing | 有把握做某事 | ||
| as sure as | 不容置疑地 | ||
| seem | It seems that =sb/sth seem to do |
强调事实情况（to be可省略） | |
| engage | 吸引，参加，订婚 | ||
| marry | marry sb =get married to sb |
和某人结婚 | |
| be married to sb | 和某人结婚（强调状态，比如结婚很多年了） | ||
| marriage | 结婚；状态 | ||
| married | 已婚的，婚姻的 | ||
| involve | 包含，陷入，牵涉 | ||
| be involved in | 卷入，陷入 | ||
| involve in the conflict | 卷入纠纷 | ||
| involve in trouble | 使某人陷入麻烦 | ||
| involve into | 陷入 | ||
| involve with | 牵连，涉及 | ||
| involve sth/doing sth | 包括…… | ||
| loss | 丢失，损失 | ||
| make a loss | 亏损 | ||
| at a loss | 亏损；不知所措 | ||
| loss of life | 丧生 | ||
| heavy losses | 重大的损失 | ||
| a grate loss to | 对...是一个巨大的损失 | ||
| reserve | 保护区；预定 | ||
| reserve sth for sb/sth | 为...预留... | ||
| without reserve | 毫无保留地 | ||
| reserve the right to do sth. | 保留做某事的权利 | ||
| reservation | 预定 | ||
| reserved | 内向的；矜持的 |
| dream | dream about dream of doing sth |
梦见，设想 | |
| dream (sth) away | 虚度光阴 | ||
| dream on | 痴心妄想 | ||
| dream sth up | 凭空想出，构思出 | ||
| dream to do | 梦想做，渴望做 | ||
| have a dream that... | 有个……的梦想 | ||
| go to one's dreams | 进入梦乡，入睡 | ||
| make/dream a dream | 做个梦 | ||
| pretend | pretend to do | 假装做某事 | |
| pretend to be doing sth | 假装正在做某事 | ||
| pretend to have done | 假装做完某事 | ||
| pretend to be/as | 假装是 | ||
| attach | v. 贴上，固定 n. 附件，依恋 |
||
| attach...to...(sth/n/doing) | 附上，连接 | ||
| attach importance/value/meaning/weight to | 认为有重要性/有价值/有意义/有分量 | ||
| attach great importance/value/significance to | 重视 | ||
| attach oneself | 依附；依恋 | ||
| attached | 依恋的，附属的 | ||
| passer(s)-by | 行人 | ||
| earn | 赚，挣钱 | ||
| earn money/make money | |||
| earn one's respect/reuptation | 赢得某人的尊敬/名誉 | ||
| earn sb sth | 使某人赢得…… | ||
| earn one's living =make a living |
谋生 | ||
| earn one's respect | 赢的某人的尊敬 | ||
| earning | 收入，工资 | ||
| break | break up | 解散，打碎 | |
| break up with | 和……分手 | ||
| break away (from) | 脱离，摆脱 | ||
| break down | 出故障，和解，崩溃 | ||
| break in | 闯入 | ||
| break out | 突然发生，爆发 | ||
| break into | 突然闯入，突然……起来 | ||
| break through | 突破，克服 | ||
| break off | 打断，折断 | ||
| sort | sort out | 分类，整理 | |
| sort out sth from | 从……中把……辨别出来 | ||
| sort...into... | 把……分成 | ||
| sort...by... | 按……把……分类 | ||
| sort of kind of |
有点儿，稍微 | ||
| sort through | 查找 | ||
| all sorts of... | 各种各样的 | ||
| brief | 简短的，简洁的 概要，短文 |
||
| in brief | 简言之，粗略地 | ||
| to be brief | 简而言之 | ||
| in short | 简而言之 | ||
| in detail | 详细地 | ||
| in a word | 总而言之，简言之 | ||
| briefly | 短暂地 | ||
| briefly speaking | 简洁地说 | ||
| confident | 确信的 知己 |
||
| be confident in sth | 对……有信心 | ||
| be confident about/of (doing) sth | 对（做）……有把握 | ||
| be confident that... | 确信…… | ||
| confidence | 信心，信任 | ||
| confidential | 秘密的，信任的 | ||
| perform | v. 执行，表演 | ||
| perform one's promise/duty | 履行诺言/职责 | ||
| perform an operation/a play | 进行手术/演一场戏 | ||
| perform an experiment | 做一个实验 | ||
| perform the role of | 扮演……角色 | ||
| perform in | 在...演出 | ||
| perform well/badly | 表现得好/坏 | ||
| perform one's duty/promise | 尽职责；履行诺言 | ||
| performance | n. 表演，表现 | ||
| put on/give a performance | 表演 | ||
| performer | 执行者，演奏者 | ||
| sense | 感觉，意识 感到 |
||
| sensitive | 敏感的，灵敏的（可用于物） | ||
| be sensitive to | 对...敏感 | ||
| sensitivity | 敏感，灵敏（可用于物） | ||
| sensible | 明智的 | ||
| sensibility | 情绪，敏感性，感性 | ||
| extraordinary | 非凡的，特别的 | ||
| suppose | 假定，猜想 | ||
| We're supposed to feel that wa. | 我们理所当然这样想 | ||
| I suppose so./I suppose not. | |||
| be supposed to do sth | 应该做某事 | ||
| remind | 提醒 | ||
| remind about | 提醒…… | ||
| remind sb of his promise | 提醒某人不忘诺言 | ||
| remind sb of (doing) sth | 提醒某人（做）某事；使某人想起某事 | ||
| remind sb to do sth | 提醒某人做某事 | ||
| fight | fight with/against | ||
| matter | 事情，问题 v. 有重大关系，很重要 |
||
| as a matter of fact | 事实上 | ||
| a matter of time | 迟早，时间问题 | ||
| a matter of life and death | 生死攸关 | ||
| What's the matter with...? | 怎么了？ | ||
| appreciate | 欣赏，感激 | ||
| appreciate+n | |||
| appreciate sb doing sth | I would appreciate you(r) taking care of my baby. | ||
| succeed in doingappreciate sb's doing sth | 感激某人做了…… | ||
| I would appreciate it if... | |||
| appreciation | 欣赏；感谢 | ||
| in appreciation | 为了感谢 | ||
| appreciative | 感激的 | ||
| abandon | 丢弃，抛弃； n. 放纵 |
||
| abandon doing sth | 放弃做某事 | ||
| abandon oneself to... | 沉迷于 | ||
| abandon one's post/hope/idea/plan | 放弃职位/希望/计划等 | ||
| abandoned | 被遗弃的 | ||
| afford | 买得起 提供 |
||
| afford to do | 付得起做某事 | ||
| defend | 保护，保卫 | ||
| protect A from/against B | 保护A免受B | ||
| defend A from/against B | 保护A抵御B | ||
| addict | 沉迷;入迷的人 | ||
| - | be divided into | 被划分成 | |
| not... any more | 不再 | ||
| out of date | 过时 | ||
| consist of | 由……组成 | ||
| compared with | 与……相比 | ||
| be impressed with | 留下深刻印象 | ||
| reference | n. 引用，参考 | ||
| refer | v. 引用，参考 | ||
| refer to | 指的是 查阅，参考 涉及到 |
||
| description | 描述 | ||
| comprehension | 理解 | ||
| relationship | 关系 | ||
| desert | 沙漠 | ||
| soil | 土壤 | ||
| camel | 骆驼 | ||
| eagle | 鹰 | ||
| diamond | 钻石 | ||
| seaside | 海边 | ||
| harbour | 港口 | ||
| hometown | 家乡 | ||
| suburb | 郊区 | ||
| architecture | 建筑 | ||
| neighbourhood | 邻居 | ||
| attractive | 吸引人的 | ||
| gorgeous | 美丽的 | ||
| fascinating | 迷人的 | ||
| frighten | 使吃惊 | ||
| starve | starve to death | 饿死 | |
| bother | 打扰 | ||
| nuisance | 令人讨厌的人或事 | ||
| survive | 生存 | ||
| survive on | 靠……活下来 | ||
| breakdown | 故障 | ||
| crash | 崩溃 | ||
| network | 网络 | ||
| design | 设计 | ||
| invention | 发明 | ||
| source | 来源 | ||
| document | 文件 | ||
| permission | 许可 | ||
| disadvantage | 缺点 | ||
| diet | 饮食，节食 | ||
| be on diet | 节食 | ||
| a balanced diet | 均衡的饮食 | ||
| fat | 胖，脂肪 | ||
| overweight | 超重 | ||
| toothache | 牙疼 | ||
| rarely | 极少地 | ||
| pain | 疼痛 | ||
| ease/relieve pain | 缓解疼痛 | ||
| in pain | 痛苦地 | ||
| symptom | 症状 | ||
| lifestyle | 生活方式 | ||
| normal | 正常的 | ||
| cancer | 癌症 | ||
| addict | 上瘾 | ||
| reduce | 减少 | ||
| reduce...to | 减小/降低到…… | ||
| reduce...by | 减少了…… | ||
| criminal | 罪犯 | ||
| connection | 联系 | ||
| have connections with | 和……有关系 | ||
| in connection with | 和……有关 | ||
| illegal | 违法的 | ||
| ratio | 比率 | ||
| horrible | 可怕的 | ||
| recognize | 认出，认识 | ||
| distraction | 分心 |
| starve | 饿死 | ||
| starve to death | 饿死 | ||
| starve for sth desire/long for |
渴望得到 | ||
| dress | dress up | 打扮，穿上 | |
| dress sb in +颜色/衣服 | 给某人穿上…… | ||
| sb be dressed in+颜色/衣服 | 某人穿着…… | ||
| get dressed | 穿衣 | ||
| trick | 欺骗；恶作剧 | ||
| play a trick on=play tricks on sb | 捉弄某人 | ||
| trick sb into (doing) sth | 骗某人做某事 | ||
| trick sb. out of sth | 骗某人某物 | ||
| award | 奖品；授予，奖励 | ||
| award sb for sth | 因某事奖励某人 | ||
| award sb with sth | 用某物奖赏某人 | ||
| award sb sth=award sth to sb | 授予某人某物 | ||
| be awarded for | 因为...被授奖 | ||
| win/receive/get an award for | 因...获奖 | ||
| reward | 酬劳，赏金 | ||
| energetic | 精力充沛的，积极的 | ||
| energy | 能量 | ||
| to | be/get used to doing | 习惯于做某事 | |
| be/get accustomed to doing | 习惯于做某事 | ||
| devote oneself to doing | 致力于做某事 | ||
| be limited to doing | 局限于 | ||
| be dedicated to doing | 全身心做某事 | ||
| get to doing | 开始做 | ||
| lead to doing | 导致做 | ||
| stick to doing | 坚持做 | ||
| custom | 风俗习惯 | ||
| the custom of doing sth | 做...的风俗 | ||
| customs | 海关 | ||
| customs duties | 关税 | ||
| customer | 顾客；消费者 | ||
| permission | 许可，允许 | ||
| ask sb's permission | 征求...的同意 | ||
| ask sb for permission to do sth | 征得某人的许可做某事 | ||
| without permission | 未经许可 | ||
| get/obtain one's permission | 获得许可 | ||
| give/grant sb permission | 允许/批准某人做某事 | ||
| permit | 许可，允许 | ||
| permit sb to do sth | 允许某人做某事 | ||
| permit doing sth | 允许做某事 | ||
| weather permitting (不需要if) | 天气允许的话 | ||
| allow | 允许 | ||
| admit | 承认，容许进入 | ||
| admit doing sth | 承认做某事 | ||
| be admitted as | 被接受为一员 | ||
| turn | turn up | 出现，调高，发生，发现 | |
| turn on/off | 打开/关闭 | ||
| turn down | 调低，拒绝 | ||
| turn out | 结果是，生产，出动 | ||
| turn out to be | 结果是…… | ||
| turn in | 上交，归还 | ||
| turn over | 把……翻过来，翻阅，移交，反复考虑 | ||
| turn into | 变成，进入 | ||
| turn away | 避开，解雇，走开 | ||
| turn round | 转身 | ||
| take turns to do sth | 轮流做某事 | ||
| gain | 获得 | ||
| gain on | 赶上；追上 | ||
| gain by/from | 从...获得 | ||
| independence | 独立；自主 | ||
| achieve/win independence | 获得独立 | ||
| declare/proclaim independence | 宣布独立 | ||
| apologize | 道歉 | ||
| apologize to sb for (doing) sth | 因...向...道歉 | ||
| apology | n. 道歉 | ||
| make/offer an apology to sb for (doing) sth | 因...向...道歉 | ||
| owe sb an apology=owe an apology to sb | 欠某人一个道歉 | ||
| weep(wept wept) | 哭泣；流泪 |
| lie | 谎言；撒谎 躺，位于 放置，下蛋 |
|
| lie | lied,lied,lying | 撒谎 |
| lay,lain,lying | 躺，位于 | |
| laid,laid,laying | 放置，下蛋 | |
| a white lie | 善意的谎言 | |
| lie to sb | 对某人说谎 | |
| tell a lie/tell lies | 对某人说谎 | |
| discount | 打折，折扣 | |
| at a discount | 打折，减价 | |
| offer/give a discount | 提供折扣 | |
| a 10% discount/a discount of 10% | 打9折 | |
| a discount of | ...的折扣 | |
| strong | 强壮的 | |
| strength | 力量，长处，强项 | |
| have the strength to do sth | 有力气做某事 | |
| build up one's strength | 增强体力 | |
| in strength | 大批地，大量地 | |
| strengths and weaknesses | 优点和缺点 | |
| strengthen | 增强，加深 | |
| debt | 负债 | |
| in debt | 负债 | |
| out of debt | 不欠债 | |
| pay off (all the) debts | 还清（所有）债务 | |
| get/fall/run into debt | 负债 | |
| glare | glared at | 瞪着，怒目而视 |
| glance | 看一眼，一瞥 | |
| stare | 长时间盯着（粗鲁无礼的） | |
| upset(upset;upset) | 弄翻 不快的，心烦意乱的 |
|
| be upset about sth | 因某事心烦 | |
| be upset with sb | 生某人的气 | |
| upset sb | 使……心烦 | |
| be upset at/ about/over sth./doing sth | 为/做……心烦 | |
| limit | 限制，限定 限度 |
|
| limit...to... | 把……限制在 | |
| set a limit to/on sth | 设定对某事的限度 | |
| without limit | 无限地 | |
| beyond/over the limit | 超过限度 | |
| within limits | 适度地；有限度的 | |
| limited | 有限的，不多的 | |
| be limited to | 局限于 | |
| limitless | 无限的 | |
| benefit | 有利于 利益，好处 |
|
| benefit from/by | 得益于…… | |
| for the benefit of sb=for sb's benefit | 为了……的利益 | |
| be of great benefit (to) | 大有益处 | |
| beneficial | 有益的；受益的 | |
| combine | 联合，结合 | |
| combine A with B | 把A和B组合 | |
| combination | 结合；联合 | |
| combined | 联合的 | |
| provide | provide sb with sth =provide sth for sb |
给某人提供某物 |
| serve | 服务，任职，提供（饭菜） | |
| serve sb | 招待某人，为某人你服务 | |
| serve sb with sth =serve sth to sb |
供给某人事物 | |
| serve as... | 当……（指职业） | |
| at sb's service | 愿为某人效劳 | |
| cut | cut down | 砍伐 削减，降低 |
| cut up | 切碎，使伤心 | |
| cut through | 开辟通道 | |
| cut in | 打断（谈话），插嘴 | |
| cut out=stop functioning | 不再起作用，停止运转 | |
| cut off | 切断，使隔离 | |
| consult | 咨询；请教 | |
| consult sb about sth | 向某人咨询某事 | |
| consult with sb about sth | 与某人商量某事 | |
| consult about sth | 商量某事 | |
| consultant | 顾问 | |
| digest | 消化；n. 摘要 | |
| digestion | 消化 | |
| digestive | 消化的 | |
| spy | 监视，间谍；侦探 | |
| spy on | 监视 | |
| spy out | 查明，了解清楚 |
| balance | 平衡 使……平衡 |
||
| keep/lose one's balance | 保持/失去平衡 | ||
| balance on one foot | 单脚保持平衡 | ||
| diet | 饮食；节食 | ||
| go/be on a diet | 节食 | ||
| slim | 苗条的（thin：太瘦，缺乏美感） vi. 减肥 |
||
| sign | 标记；符号 | ||
| show no/little/every/many sign(s) of | 显示...的迹象 | ||
| warning/danger sign | 警示；危险警告 | ||
| give a sign | 向...做手势 | ||
| sign an autograph | 签名 | ||
| sign sth with sb | 与...签署... | ||
| sigh | 叹气；叹息 | ||
| curiosity | 好奇心 | ||
| show curiosity about | 对某事表现出好奇心 | ||
| out of curiosity | 出于好奇 | ||
| have curiosity to do sth | 有做某事的好奇心 | ||
| with curiosity | 好奇地 | ||
| satisfy one's curiosity | 满足某人的好奇心 |
| scene | 场面，景色 | ||
| behind the scene | 在后台；秘密地 | ||
| on the scene=on the spot | 出现，到场 | ||
| spot | 斑点，污点 发现，认出 |
||
| a spot of paint | 一滴油漆 | ||
| on the spot | 在现场 | ||
| in a spot | 陷入困境 | ||
| spot sb/sth doing | 发现...正在... | ||
| to spotted with | 被点缀 | ||
| spotted | 有斑点的 | ||
| spotless | 干净的，一尘不染的 | ||
| account | 理由，计算 说明，计算，认为 |
||
| account for | ……的原因；解释 | ||
| on account of | 由于，因为 | ||
| on no account | 绝不 | On no account must you tell him about our plans. | |
| take sth into account=take account of | 考虑到…… | ||
| open a bank account | 开一个银行账户 | ||
| contrary | 相反的，对立的 相反 |
||
| on the contrary | 与此相反 | ||
| to the contrary | 相反的 | ||
| be contrary to... | 与……相反 | ||
| contrary to | 与...相反 | ||
| order | 点的菜，命令 订购，次序 |
||
| take one's order | 请某人点菜，听某人吩咐 | ||
| in order | 状况良好，有条不紊 | ||
| in order of sth | 按……排序 | ||
| out of order | 不整齐，状况不佳 | ||
| on order | 订购中，定制中 | ||
| in order than.../in order to | 为了，以便 | ||
| order sb to do sth | 命令某人做某事 | ||
| pay | pay a bill | 付账单 | |
| pay for sth | 支付费用 | ||
| pay back | 偿还 | ||
| pay off | 还清，取得成功 | ||
| regret | 后悔，遗憾 | ||
| I regret to say/tell you/inform you that... | 很遗憾地告诉你 | ||
| regret doing/having done | 后悔做某事 | ||
| regret to do sth | 对做某事表示遗憾（未发生） | ||
| with (great/deep) regret | （非常）遗憾地 | ||
| to one's regret | 令人遗憾的是…… | ||
| give/send one's regrets to | 向……表达遗憾 | ||
| focus | 焦点，聚集 | ||
| focus sth on | 集中……于 | ||
| bring/throw sth into focus | 使某物成为关注的焦点 | ||
| in focus | 清晰的;对准焦点的 | ||
| out of focus | 焦点未对准 |
| astronomy | 天文学 | ||
| atmosphere | 大气 气氛，氛围 |
||
| the atmosphere | 大气 | ||
| a comfortable/pleasant atmosphere | 一个舒服的气氛 | ||
| dissolve | 溶解 | ||
| dissolve sth into sth | 溶入，溶解，融化成 | ||
| presence | 存在，出席 | ||
| in the presence of sb =in sb's presence |
当着某人的面 | ||
| present | 出席的，在场的 | ||
| allow | allow doing sth | 允许做某事 | |
| allow sb to do sth | 允许某人做某事 | ||
| multiply | 繁殖，乘，迅速增加 | ||
| multiply 2 and 4 together you get 8 | |||
| multicultural | 多元文化的 | ||
| multinational | 跨国的，多民族的 | ||
| encourage | 鼓励 激励 |
||
| encourage sb to do sth | 鼓励某人做某事 | ||
| encouraging | 令人鼓舞的 | ||
| encouragement | 鼓舞，鼓励 | ||
| courage | 勇气 | ||
| discourage | 使泄气 | ||
| exist | 存在，生存 | ||
| exist on | 靠……生存 | ||
| exist in | 存在于...中 | ||
| existence | 存在 | ||
| existent | 存在的，实际的 | ||
| remain | 保持，依然 | ||
| remain a beginner | 依然是一个开始 | ||
| remain silent | 保持沉默 | ||
| remain standing | 保持站着 | ||
| remain untouched | 保持不变 | ||
| remain to be seen | 拭目以待 | ||
| thus | 因此，这样 | ||
| turn | in one's turn | 轮到某人 | |
| in turn | 依次，反之，反过来 | ||
| by turns | 轮流，交替地 | ||
| take turns to do sth/in doing sth | 轮到某人做某事 | ||
| It's one's turn to do sth | 轮到某人做某事 | ||
| depend | 依靠，依赖 | ||
| depend on | 信任，依赖 取决于 |
||
| count on =rely on sb |
信任，依赖某人 | ||
| It all depends. | 看情况 | ||
| force | 力，暴力，兵力 强迫 |
||
| put... into force | 使……生效 | ||
| come into force | 生效，实施 | ||
| force sb to do sth/into doing sth | 强迫某人做某事 | ||
| force the door open | 强行打开门 | ||
| pull | 拉，拖 | ||
| pull in | （车）进站；吸引 | ||
| pull on | 穿上 | ||
| pull off | 脱下 | ||
| pull out | （车）出站 | ||
| pull over | 路边停车 | ||
| pull away | 脱身，逃出 | ||
| pull down | 拆毁，拆除 | ||
| pull through | 恢复健康 | ||
| pull up | 停车（靠边） | ||
| cheer | 激励，鼓舞 | ||
| cheer sb on | 给某人加油鼓劲 | ||
| Cheer up! | 打起精神来！振作起来 | ||
| Cherrs! | 干杯 |
| measure | 估计，测量 | ||
| measure A by B | 用B衡量A | ||
| take sb's measure | 测量某人的尺寸，判断某人的能力 | ||
| take measures to do sth | 采取措施做某事 | ||
| measure out | 量出；配出 | ||
| make a suit to sb's measure | 给某人量身定做一套衣服 | ||
| aboard | 登上（船，飞机） | ||
| all aboard | 该上船了 | ||
| get/go/climb aboard | 上船 | ||
| Welcome aboard! | 欢迎乘坐本船！ | ||
| board | 木板，甲板 | ||
| on board | 在船上 | ||
| abroad | 在国外 | ||
| at/go abroad | 在/去国外 | ||
| broad | 宽阔的，广阔的 | ||
| settle | 定居，处理 | ||
| settle in a new country | 在一个新国家定居/安顿下来 | ||
| settle a quarrel/an argument | 解决争论 | ||
| settle down | 定居，安顿下来 | ||
| settle down to (doing) sth | 专心于/开始注意某事物 | ||
| settle on | 决定，选定 | ||
| settle up | 结账，了结 | ||
| settle for sth | 勉强接受 | ||
| settlement | 定居；解决 | ||
| reach/achieve a settlement | 达成协议 | ||
| peaceful settlement | 和平解决 | ||
| gift | have a gift for | 对……有天赋 | |
| gifted | 有天赋的，有才华的 | ||
| be gifted with | 有……天赋 | ||
| confirm | 批准，证实 | ||
| be confirmed as | 被批准担任…… | ||
| confirm ones fears/suspicions | 证实某人的担心/怀疑 | ||
| confirm sb in one's belief/view/determination | 肯定某人的信仰/看法/决心 | ||
| distant | 遥远的，冷漠的 | ||
| distance | 距离，远方 | ||
| in the distance | 在远处 | ||
| at/from a distance of... | 保持……远的距离 | ||
| keep sb at a distance | 与别人保持距离 | ||
| keep one's distance from sb/sth | 与……保持距离 | ||
| a distance of+数词 | 一段……的距离 | ||
| approximately | =about | 大约，大概 about/approximately 位于数词前面；or so位于数词后面 |
|
| approximate | 大约的；近似的 | ||
| impress | 使印象深刻，使铭记 | ||
| impress sb with sth sb be impressed with sth |
以……给某人留下印象 | ||
| impress sb by/with sth=sb be impressed by/with sth | 某物给某人留下深刻印象 | ||
| impress sth on sb | 使某人意识到…… | ||
| impressive | 印象深刻的，感人的 | ||
| tradition | 传统；风俗 | ||
| break with tradition | 打破传统 | ||
| by tradition | 根据传统 | ||
| It is a tradition to do sth | 做……是一个传统 | ||
| terrify | 使恐怖；恐吓 | ||
| by terrified at/by/with | 被……吓一跳 | ||
| be terrified of sth=be afraid of sth | 害怕某事 | ||
| be terrified out of | 被……吓得魂不附体 | ||
| terrible | 可怕的 | ||
| terror | 恐惧；害怕 | ||
| terrifying | 使人害怕的 | ||
| terrified | 恐惧的；受惊吓的 |
| achievement | 成就，成绩 | ||
| sense of achievement | 成就感 | ||
| achieve | 获得，实现 | ||
| move | 移动，改变 | ||
| move away | 搬走 | ||
| move away from | 离开/抛弃 | ||
| move on | 继续 | ||
| movement | 活动，运动 | ||
| concern | 关心，担忧 n. 关心，忧虑 |
||
| concern oneself with/in/about sth | 关心…… | ||
| be concerned about/for | 关心，忧虑 | ||
| be concerned with | 与……有关，涉及…… | ||
| as...be concerned | 关于……，就……而言 | ||
| devote | devote oneself to | 致力于…… | |
| devote to doing | 致力于做…… | ||
| worth | 值……的 价值，财产 |
||
| be worth doing | |||
| worthy | 值得的，有价值的 | ||
| worthy of sth | |||
| worthy of being done | |||
| worthy to be done | |||
| worthwhile | 重要的，有价值的，值得的 | ||
| It is worthwhile to do sth | |||
| inspire | 激励，激发 | ||
| inspire sb to do sth | 激励某人做某事 | ||
| insprie sb with sth | 用……激励某人 | ||
| inspire sth in sb | 激起某人…… | ||
| inspiring | 鼓舞人心的 | ||
| inspired | 受到鼓舞的 | ||
| inspiration | 灵感，启发 | ||
| permit | 允许 | ||
| permit sb to do sth | |||
| support | 支持，养活 | ||
| support sb's opinion | 支持某人的想法 | ||
| support oneself | 自力更生 | ||
| support one's family | 养家糊口 | ||
| in support of | 支持 | ||
| give support to | 支持/支援某人 | ||
| by | by chance | 偶然地 | |
| by accident | 偶然，意外地 | ||
| by force | 用暴力 | ||
| by hand | 用手 | ||
| by nature | 天生的 | ||
| by day | 在白天 | ||
| by mistake | 由于差错 | ||
| by now | 至今 | ||
| by coincidence | 巧合；碰巧 | ||
| by design/on purpose | 故意地 | ||
| come | come across | 偶然碰到 | |
| come about | 发生，造成（常用语疑问或否定句） | ||
| come out | 出版，发芽，太阳升起 | ||
| come up | 被提出 | ||
| come up with | 提出 | ||
| come to | 总计 | ||
| come to oneself | 苏醒过来 | ||
| come on | 加油，快点 | ||
| come around | 顺便来访 | ||
| cut | cut off | 切断，中断 | |
| cut up | 切碎 | ||
| care | care about | 关心 在乎，在意 |
|
| care for | 关心 照料，尊重 |
||
| take care look out |
小心，注意 | ||
| take care to do sth | 注意做某事 | ||
| take care of look after |
照料，处理 | ||
| take... into care | 代为照顾 | ||
| for all I care | 与我无关，不要紧 | ||
| intend | 打算，想要 | ||
| intend doing sth=intend to do sth | 打算做某事 | ||
| intend (sb) to do sth | 打算（让某人）做某事 | ||
| had intended to do sth | 本打算做某事 | ||
| be intended for sb | 打算给某人 | ||
| be intended as... | 打算作为 | ||
| be intended to do sth | 打算做某事 | ||
| intention | 意图；打算 | ||
| have intention to do sth | 有做某事的打算 | ||
| with the intention of doing sth | 打算做某事 | ||
| carry | carry on with n/doing | 继续，继续下去 | |
| carry out | 搬出，实施，执行 | ||
| carry through | 顺利完成，渡过难关 | ||
| carry... about | 随身携带 | ||
| carry away | 拿走，冲走 |
| struggle | 挣扎，搏斗，努力 | ||
| struggle for | 为……斗争 | ||
| struggle against/with | 和……斗争 | ||
| struggle for/to do sth | 为……斗争；努力做某事 | ||
| with/without a struggle | 经过努力；未经努力 | ||
| struggle to one's feet | 挣扎着站起来 | ||
| a life and death struggle | 生死搏斗 | ||
| struggle to do sth | 努力做某事 | ||
| rid(rid,rid) | 摆脱；除去 rid不能说rid sb sth。应该写成rid sb of sth |
||
| rid A of B | 把B从A中除去 | ||
| get rid of | 摆脱，扔掉 | ||
| hunger | 饥饿；欲望。使……饥饿 | ||
| have a hunger for/after sth | 渴望…… | ||
| have a hunger to do sth | 渴望做…… | ||
| hungry | 饥饿的 | ||
| anger | 生气 | ||
| angry | 生气的 | ||
| expand | 使变大；伸展 | ||
| expand by | 增长了…… | ||
| expand to | 增长到 | ||
| expand into | 扩展成 | ||
| expand on | 详细描述/阐明 | ||
| expanse | 广阔；宽广 | ||
| expansion | 扩大；扩张 | ||
| expansive | 广阔的；广泛的 | ||
| circulate | 循环；流转 | ||
| circulate sth to sb | 把……发给 | ||
| curculate the air | 使空气循环 | ||
| circulate a rumor | 传播谣言 | ||
| circulated | 流通的 | ||
| circular | 循环的，圆形的；n. 通知，传单 | ||
| battle | 战役；战斗。搏斗；奋斗 | ||
| free | 免费的，自由的 | ||
| keep... free from/of | 使……免受影响；使……不含（有害物） | ||
| freedom | 自由；自主 | ||
| freedom to do | 做……的自由 | ||
| freedom of speech/thought/expression | 言论/思想/表达自由 | ||
| free and easy | 随便；自由自在 | ||
| for free/free of charge | 免费 | ||
| wise | 明智的 | ||
| wisdom | 智慧 |
| content | 满意的 使满意 内容 |
||
| be content with | 对……满足 | ||
| be content to do sth | 满意做某事 | ||
| be content that | 满意…… | ||
| content oneself/sb with sth | 满足于某事 | ||
| with content | 满足地 | ||
| content and form | 内容和形式 | ||
| full content | 完全满意 | ||
| convince | 说服 | ||
| convince sb of sth | 说服某人某事 | ||
| convince sb to do sth | 说服某人做某事 | ||
| convince that... | 使某人信服 | ||
| sb be convinced to do/of.../that... | 被说服…… | ||
| convinced | 坚信不疑的 | ||
| convincing | 令人信服的 | ||
| convincible | 可被说服的 | ||
| match | 比赛，竞争 匹配，相似 |
||
| be no match for | 比不上，不是……的对手 | ||
| best match | 最佳匹配 | ||
| find/meet one's match | 遇到对手，棋逢对手 | ||
| treat | 治疗；对待。款待 | ||
| treat sb for sth | 给某人治病 | ||
| treat sb with sth | 用……治疗某人 | ||
| treat sb/sth like/as | 把……看做 | ||
| treat oneself to | 尽情享受 | ||
| treat...as... | 把……当做……对待 | ||
| treatment | 治疗 | ||
| request | request sb to do sth | 要求某人做某事 | |
| request that sb (should) do sth | 要求某人做某事 | ||
| make a request | 发出请求 | ||
| at the request of sb =at sb's request |
依照某人的要求 | ||
| astonish | 使惊诧 | ||
| be astonished by/at sth | 对某事感到惊讶 | ||
| be astonished to do sth | 惊讶地做某事 | ||
| astonishing | 令人感到惊讶的 | ||
| astonished | 惊讶的 | ||
| astonishment | 惊讶 |
| represent | 代表，描写，说明 | ||
| present | 现在的，出席的 | ||
| approach | =get close to | 走进，靠近 n. 途径，方法 |
|
| at the approach for | 在……快到的时候 | ||
| be approaching (to) | 与……差不多，大致相等 | ||
| make an approach to | 对……进行探讨 | ||
| approach to | 接近，近似 | ||
| approach to sth/doing sth | 解决……的方法 | ||
| avoid | 避免 | ||
| avoid doing sth | 避免做某事 | ||
| particular | 特别的，单独的，挑剔的 | ||
| be particular about/over | 讲究，挑剔 | ||
| be particular to | 为……所特有 | ||
| in particular | 尤其，特别 | ||
| particularly | 特别地 | ||
| defend | 保护，防御 | ||
| defend against/from | 防御；保卫……免受…… | ||
| defend oneself | 自卫 | ||
| defend sb in court | 在法庭上为某人辩护 | ||
| defense | n. 保卫，防护 | ||
| means | 手段，方法，财产 意思是 |
||
| by all means | 没问题，一定 | ||
| by any means | 用一切可能的方法 | ||
| by means of | 通过，借助于 | ||
| by no means on no account |
绝不，一点也不 | ||
| by this means in this way |
用这种方法 | ||
| by what means | 怎样 | ||
| turn | turn to | 向……求助 | |
| turn in | 上交 | ||
| turn on/off | 打开/关闭 | ||
| turn up/down | 调高/低 | ||
| turn up | 出现 | ||
| turn down | 拒绝 | ||
| turn away | 解雇 | ||
| turned one's back to sb | 拒绝，背叛某人 | ||
| take turns to do sth | 轮流做某事 | ||
| turn over | 翻转；打翻 | ||
| turn out | 结果是 |
| expose | 揭露，揭发 | ||
| expose sb/sth to... | 使……暴露于/接触到…… | ||
| be exposed to | 暴露于，置身于 | ||
| absorb | 吸收，吸引 | ||
| absorb...into... | 把……吸收入…… | ||
| absorb...from... | 从……中吸收…… | ||
| be absorbed in | 专心于 | ||
| absorb oneself in | 全神贯注于…… | ||
| absorb one's attention | 吸引某人的注意力 | ||
| blame | 责备 n. 责任，过失 |
||
| sb be to blame (for sth) | 对……负有责任，应受惩罚 | ||
| blame sb for (doing) sth | 因（做）某事而责备…… | ||
| blame sth on sb | 把某事归咎到…… | ||
| instruct | 命令，指示，教导 | ||
| instruct sb in (doing) sth | 在某方面指导某人 | ||
| instruct sb to do sth | 命令/指导某人做某事 | ||
| instruction | 说明书，指南，命令 | ||
| give sb instructions to do sth | 命令某人做某事 | ||
| follow one's instructions | 听从某人的指示 | ||
| instructive | 说明性的，有益的 | ||
| instructor | 辅导员；讲师 | ||
| seem | seem to do | 看起来似乎要做…… | |
| seem to be doing | 看起来正在做 | ||
| seem to have done | 看起来完成了 | ||
| backward | 向后的，相反的 | ||
| backward(s) and forward(s) | 来来回回的 | ||
| bend/lean over backwards to do sth =make a great effort |
尽力 | ||
| forward | 向前的 | ||
| suggest | 暗示，表明（不用虚拟语气 | ||
| spin(spun,spun) | v/n. 旋转 n. 兜风 |
||
| enthusiastic | 热心的，热情的 | ||
| be enthusiastic about sth | 对某事很热衷，热爱 | ||
| be crazy/nuts about sb/sth | 对某事很狂热 | ||
| enthusiasm | 热心，热情 | ||
| enthusiast | 热衷于……的人，爱好者 | ||
| enthusiastically | 热情地，热烈地 | ||
| cautious | 小心的，谨慎的 | ||
| be catious about/of (doing) sth | 对（做）某事小心谨慎 | ||
| be catious not to do sth | 小心不要做某事 | ||
| caution | 谨慎，小心 | ||
| cautionary | 劝告的，告诫的 | ||
| cautiously | 谨慎地，小心地 | ||
| lead | 导致；造成 | ||
| lead to doing | 导致，造成 | ||
| lead sb to do sth | 让某人做某事 | ||
| lead sb to...(a place) | 带某人去…… | ||
| lead up to | 是导致……的原因 | ||
| lead a... life | 过着……的生活 | ||
| recall | n. 回忆 回想起 |
||
| individual | 个人的 | ||
| collective | 集体的 | ||
| ambition | 野心 | ||
| an ambition of being/doing sth | 有……的报复 | ||
| ambitious | 有雄心的 | ||
| be ambitious for | 适合于…… | ||
| be ambitious to do sth | 一心想做某事 |
| clarify | 澄清，弄明白，净化 | ||
| clarify one's position/stand | 阐明某人的立场 | ||
| clarify matters | 澄明真相 | ||
| clarified | 纯净的 | ||
| clarified water | 纯净水 | ||
| clarification | n. 澄清，阐明 | ||
| accomplish | 完成；实现 | ||
| accomplish one's aim/a task | 达到目的/完成任务 | ||
| accomplished | 熟练的 | ||
| accomplishment | 成就；技能 | ||
| conflict | 矛盾，冲突 | ||
| conflict over sth | 在某事上的矛盾/冲突 | ||
| conflict between A and B | |||
| in conflict (with...) | （与……）处于矛盾之中 | ||
| come into conflict (with...) | （与……）发生矛盾 | ||
| conflict of interest(s) | 利益冲突 | ||
| unwilling | 不愿意的 | ||
| willing | 愿意的 | ||
| be (un)willing to do sth | （不）乐意做某事 | ||
| currency | 货币 | ||
| institution | n. 体系，制度，建立 | ||
| credit | 信任，学分，赞扬 | ||
| to one's credit | 值得赞扬 | ||
| do sb ccredit =do credit to sb |
使某人得到赞扬；为某人带来荣誉 | ||
| on credit | 记账，分期付款 | ||
| convenience | 方便，便利 | ||
| at one's convenience | 在某人方便的时候 | ||
| for convenience | 为了方便 | ||
| for one's convenience=for the convenience of sb | 为了某人的方便 | ||
| convenient | 方便的，就近的 | ||
| be convenient to/for sb | 对某人来说方便 | ||
| It is convenient (for sb) to do sth | 做某事（对某人来说）方便/合适 | ||
| divide | 分配，分开 | ||
| divide into | 把……分成几部分 | ||
| divide...from... | 把……和……分开 | ||
| be divided in | 在……方面有分歧 | ||
| division | 划分，分界线 | ||
| attract | 吸引 | ||
| attract sb to sth | 吸引某人到某事上 | ||
| attract one's attention | 引起某人的注意 | ||
| attraction | n. 名胜，吸引 | ||
| have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb | 具有……吸引力 | ||
| attractive | 吸引人的，有魅力的 | ||
| consist | 组成，构成 | ||
| consist of= be made up of be composed of |
由……组成 不能用于被动语态，没有进行时 |
||
| consist with | 与……一致，相符 | ||
| consist in=lie in | 在于 | ||
| consist with | 与……一致 | ||
| consistent | 一致的，坚持的 | ||
| be consistent with | 与……一致 | ||
| be consitent in | 在……方面一致 | ||
| consistence | 一致性 | ||
| leave(left,left) | 遗漏，离开，留下 | ||
| leave out | 省去，遗漏 不理会，忽视 |
||
| arrange | 安排，排列 | ||
| arrange for sth | 安排某事 | ||
| arrange sth for sb | 为某人安排某事 | ||
| arrange (for sb) to do sth | 安排（某人）做某事 | ||
| arrangement | 安排，筹备 | ||
| make arrangements for | 为……安排 | ||
| delight | 高兴 使高兴 |
||
| take great delight in (doing) sth | 以（做）某事为乐 | ||
| delight sb with sth | 用……使某人高兴 | ||
| delight in (doing) sth | 以……为乐 | ||
| delighted | 高兴的 | ||
| be delighted at/with/by | 因……高兴 | ||
| be delighted to do sth | 做……感到高兴 | ||
| delightful | 令人高兴的 | ||
| outnumber | 数量多于 | ||
| commoner | 平民，自费学生 | ||
| favor | 较喜欢，赞成 | ||
| in favor of | 支持，赞成 | ||
| out of favor | 失宠；不再受欢迎 | ||
| in one's favor | 对某人有利 | ||
| do sb a favor/do a favor for sb | 帮某人忙 | ||
| ask a favor of sb | 找某人帮忙 | ||
| owe sb a favor | 欠某人一个人情 | ||
| condemn | 谴责，宣判 | ||
| condemn sb/sth for/as | 因某事谴责…… | ||
| condemn sb to | 判处某人某种刑罚 | ||
| condemn sb to sth/to do sth | 迫使某人接受…… |
| impression | 印象，感想 | |
| first impression | 第一印象 | |
| have/get the impression that | 认为，觉得 | |
| get a good/bad impression of sb/sth | 对……印象（不）好 | |
| leave/make a(an) ... impression that | 给某人留下……印象 | |
| be under the impression that... | 感觉…… | |
| impress | 使印象深刻，使铭记 | |
| impress sb with | 给……留下……印象 | |
| impress sth on sb | 使某人铭记某事 | |
| be impressed with/by/at | 对……印象深刻 | |
| impressive | 给人深刻印象的 | |
| similar | 相似的 | |
| be similar to | 与……相似 | |
| surround | 环绕，围住 | |
| be surrounded by/with | 由……围着 | |
| surround... with... | 用……包围 | |
| surroundings | 周围的事物；环境 | |
| surrounding | 周围的，附近的 | |
| tolerate | 忍受 | |
| tolerate (sb) doing | 忍受（某人）做…… | |
| tolerance | n. 容忍，耐力 | |
| tolerant | 宽容的 | |
| be tolerant of/towards | 对……宽容 | |
| lack | 缺少，不足 | |
| be lack of sth | 缺少…… | |
| be lacking in =be short of |
缺少…… | |
| press | v. 按，压 v. 按，压，报刊（the -) |
|
| press sb to do/into (doing) sth | 催促某人做某事 | |
| press for sth | 不断要求 | |
| press sth on sb | 勉强某人接收 | |
| press ahead/forward | 拥挤向前；继续努力 | |
| press down | 把……按下去 | |
| press in/into | 把……压进 | |
| pressure | 压力 | |
| sight | 视力，景象；看见 | |
| lost sight of | 看不到…… | |
| catch sight of | 看到…… | |
| at the sight of | 看见……时 | |
| at first sight | 初次看到时 | |
| in/within sight | 在视野内，看得见 | |
| out of sight | 在看不见的地方，消失 | |
| lose one's sight | 失明 | |
| know sb by sight | 只知其人；面熟 | |
| sweep | 打扫 | |
| sweep away | 清除，摧毁 | |
| sweep aside =put aside |
放到一边，不予理会 | |
| sweep across | 略过 | |
| sweep over | 扫过，席卷 | |
| instant | 瞬间，片刻 紧迫的，立刻的 |
|
| in an instant =immediately |
立刻 | |
| the moment/minute/second+从句 instantly/immediately directly +从句 |
||
| greedy | 贪吃的，贪婪的 | |
| be greedy for | 对……贪婪 | |
| be greedy/eager to do sth | 渴望做某事 | |
| swallow | 吞下，吞没 | |
| swallow sb/sth up | 吞并，耗尽 | |
| swallow down | 抑制 | |
| swallow up | 咽下；吞没 | |
| persuade | 说服 | |
| persuade sb (not) to do sth | ||
| persuade sb into doing sth | 说服某人做某事 | |
| persuade sb out of doing sth | 说服某人不做某事 | |
| fasten | 系牢；扎牢 | |
| fasten sth to sth | 把……系在……上 | |
| fasten sth with sth | 用……拴…… | |
| fasten one's eyes on... | 注视…… | |
| fasten up | 系；拴 | |
| fasten one's mind/attention on sb/sth | 注意力集中在…… | |
| flash | 闪光；闪现 | |
| in/like a flash/quick as flash | 闪电似的 | |
| a flash in the pan | 昙花一现 | |
| a flash of inspiration/insight/brilliance | 突然理解/顿悟 | |
| flash through/into | 突然闪现 | |
| switch | 开关。转换 | |
| switch on | 打开 | |
| switch off | 关上 | |
| switch to | 转到…… | |
| optimistic | 乐观（主义）的 | |
| be optimistic about | 对……乐观 | |
| optimism | 乐观主义 | |
| optimist | 乐观主义者 |
| eager | be eager to do sth | 渴望做某事 |
| be eager for sth | 渴望…… | |
| assist | 帮助，援助 | |
| assist sb with/in sth | 帮助某人做某事 | |
| assist sb to do sth | 帮助某人做某事 | |
| assist sb in doing sth | 帮助某人做某事 | |
| assistance | n. 帮助，援助 | |
| give assistance to sb | 给某人帮助 | |
| with the assistance of | 在……的帮助下 | |
| assistant | 助手，助理 | |
| acquire | 获得，取得 | |
| acquire a taste for sth | 开始喜欢…… | |
| acquire a (good) knowledge | 得到……知识 | |
| acquire the habit of doing sth | 养成做某事的习惯 | |
| discover | 发现，揭露 | |
| assess | 评估，评定 | |
| access sth at + money | 估算某物为多少钱 | |
| assess sth/sb (as sth/sb) | 评定为…… | |
| have/get/obtain/gain access to | 拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入 | |
| give access to | 准许进入或使用 | |
| assessor | 估价员 | |
| assessment | 评价，评定 | |
| make an assessment of | ||
| accessible | 可接近的 | |
| be accessible to | 可接近的 | |
| inform | 通知 | |
| inform sb of/about sth | 通知某人某事 | |
| keep sb informed of sth | 随时告知某人情况 | |
| information | 信息 | |
| accuse | 指责，控告 | |
| accuse sb of (doing) sth | 指责某人（做了）某事 | |
| dilemma | 困境，进退两难 | |
| demand | 要求，需要 | |
| demand to do sth | 要求做某事 | |
| demand sth of/from sb | 想某人要求做某事 | |
| demand that sb (should) do sth | ||
| in great demand | 急需 | |
| meet/satisfy one's demand | 满足某人的要求 | |
| There are demands for sb to do sth. | 有让某人做某事的需求 | |
| on demand | 一经要求 | |
| approve | 赞成，认可，批准 | |
| approve of sth | 赞成，同意 | |
| approve of sb/sb's doing sth | 赞成某人做某事 | |
| approval | n. 赞成，批准 | |
| process | 加工，处理 过程，步骤 |
|
| in the process of doing sth | 在做某事的过程中 | |
| ahead | 向前；提前 | |
| ahead of | 在……前面；早于；领先，超过 | |
| ahead of time/schedule | 提前 | |
| ahead of one's time | 跑在时代的牵头 | |
| go ahead | 前进 | |
| get ahead | 领先 | |
| killer | 杀手，致死（不同语境有不同意思） | |
| It's a killer story | 这是个爆炸新闻 | |
| meanwhile | 同时；其间 | |
| in the mainwhile=in the maintime | 与此同时 | |
| publish | 出版；发表 | |
| publisher | 出版商；发行者 | |
| publishing house | 出版社 | |
| thorough | 彻底的；详尽的 | |
| accurate | 精确的；正确的 | |
| accuracy | 准确；精确 | |
| accurately | 精确地 | |
| senior | 年长的；高年级的 | |
| be senior to | 比……高/年长 | |
| junior | 年小的；地位低的 | |
| be junior to | 比……资历浅/年龄小 | |
| inferior | 低等的，次要的 | |
| polish | 擦亮；磨光 | |
| polish off | 吃完；干完 | |
| polish up | 擦亮；改善 |
| aid | 帮助，援助 | |
| first aid | 急救 | |
| in aid of | 支持 | |
| with the aid of | 借助……的帮助 | |
| aid sb with sth | 在某方面帮助某人 | |
| aid sb in (doing) sth | 帮助某人做某事 | |
| essential | 本质的，必要的 必需品，要素 |
|
| essential to/for | 对……是紧要的 | |
| It is/was essential that sb (should) do sth | ||
| stick | stick to | 坚持，遵守，附着在……上 |
| stick to one's guns | 固执己见 | |
| stick to one's last | 做自己分内的事 | |
| stick to one's colors | 坚持自己的观点 | |
| present | 现在的 礼物 颁发，赠送 |
|
| present sth to sb | 授予/赠送某人某物 | |
| present sb with sth | 授予/赠送某人某物 | |
| at present | 目前，现在 | |
| for the present | 暂时，暂且 | |
| be present at | 出席，到场 | |
| be absent from | 缺席…… | |
| ceremony | 典例，仪式 | |
| scream | 尖叫 尖叫声 |
|
| scream at sb | 向某人喊 | |
| screamingly | 及其，十足 | |
| when | be doing... when | 正在做……这时 |
| had done... when | 刚做了……这时 | |
| be about to do... when | 刚要做……这时 | |
| be on the point of doing...when | 刚要做……这时 | |
| stab | 刺，刺伤 | |
| doubt | 怀疑 | |
| in doubt | 怀疑，拿不定主意 | |
| no/without/beyond doubt | 无疑，当然 | |
| make no doubt of | 对……毫不怀疑 | |
| throw/cast doubt on | 使人对……产生怀疑 | |
| difference | make a difference | 有差别，有影响 |
| make a difference between...and... | 区别对待 | |
| make some/no difference | 对……有/没有影响 | |
| make all the difference | 关系重大，大不相同 | |
| downright | 完全的，彻底的 | |
| jolly | 愉快的 | |
| joy | 开心，快乐 | |
| joyful | 开心的 |
| faith | 信仰，信念 | |
| lose faith in | 不再信任，失去信心 | |
| be faithful to sb/sth | 忠实于…… | |
| have faith in sb/sth | 对……有信心 | |
| keep/break faith with sb | 对……守信/失信 | |
| lose one's faith | 失去信仰 | |
| in good faith | 真诚；诚心诚意 | |
| faithfully | 忠诚地 | |
| faithful | 忠诚的 | |
| be faithful to | 对……忠诚 | |
| consequently | 所以，因此 | |
| typical | 典型的 | |
| be typical of sth | 是……的典型 | |
| It is typical of sb to do sth | 某人一向做某事 | |
| representative | 有代表性的 | |
| possess | 控制，拥有 | |
| be possessed of sth | 具有 | |
| be possessed with/by | 被……控制 | |
| possession | 加s表示财产 具有，拥有，着迷 |
|
| in possession of sth | 占有…… | |
| in the possession of sb | 为……占有 | |
| take possession of | 占有，拥有 | |
| come into possession of | 继承…… | |
| get possession of | 拿到，占有 | |
| controversial | 有争议的 | |
| specific | 确切的，明确的 | |
| be specific to | 对……来说是特有的 | |
| aggressive | 好斗的，有进取心的 | |
| flesh | 肉体 | |
| in the flesh | 本人，亲自 | |
| the flesh | 肉体 | |
| appeal | 呼吁，申诉 | |
| appeal to | 吸引某人 | |
| appeal for | 呼吁 | |
| win an appeal | 上诉获胜 | |
| reputation | 名声，名誉 | |
| reputation by one's publications | 以著作成名 | |
| have a reputation for | 有……的名声 | |
| reputation for courage/honestly | 以勇气/诚实闻名 | |
| have a good/bad reputation | 名声好/坏 | |
| live up to one's reputation | 不负盛名；名副其实 | |
| establish one's reputation | 确立某人的声誉 | |
| permanent | 永久的；持久的 | |
| abstract | 抽象的；深奥的。摘要 | |
| in the abstract | 抽象地 | |
| abstract... from... | 从……中提取 | |
| aim | 目标；目的。瞄准 | |
| aim to do sth | 打算做某事 | |
| achieve one's aim | 达到目的 | |
| be aimed at | 旨在；目的在于 | |
| miss one's aim | 没达到目的 | |
| without aim | 漫无目的的 | |
| with the aim of | 以……为目标 | |
| adopt | 采用；采纳；收养 | |
| adpoted | 被收养的 | |
| adoption | 采用；收养 | |
| possess | 拥有；具有 | |
| be possessed of | 具有…… | |
| be possessed by/with | 被……缠住 | |
| possession | 拥有；个人财产 | |
| in possession of | 占有；拥有 | |
| in the possession of | 被拥有 | |
| coincidence | 巧合 | |
| be coincidence | 巧合地 | |
| attempt | 努力；尝试 | |
| attempt doing sth=attempt to do sth | 试图做某事 | |
| make an attempt to do sth/at doing sth | 尝试做某事 | |
| at the first attempt | 第一次尝试 |
| convey | 传达，表达 | |
| convey sth to sb | ||
| convey sth/sb to some place | ||
| convey one's feelings thanks to sb |
向某人表达感情 | |
| flexible | 灵活的 | |
| flexibility | 灵活性；弹性 | |
| inflexible | 不灵活的；无弹性的 | |
| particular | 特别大的，独有的 | |
| be particular about/over | 对……讲究，挑剔 | |
| particularly | =in particular | 尤其，特别 |
| appropriate | 合适的，恰当的 | |
| be appropriate for/to | 合适…… | |
| It is appropriate for sb to do sth | ||
| It is appropriate (that)... | ……是合适的 | |
| exchange | 交换 交流 |
|
| in exchange for | 作为……的交换 | |
| exchange A for B | 用A交换B | |
| exchange sth with sb | 与某人交换…… | |
| have/make an exchange of | 交换…… | |
| exchange rate | 汇率 | |
| exchange greetings | 互相打招呼 | |
| exchange information | 交流信息 | |
| blank | 空白，空格 | |
| go blank | 脑子一片空白 | |
| a blank look/expression/face | 茫然的眼神；表情；面孔 | |
| fill in the blank | 填入空白处 | |
| hold | hold on | 等一下，继续，别挂断 |
| hold back | 阻止，隐瞒 | |
| hold up | 举起，耽误 | |
| hold out | 伸出 | |
| darkness | 黑暗 | |
| in the darkness | 在黑暗中 | |
| in the dark | 秘密的，全然不知 | |
| let | let go | 放手，释放 |
| let sb/sth alone | 对……放任不管，置之不理 | |
| let down | 放下来，使某人失望 | |
| let in | 允许进入，许可 | |
| tear(tore, torn) | 眼泪 撕破 |
|
| tear out | 撕下 | |
| tear up | 撕碎 | |
| tear down | 拆毁 | |
| tear sth open | 把……撕开 | |
| tear sth to (into) pieces | 把……撕成碎片 | |
| burst into tears | 突然哭起来 | |
| moved to tears | 感动到流泪 | |
| split | 裂开 缝隙 |
|
| split up | 裂开，分散 | |
| split into | 分成 | |
| split on | 在……上产生分歧 | |
| split with sb | 与某人均分 | |
| split the bill | AA制 |
| due | 预定，适当的，到期的 应有的权利，应得的，应交款 |
|
| due to | 原因，因为 | |
| addict | 上瘾的人，成瘾者 使沉溺，上瘾 |
|
| become/be addicted to | 对……迷恋，上瘾 | |
| addict oneself to sth | 沉迷于某事 | |
| a drug addict | 瘾君子 | |
| a soap opera addict | 连续剧迷 | |
| addicted | 入迷的；上瘾的 | |
| be/become/get addicted to | 对……上瘾 | |
| addiction | 入迷，嗜好 | |
| addictive | 上瘾的 | |
| desperate | 绝望的 | |
| be desperate at | 因……绝望 | |
| be desperate for | 极想…… | |
| be desperate to do sth | 渴望做某事 | |
| in desperate need of | 迫切需要 | |
| desperately | 绝望地 | |
| desperation | 绝望 | |
| - | It is up to sb to do sth | 应由某人做某事 |
| develop | 发展 逐渐形成，培养 感染 |
|
| survive | 幸存，生存 | |
| sb survive sb (by) | 某人比某人活得长（几年） | |
| survive from sth | 从……中存活下来，流传下来 | |
| survive sth | 幸免于难，经历过…… | |
| sure | make sure of/about | 查明，确保 |
| make sure that | ||
| be sure to do | 肯定做某事 | |
| be sure of doing | 有把握做某事 | |
| be sure that | ||
| for sure | 肯定地，确切地 | |
| as sure as | 不容置疑的 | |
| statement | 声明，陈述，表明 | |
| official statement | 正式声明 | |
| make a statement | 声明 | |
| issue a statement | 发表声明 | |
| state | 国家，州，状态 | |
| reach a state of | 达到……状态 | |
| state of disorder | 混乱状态 | |
| prejudice | 偏见，歧视 | |
| arouse/excite prejudice | 引起/激起偏见 | |
| break down prejudice | 消除偏见 | |
| have prejudice against | 对……有偏见 | |
| prejudice sb against | 使某人对……产生偏见 | |
| strong prejudice | 非常偏爱 | |
| with/without prejudice (to sb/sth) | （不）带偏见 | |
| to the prejudice | 不利于；有损于 | |
| prejudiced | 有偏见的 | |
| judgement | 判断，评判，意见 | |
| judgemental | 审判的 | |
| judge | 审判，评判 n. 法官，裁判 |
|
| judge sb/sth | ||
| judge from/by | 从……来判断 | |
| judge it (to be) ... | 认为……是…… | |
| embarrass | 窘迫，局促不安 | |
| be embarrassed at/with/by | 对……感到为难 | |
| be embassassed in economy | 经济困难 | |
| embarrass sb/sth by | 因……窘迫 | |
| embarrass sb/sth with sth | 难住 | |
| embarrassed | 尴尬的 | |
| be/feel embarrassed at/about | 对……感到尴尬 | |
| be/feel embarrassed to do sth | 对做某事感到尴尬 | |
| awkward | 笨拙的，尴尬的 | |
| awkward at/in | 在……笨拙 | |
| awkward with | 与……一起感到尴尬 | |
| awkward position | 尴尬的处境 | |
| awkward posture | 不雅的姿势 | |
| awkward excuse | 拙劣的接口 | |
| awkwardly | 尴尬地 | |
| awkwardness | 笨拙；难为情 | |
| - | send out | 发送 |
| send sth to sb | 使某人来到 | |
| send sb down | （大学）开除…… | |
| send for sb | 要求将某物送到 | |
| send for a doctor | 请医生来 | |
| send sb up | 取笑/模仿某人 | |
| boost | 增强，提高 n. 增加，帮助 |
|
| a boost in sales | 销售的增长 | |
| booster | 令人鼓舞的事物 | |
| sense | 感觉 | |
| make sense | 有道理，讲得通 | |
| a sense of humor | 幽默感 | |
| make no sense | 没有道理/意义 | |
| make sense of | 明白，理解 | |
| in a sense | 从某种意义上说 | |
| in no sense | 决不 | |
| There's no sense in doing sth | 做……没有道理 | |
| gather | 集合，聚集，收集 | |
| gather... from... | 从……收获 | |
| gather in | 聚拢 | |
| gather up | 采集，收拾 | |
| gather around/round | 围拢 | |
| shrink | 缩小，缩水 |
| subscribe | subscribe to | 订阅，赞成 |
| tend | 趋向 | |
| tend to do sth | 常常做某事 | |
| tend to sth | 趋势，趋向 | |
| tend (to) sb/sth look aftr sb/sth |
照顾 | |
| tend sb/sth | 照顾…… | |
| tend on | 照顾 | |
| tend to/towards | 照料；照管 | |
| oppose | 反对，抵制 | |
| be opposed to =object to |
反对 | |
| oppose doing sth | 反对做某事 | |
| be opposed to doing sth | 反对做某事 | |
| opposite | 在……对面；相反的 | |
| be opposite from | 与……相反；不相容 | |
| be opposite to | 在……对面 | |
| just the opposite | 恰恰相反 | |
| consequence | 结果，后果 重要性 |
|
| in consequence of =as a consequence (of) |
（作为……的）结果 | |
| as a consquence of/in consquence of | 由于……的原因 | |
| consequent | 随之发生的 | |
| consequently | 因而；所以 | |
| state | a good state of mind | 良好的心态 |
| range | 范围，射程，幅度 | |
| a wide range of | 一系列，各种 | |
| in range (fo sth) | 在……范围内 | |
| out of range (of sth) | 在……范围外 | |
| out of one's range | 某人能力打不到 | |
| range from...to... | 在……范围内变动 | |
| range between...and... | 从……到……范围 | |
| in/within/out of range | 在射程内/外 | |
| glance | take a glance | 一瞥，扫视 |
| concern | be concern about | 对……关心 |
| concern with | 跟……有关 | |
| average | 平均，平均数 平均为 平均的 |
|
| on average | 平均 | |
| below/above the average | 平均水平以下/上 | |
| an average of | 平均有（平均……+复数名词） | |
| existence | 存在 | |
| come into existence =come into being |
开始存在，形成 | |
| (be) in existence | 存在 | |
| bring...into existence | 使……出现/产生 | |
| existent | 存在的，现有的 | |
| exist | 存在 | |
| advocate | 拥护，提倡 拥护者 |
|
| advocate doing sth | 提倡做某事 | |
| advocate that should do sth | ||
| an advocate for/of | ……倡导者 | |
| commitment | 运送 承诺，保证 致力，献身 |
|
| commitment to... | ……的承诺 | |
| honour/fulfil/meet a commitment | 信守承诺 | |
| make a commitment (to do sth) | 作出承诺（做某事） | |
| commit | 保证 公开意见 做 |
|
| circumstance | 情况，环境 | |
| do sth if circumstances allow you to | 如果情况允许，做…… | |
| in/under the circumstances | 在这些情况下 | |
| in/under no circumstances | 无论如何不；绝不 | |
| in/under certain/any circumstances | 在某些/任何情况下 | |
| in the present circumstances | 在目前的情况下 |
| alongside | 在……旁边 在旁边 |
|
| appoint | 任命 | |
| appoint sb as/to be | 任命某人…… | |
| appoint sb to do sth | 指定某人做…… | |
| appoint time/a place for | 为……约定时间/地点 | |
| appointed | 认命的 | |
| appointment | 约会，任命 | |
| make an appointment | 约会 | |
| keep an appointment | 守约 | |
| break an appointment | 失约 | |
| make/have an appointment with =have a date with sb（date常指恋人约会） |
与……约会 | |
| evaluate | 评估，评价 | |
| evaluated | 估价的 | |
| evaluator | 评价者 | |
| evaluation | 评价，估价 | |
| eruption | 爆发 | |
| eruptive | 喷火的 | |
| erupt | 爆发，喷出 | |
| erupt into laughter/anger/tears | 突然…… | |
| equipment | 设施，器材 | |
| equip | 装备，配备 | |
| equip sb/sth with sth | 给……装备…… | |
| well/fully equipped | 设施齐全的，装备号的 | |
| badly/pporly equipped | 装备差的 | |
| a piece of equipment | 一件设备 | |
| equip sb for sth | 使某人具有……的能力 | |
| be equipped for | 准备好 | |
| be equipped with | 装备；配备；安装 | |
| potential | 潜在的，可能的 可能性 |
|
| have potential to do sth | 有潜力做…… | |
| potential demand | 潜在的需求 | |
| realize sb's potential | 实现某人的潜力 | |
| potentially | 潜在地 | |
| unfortunate | 不幸的 | |
| unfortunately | 不幸地 | |
| fortunate | 幸运的 | |
| fortunately | 幸运地 | |
| fortunate to do sth | 幸运地做某事 | |
| It is fortunate that | 很幸运…… | |
| fortune | 运气，命运 | |
| make a fortune | 发财 | |
| try one's fortune | 碰运气 | |
| come into a fortune | 继承一笔遗产 | |
| be fortunate in | 在……方面很幸运 | |
| seek one's fortune | 寻找出路 | |
| be in good/bad fortune | 运气好/坏 | |
| misfortune | 不幸；晦气 | |
| precious | 贵重的，珍贵的 | |
| precious words | 金玉良言 | |
| precious qualities | 宝贵品质 | |
| preciously | 珍贵的 | |
| preciousness | 宝贝，珍惜 | |
| uncomfortable | 不舒服 | |
| comfort | 舒服 | |
| comfort sb | 安慰某人 | |
| in comfort | 舒适地 | |
| give comfort to sb | 安慰某人 | |
| take comfort from/in | 在……中得到安慰 | |
| comfort... with | 用……安慰 | |
| comfort sb for sth | 因某事安慰某人 | |
| discomfort | 不舒服，不适 | |
| comfortable | 舒服的 | |
| unconscious | 失去知觉的，无意识的 | |
| conscious | 神志清晰的，有知觉的 | |
| shoot(shot，shot) | 射击，射中 | |
| shoot sb/sth | 射中…… | |
| shoot at | 向……射击 | |
| shoot from | 从……射出 | |
| shoot forward | 飞速向前 | |
| shoot sb in the leg | 射中某人的腿 | |
| shoot sb dead | 开枪打死某人 | |
| tremble | 摇晃，摇动 | |
| tremble with | 因……发抖 | |
| panic(panicked,panicked) | 恐慌 | |
| be in panic | 处于恐慌之中 | |
| get into a panic | 陷入恐慌 | |
| panic over | 对……恐慌 | |
| panic sb into doing sth | 使某人恐慌/仓促做某事 | |
| panic at/about/over sth | 对某事感到惊慌 | |
| vary | 变化，改变 | |
| vary in | 不同于…… | |
| vary from...to... | 从……到……不等 | |
| vary with =according to |
随……变化 | |
| vary between A and B | 在两者之间变化 | |
| variety | 种类 | |
| a variety of=varieties | 许多的；大量的 | |
| various | 多种多样的 | |
| diverse | 不同的，多种多样 | |
| be diverse from | 与……不同 | |
| diversity | =variety | n. 多样的，多样化 |
| a wide diversity of opinion | 众说纷纭 | |
| a great diversity of method | 各种不同的方法 | |
| guarantee | =make sure | 保证 |
| guarantee to do sth | 保证做…… | |
| guarantee sb/sth=guarantee sth to sb | 保证某人某事 | |
| guarantee sth for +时间 | ……的保质期为…… | |
| give a guarantee | 保证…… | |
| under guarantee | 在保质期内 | |
| guarantee against/from | 保证……不…… |
| ignore | ||
| ignorance | 无知，愚昧 | |
| ignorant | 无知的 | |
| calm | calm …… down | 使……平静下来 |
| keep/remain/stay calm | 保持镇定 | |
| series | 连续，系列 | |
| a series of | 一连串的，一系列的 | |
| power | have the power to do sth | |
| beyond one's power | 力所不及的，不能胜任的 | |
| come to power | 上台，当权 | |
| in power | 执政 | |
| recover | vi & vt. 恢复 | |
| recovery | 痊愈，恢复 | |
| recover from | 从...恢复 | |
| pack | 打包，行李 | |
| pack sth up | 把...打包 | |
| Please pack the packs | 请打包 | |
| exact | 精确的；准确的 | |
| to be (more) exact | 更准确的说 | |
| exactly | 确实如此，正是 | |
| not exactly | 不完全是 | |
| exactly speaking | 准确地说 | |
| grateful | 感激的 | |
| be grateful to sb | ||
| I would be grateful if... | ||
| swap(swapped swapped) | swap sth. with sb. | |
| have got to | 不得不 | |
| haven't got to | ||
| through | go through | 经历 |
| come through | 安然度过 | |
| get through | 通过考试/接通电话 | |
| - | on purpose | 故意 |
| official | 官方的/官员 | |
| voyage | 航海 | |
| make/take/go on a voyage to | 去...的航行 | |
| actually | 实际上，事实上 | |
| gradual | 逐渐 | |
| former | 前者的 | |
| the former...,the latter... | ||
| straight | 直接，直的 | |
| get sth straight | 弄清... | |
| set/put sb. straight | 纠正... | |
| go straight | 直走 | |
| block | 街区；石块；木块。阻塞 | |
| flow | 流动，留出 | |
| flow though/into | 流经/流进 | |
| in full flow | 滔滔不绝地 | |
| schedule | 时间表，进度表 | |
| on schedule | 准时 | |
| behind schedule | 推迟 | |
| ahead of schedule | 提前 | |
| determine | 决定 | |
| determine to do sth/be determined to do sth | 决心做某事 | |
| determine that | 决定... | |
| determine on sth/doing sth | 对（做）某事做出决定 | |
| pace | 踱步，一步 | |
| keep pace with | 齐头并进 | |
| set the pace | 确定速度，制定标准 | |
| show one's paces | 显示自己的本领 | |
| pace the floor/room | 走来走去 | |
| bend(bent bent) | 弯，拐角。弯曲。 | |
| bend before/to | 向...屈服 | |
| bend one's mind to | 把心思集中到... | |
| bend down | 弯腰 | |
| be bent on (doing) sth | 专心致志于... | |
| attitude | 态度，看法 | |
| an attutude to/towards | 对...的态度 | |
| take a/an ... attitude | 采取...的态度 | |
| boil | 沸腾，开了 | |
| boiled | 煮开的 | |
| boiling | 沸腾的 | |
| reliable | 可信赖的 | |
| view | 风景，观点，看法 | |
| in view | 在实现范围内 | |
| in view of | 考虑到，由于 | |
| come into view | 出现在眼前 | |
| on view | 展示中，陈列中 | |
| in one's view | 在某人看来 | |
| take the view that | 认为... | |
| view sb/sth as | 把某人/物当做 | |
| beneath | 在...下面,两者接触 | |
| mind | make up one's mind | 下决心；决定 |
| keep... in mind | 记住 | |
| speak one's mind | 直言不讳 | |
| read one's mind | 看懂某人的心事 | |
| give one's mind to | 专心从事 | |
| give | give in | 投降；让步 |
| give in to | 向...屈服 | |
| give off | 放出，散发 | |
| give away | 赠送，放弃 | |
| give out | 分发，发出 | |
| give up | 放弃 | |
| give... over | 交出... | |
| give way to | 让步，妥协 | |
| usual | as usual | 照常 |
| than usual | 比往常 | |
| burst | 爆发，爆裂 | |
| burst out doing | 突然... | |
| burst into sth | 突然...；闯入 | |
| burst with | 充满 | |
| burst upon | 突然展现 | |
| ruin | 废墟；毁灭 | |
| come to ruin | 毁灭 | |
| go to ruin | 衰落，毁灭 | |
| in ruins | 严重受损 | |
| fall into ruin | 衰落 | |
| injure | 伤害 | |
| injured | 受伤的 | |
| injury | 伤害 | |
| do an injury to sb=do sb an injury | 对某人有害 | |
| an injury/injuries to sb/sth | 对……的伤害 | |
| destroy(destroyed destroyed) | ||
| shock | 震惊；震动 | |
| shocking | 令人震惊的 | |
| shocked | 感到震惊的 | |
| be shocked by/at | 对...感到震惊 | |
| It shocks sb to do | ...使某人震惊 | |
| be shocked to do sth | 害怕做某事 | |
| trap | 陷入困境；陷阱 | |
| be trapped in | 困在...中 | |
| bury | 埋葬 | |
| be buried in/under | 被埋在...里/下 | |
| bury oneself in | 埋头于... | |
| frighten | 使惊吓；吓唬 | |
| frightening | 令人害怕的 | |
| frightened | 害怕的 | |
| frighten sb away/off | 把某人吓跑 | |
| frighten sb into doing sth | 吓唬某人做某事 | |
| be frightened at/by | 因...害怕 | |
| be frightened to death | 被吓坏 | |
| congratulate | 庆祝 | |
| congratulate sb on sth | 就某事祝贺某人 | |
| congratulate oneself on | 为自己高兴 | |
| congratulation | 祝贺 | |
| judge | 裁判，法官；判决 | |
| express | 表达；快递 | |
| express oneself | 表达意见，表明态度 | |
| expression | 表达 | |
| expressive | 富于表现力的 | |
| dig | dig out | 挖出，发现 |
| dig into | 挖掘；钻研 | |
| dig up | 崛起，找到 | |
| quality | 质量，品质 | |
| (be) of high/good quality | 高质量 | |
| (be) of poor/bad quality | 劣质的 | |
| found | 建立；建设 | |
| principle | 原则；原理 | |
| stage | 舞台；阶段 | |
| take/leave the stage | 登上/离开舞台 | |
| vote | vote against | 投票反对 |
| attack | 进攻 | |
| under attack | 受到袭击 | |
| make an attack on | 对...发起进攻 | |
| attack sb/sth with sth | 用...袭击某人/物 | |
| equal | be equal to | 与...相等 |
| escape | 逃跑；逃走 | |
| educate | 教育 | |
| educate oneself | 自修 | |
| educate for | 学（某学科） | |
| educate in | 教育/培训某人 | |
| educated | 受教育的 | |
| educator | 教育者 | |
| education | 教育 | |
| beg | 请求，乞求 | |
| beg for | 乞讨 | |
| beg off | 请求免做某事 | |
| beg your pardon | 对不起；请再说一遍 | |
| sentence | 句子，命题；判决；宣判 | |
| be sentenced to | 被判处... | |
| opinion | 看法；主张 | |
| in one's opinion | 据某人看来 | |
| have a good/high/low opinion of | 对...评价好/高/低 | |
| public/popular opinion | 舆论 | |
| work | out of work | 失业 |
| in work | 有工作 | |
| at work | 在工作 | |
| lose | lose heart | 丧失勇气/信心 |
| lose one's heart to | 爱上... | |
| lose weight | 减肥 | |
| lose one's sight | 失明 | |
| lose one's temper | 发脾气 | |
| rare | 稀有的；珍贵的 | |
| fancy | 奇特的，异样的 | |
| fancy sb to be/as | 认为某人是... | |
| take/catch one's fancy | 引起某人的喜欢 | |
| fantasy | 幻想；想象 | |
| worth | 值得的；价值 | |
| be worth doing | 值得做 | |
| worthy | 有价值的 | |
| sink(sunk sunk) | 下沉 水槽 |
|
| debate | 争论；辩论 | |
| debate with sb. about/on/over sth | 与某人争论某事 | |
| a(n) lively/heated/intense debate | 一场生动的/激烈的/紧张的辩论 | |
| search | in search of | 寻找 |
| make a search after/for | 寻找... | |
| search for/look for | 寻找 | |
| return | in return | 作为报答；回报 |
| in return for | 作为...的回报 | |
| compete | 比赛；竞争 | |
| compete with/against | 和...竞争 | |
| compete in | 参加 | |
| compete for | 为...比赛 | |
| competition | 竞争 | |
| competitor | 竞争者 | |
| competitive | 竞争的 | |
| volunteer | 志愿者 | |
| voluntary | 自愿的 | |
| host | 主办；主人 | |
| hostess | 女主人 | |
| fine | 好的；罚款 | |
| fine sb for (doing) sth | 因...罚...的款 | |
| solve | 解决 | |
| solution | 解决方案 | |
| personal | 私人的 | |
| personally | 就个人而言；亲自地 | |
| personality | 个性；性格 | |
| total | 总的；总数 | |
| in total | 总计；合计 | |
| explore | 探索 | |
| exploration | 探索 | |
| explorer | 探险者 | |
| anyhow | 无论如何；即使如此 | |
| signal | 信号；发信号 | |
| a danger/warning signal | 危险/警告信号 | |
| traffic signals | 交通灯 | |
| type | 类型；打字 | |
| a type of | 一种 | |
| all types of | 各种类型的 | |
| arise(arose arisen) | 出现；发生 | |
| arise from/out of | 由...引起 | |
| character | 性格；特点；汉字 | |
| way | in a way | 在某种程度上 |
| all the way | 始终 | |
| by the way | 顺便说一下 | |
| by way of | 经过 | |
| in the way | 挡道；碍事 | |
| on one's way to | 在去...的路上 | |
| in this way | 用这种方法 | |
| watch | watch over | 看守 |
| watch for | 观察 | |
| watch out (for) | 小心 | |
| watch one's step | 留神脚下 | |
| keep a watch on | 严密监视 | |
| hunt | 打猎 | |
| hunt for | 寻找 | |
| hunter | 猎人 | |
| hunting | n. 打猎 | |
| go hunting | 去打猎 | |
| respond | 回答，反应 | |
| response | in response to | 对……回答 |
| certain | 确定的 | |
| be certain of/about | 对某事有把握 | |
| for certain | 肯定 | |
| importance | be of (no/great) importance | (不/很)重要 |
| employ | 雇用；利用 | |
| be employed in | 从事于 | |
| employ sb as | 雇用某人做... | |
| employment | 雇用 | |
| employer | 雇主 | |
| employee | 雇员 | |
| employable | 可雇用的 | |
| harm | 损害 | |
| harmful | 有害的 | |
| harmless | 无害的 | |
| bite(bit bitten) | 咬，叮 | |
| bite at | 向...咬去；上当 | |
| roll | 滚动；摇摆 | |
| roll in | 大量涌入 | |
| roll up | 卷... | |
| rull out | 铺开... | |
| roll over | 翻身 | |
| form | 形成；组成 | |
| form the habit of | 养成...的习惯 | |
| fill in/out a form | 填表格 | |
| in the form of | 以...的形成 | |
| as a matter of form | 按惯例；形式上 | |
| familiar | 熟悉的；常见的 | |
| sb be familiar with sth | 熟悉某物 | |
| sth be familier to sb | 某物被某人熟悉 | |
| rely | rely on | 依赖；依靠 |
| rely on sb/sth for sth | 依赖...得到... | |
| rely on it that | 相信... | |
| celebrate | 庆祝 | |
| celebration | in celebration of | 为庆祝... |
| origin | 起因，由来 | |
| by origin | 血缘，血统 | |
| trace one's origin | 追根溯源 | |
| original | 最初的，原来的 | |
| forgive(forgave forgiven) | 原谅；饶恕 | |
| forgive sb sth | 原谅某人某事 | |
| forgive sb for (doing) sth | 原谅某人做了某事 | |
| forgive and forget | 不念旧恶；不记某人的仇 | |
| bet | 打赌 | |
| make a bet | 打赌 | |
| You bet! | 的确！当然！ | |
| I bet | 我敢肯定 | |
| wander | 漫游；漫步 | |
| wonder | n&v 奇迹；想知道 | |
| fault | 错误；缺点 | |
| seek(sought, sought) | 寻找；探索 | |
| seek to do sth | 试图；设法做某事 | |
| seek after | 追求，寻求 | |
| seek for | 寻求；探求 | |
| seek from | 从...中寻找 | |
| seek out | 找出 | |
| patience | 耐性；忍耐 | |
| have patience | 有耐心 | |
| (run) out of patience | 失去耐心 | |
| have no patience with sb/sth | 没耐心忍受... | |
| lose patience with sb/sth | 对...失去耐心 | |
| amount | 数量 | |
| a large/good/small amount of | 修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数 | |
| large/good/small amounts of | 修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数 | |
| amount to=total to/add up to | 总计 | |
| manner | 礼貌；举止 | |
| manners | 礼貌 | |
| mind one's manners | 注意礼貌 | |
| bow | 鞠躬；弯腰 | |
| bow to | 向...鞠躬/屈服 | |
| bow down to | 向...鞠躬/致敬 | |
| (with) head/shoulder bowed | 低着头/驼着背 | |
| bring | bring up | 抚养；提出 |
| bring about | 引起；导致 | |
| bring on | 发生；引起 | |
| bring back | 回忆 | |
| bring down | 使落下 | |
| bring in | 带来；引进 | |
| bring out | 出版；激起 | |
| global | 地球；地球仪 | |
| global village | 地球村 | |
| global warming | 全球变暖 | |
| globalize | 使全球化 | |
| unlike | 不同；不像 | |
| dislike | 不喜欢 | |
| fundamental | 基本的；基础的 | |
| be fundamental to | 对...是基本的 | |
| puzzle(pullzed) | 谜；难题。迷惑；为难 | |
| puzzlement | 迷惑 | |
| - | block out | 挡住 |
| block off | 关闭；封闭 | |
| block up | 封闭；堵塞 | |
| chat | 聊天 | |
| chat to/with sb (about sth) | 与某人闲聊（某事） | |
| have a chat with sb (about sth) | 与某人闲聊（某事） | |
| within | 在……之内 | |
| within limits | 在限度内 | |
| from within | 来自内部；从内心深处 | |
| within reach | 够得到；在附近 | |
| within sight | 看得见；在视线范围内 | |
| border | 边界；国界。接近 | |
| on the border of | 接近；临近 | |
| borderland | 边境地带；模棱两可 | |
| borderline | 国境线；交界线 | |
| mix | 混合；调配 | |
| be/get mixed up | 牵连到（棘手的事）；头脑混乱 | |
| mix...with... | 混合……和…… | |
| mix up | 混合；分不清 | |
| mix up with | 分不清；和……混在一起 | |
| mist | 薄雾 | |
| misty | 有薄雾的 | |
| downtown | approximately | 市区的。在市区；往市区 |
| go downtown | 去商业区 | |
| a downtown store | 商业区的商店（作形容词，只能用作前置定语） | |
| pleased | 高兴的；愉快的 | |
| be pleased at/with/by | 因……高兴 | |
| be pleased to do sth | 高兴做某事 | |
| campaign | 运动；战役。作战 | |
| campaign for | 参加争取……的运动 | |
| campaign against | 参加反对……的运动 | |
| argue | 讨论；争论 | |
| argue with sb about/over/on sth | 与某人争论某事 | |
| argue for | 为……争论 | |
| argue against | 为反对……争论 | |
| argue sb into/out of doing sth | 说服某人做/不做某事 | |
| crowd | 人群，观众；挤满 1. crowd作为整体时，谓语动词用单数；强调群体中的个人时，谓语动词用复数 2. 交通拥挤用heavy或busy，不用crowded |
|
| crowd in/into(on) | 涌上（心头） | |
| be crowded with | 挤满 | |
| a crowd of | 一群 | |
| considerate | 考虑周到的 | |
| be considerate to/towards sb | 对……很体贴 | |
| It is considerate of sb to do sth | 某人做某事很体贴 | |
| take sth into consideration | 顾及；考虑到 | |
| under consideration | 在考虑中 | |
| out of consideration for | 出于对……的考虑 | |
| deliver | 递送；节省；发表 | |
| deliver...to | 把……交给…… | |
| deliver a baby | 接生婴儿 | |
| be delivered of a baby=girve birth to | 分娩；生孩子 | |
| deliver a speech | 发表演说 | |
| look | look down on | 蔑视；瞧不起 |
| look out for | 当心 | |
| look up | 查找；向上看 | |
| look up to | 尊敬 | |
| look forward to | 盼望 | |
| export | 出口；输出 | |
| export sth to | 把……出口到…… | |
| occupy | 占领；占据 | |
| occupy oneself with/in (doing) sth =be occupied with/in (doing) sth |
忙于做某事；专心做某事 | |
| keep sb occupied | 使某人忙碌 | |
| occupy sb's time | 占用某人的时间 | |
| occupy a place | 占据一方 | |
| occupy in sth=engage in sth | 忙于做某事 | |
| occupied | 没空闲的 | |
| occupation | 工作；职业 | |
| confuse | 使迷惑；使为难 | |
| confuse...with... | 把……错认为…… | |
| be confused at/by/about | 对……困惑 | |
| confuse black and white | 混淆黑白 | |
| confusing | 令人困惑的 | |
| confused | 困惑的 | |
| confusion | 混乱；迷惑 | |
| comment | 评论；议论。表达意见 做动词时，后跟that从句 |
|
| make comments on | 对……发表评论 | |
| comment on sth | 评论 | |
| without commnt | 未做任何解释 | |
| no comment | 无可奉告 | |
| humour | 幽默 | |
| a sense of humour | 幽默感 | |
| be out of humour | 心情不佳的 | |
| humorous | 幽默的 | |
| entertain | 使欢乐；款待 | |
| entertain sb with sth | 娱乐；使……高兴 | |
| entertain sb to sth | 用……款待某人 | |
| entertainer | 表演者；艺人 | |
| entertainment | 娱乐；款待 | |
| entertaining | 使人愉快的 | |
| overcome(overcame，overcome) | 战胜；克服 | |
| overcome the bad habit | 克服恶习 | |
| overcome difficulties | 克服困难 | |
| get over | 解决；克服 | |
| direct | 导演；指挥。直的；直接的 | |
| direct sb to | 告诉某人如何去哪个地方 | |
| direct sb to do sth | 指导某人做某事 | |
| direction | 方向；指导 | |
| director | 导演 | |
| occasion | 时刻；场合 | |
| on occasion(s) | 偶然地 | |
| on this occasion | 在这种场合 | |
| on one occasion | 有一次；曾经 | |
| occasionally | 偶然地 | |
| slide(slid,slid) | 滑动，滑行。滑；幻灯片 | |
| slide into/out | 偷偷溜进/出 | |
| explain | 解释 | |
| explain to sb sth=explain sth to sb | 向……解释 | |
| explanation | 解释；说明 | |
| explanation of/for | ……的解释 | |
| give/offer/provide an explanation | 给出解释 | |
| whisper | 耳语；低语。小声说 | |
| whisper to sb | 低声对某人说 | |
| in a whisper=in whisper | 低声地 | |
| whisper sth in one's ear | 在某人耳旁小声说 | |
| It is/was whispered that | 传闻说…… | |
| react | 作出反应；回应 | |
| react to sb/sth | 对……作出反应 | |
| react against | 反对；对抗 | |
| react on | 对……起作用 | |
| reaction | 反应；对抗 | |
| greet | 迎接，问候 | |
| greet sb with | 用……向某人打招呼 | |
| greet sb/sth (with/as sth) | (通过……)向某人/某物做出反应 | |
| greeting | 问候，招呼 | |
| exchange greetings | 互相问候 | |
| represent | 代表，象征 | |
| represent... as ... | 把……描绘成…… | |
| represent oneself as/to be | 自称是…… | |
| represent sth to sb | 向某人描绘…… | |
| representation | 表现，描述 | |
| representative | 典型的，代表的。代表 | |
| curious | 好奇的 | |
| be curious about sth | 对……感到好奇 | |
| be curious to do sth | 很想做…… | |
| major | 主要的； 较多的（无比较级，不能与than，to连用） |
|
| major in | 主修某一科目 | |
| majority | 大多数，大部分 | |
| in the majority | 占大多数 | |
| carry/gain the majority | 赢得多数票 | |
| by/with a majority of | 以大多数赢得 | |
| minor | 较小的；次要的 | |
| minority | 少数，少部分 | |
| misunderstand (misunderstood,misunderstood) | 误解，误会 | |
| dash | 猛冲；突进 | |
| dash out of | 冲出 | |
| dash across | 冲过 | |
| dash off | 匆忙写成；急忙离开 | |
| at a dash | 急速地 | |
| likely | 可能的 | |
| be likely to do sth | 很可能做某事 | |
| It is likely that | 可能…… | |
| not likely | 绝不可能 | |
| crossroads | 十字路口（单复数同形） | |
| at a/the crossroads | 在十字路口 | |
| function | 作用，功能。运转 | |
| function as | 用作…… | |
| ease | 安逸，舒适 | |
| feel at ease | 感到放松 | |
| set/put sb at ease | 使某人感到放松 | |
| ease sb of sth | 减轻某人的痛苦/负担 | |
| ease one's mind | 使某人放心 | |
| rank | 等级，军衔 | |
| rank among | 位列 | |
| people of all ranks | 各阶层的人们 | |
| swing(swung,swung) | 秋千，摇摆。摇摆，摆动 | |
| swing to and from | 来回摇摆 | |
| swing back and forth | 前后摇摆 | |
| in full swing | 正在全力进行；正起劲 | |
| unique | 独一无二的，仅有的 表示独一无二的，不能与more，very，rather等连用；表独特的可以 |
|
| be unique to | 为……所独有 | |
| preserve | 保存，保留。保护区 | |
| preservation | 保护，维护 | |
| length | in length | 长度上 |
| a length of | ……的长度 | |
| at length | 最后，终于 | |
| be in a/the minority | 占少数；成为少数民族 | |
| minimum | 最小的；最少的 | |
| cloth | 布 | |
| advance | 促进，提前。n. 前进，进步 | |
| in advance | 提前，预先 | |
| in advance of | 在……前面 | |
| advanced | 先进的；高级的 | |
| advancement | 前进；促进 | |
| conclude | 结束，推断出 | |
| conclude... from... | 从……推断出 | |
| conclude by doing | 通过做……结束 | |
| conclusion | 结论，推论 | |
| conclusive | 结论性的，有说服力的 | |
| defeat | 打败，战胜。失败 | |
| expert | 熟练的。专家 | |
| an expert at/in/on sth | 某方面的专家 | |
| be expert at/in/on doing sth | 擅长做某事 | |
| expertly | 熟练地 | |
| attend | 照顾；参加 | |
| attend a meeting | 参加会议 | |
| attend on | 照顾，看护 | |
| attend school | 上学 | |
| attend to | 照顾；对付；注意 | |
| expose | 暴露；揭露，曝光 及物动词，主动语态后接宾语，没有宾语用被动语态 |
|
| expose... to | 使……暴露于…… | |
| cure | 治愈，痊愈。治疗 | |
| challenge | v & n.挑战 | |
| challenge sb (to sth) | 向某人（某事）挑战 | |
| challenge sb to do sth | 挑战某人做某事 | |
| face a challenge | 面对挑战 | |
| meet a challenge | 迎接挑战 | |
| accept a challenge | 接受挑战 | |
| challenging | 具有挑战性的 | |
| challenger | 挑战者 | |
| foresee(foresaw,foreseen) | 预知，预见 | |
| pollute | 污染，弄脏 | |
| pollution | 污染 | |
| polluted | 被污染的 | |
| handle | 把手。处理 | |
| handler | 处理者，管理者 | |
| announce | 宣布；通告 | |
| announce to sb sth=announce sth to sb | 向某人宣布某事 | |
| construct | 建设；修建 | |
| be instructed of/out of | 用……建造 | |
| construction | 建设 | |
| under construction | 在建造中 | |
| constructor | 建造者 | |
| contribute | 贡献；捐献 | |
| contribute... to... | 把……捐献给…… | |
| contribute to | 捐助；促成 | |
| contribution | 捐献 | |
| make a contribution/contributions to | 对……做出贡献 | |
| contributor | 捐献者 | |
| reject | 拒绝；抛弃 | |
| rejection | 拒绝 | |
| put | put forward | 提出 |
| put oneself/sb forward | 自荐；推荐某人 | |
| put sth forward | 提前 | |
| put away | 放好；收起 | |
| put aside | 放在一旁；积累 | |
| put down | 记下；写下 | |
| put off | 脱下 | |
| put up | 张贴；搭建 | |
| put up with | 忍受；容忍 | |
| unite | 联合；团结 | |
| unite in | 在……团结起来 | |
| unite into | 使……团结起来 | |
| unite with | 与……联合 | |
| united | 联合的；团结的 | |
| union | 联合；工会 | |
| possibility | 可能性 | |
| There is no possibility that... | 不可能…… | |
| quarrel | v&n. 争吵；吵架。 | |
| quarrel with sb about/on/over sth | 因……与……争吵 | |
| have words with sb | 与某人争吵 | |
| have a word with sb | 与某人谈话 | |
| alike | 相同的；类似的 只能做表语，不能用very修饰，能用very much修饰 |
|
| unlike | 不像 | |
| fold | 折叠；对折 | |
| fold up | 折叠 | |
| fold one's arms/hands | 交臂；交手 | |
| constant | 时常发生的；连续不断的 | |
| guide | 指导；向导；导游。指引 | |
| a tour guide | 导游 | |
| a guide to China | 中国旅游指南 | |
| concrete | 具体的 | |
| endless | 无穷的，无止境的 | |
| end | 结束。尽头 | |
| ending | 结尾 | |
| branch | 枝条；支流 | |
| branch off | 分岔 | |
| branch out | 长出枝条；扩大规模 | |
| eventually | 最后；终于 | |
| eventual | 最终发生的；结果的 | |
| transform | 转化；转换 | |
| sponsor | 赞助人；主办者。发起；举办 | |
| sponsorship | n. 赞助；资助 | |
| load | 负担 | |
| load... with=be loaded with | 装载…… | |
| a load of=loads of | 许多；大量 | |
| a heavy load | 沉重的负担 | |
| under the load of | 在……的压力下 | |
| abuse | 滥用；虐待 | |
| alcohol/drug abuse | 酗酒/滥用毒品 | |
| abuse one's power | 滥用权力 | |
| abuse one's trust/confidence | 背信弃义 | |
| stress | 压力。使紧张 | |
| under the stress of | 在……的压力下 | |
| lay/put/place stress on sth | 强调/重视某事 | |
| ban | 禁止；取缔。禁令 | |
| ban sb from doing sth | 禁止某人做某事 | |
| a ban on | 关于……的禁令 | |
| place/put... under a ban | 禁止…… | |
| due | 欠款的；预定的 | |
| due to | 因为；由于 | |
| be due to | 到期；预期的 | |
| addicted | 入迷的；上瘾的 | |
| be/become/get addicted to | 对……上瘾 | |
| addiction | 上瘾 | |
| addictive | 使人上瘾的 | |
| accustom | 使习惯于 | |
| be/become/get accustomed to | 习惯于…… | |
| accustom oneself/sb to doing sth | 使自己/某人习惯于…… | |
| mental | 精神的；智力的 | |
| go mental | 气疯了 | |
| mental age | 心理年龄 | |
| mental power | 智力 | |
| mental treatment | 精神病治疗 | |
| quit | 停止；离开 | |
| quit doing sth | 停止做某事 | |
| quit sb of sth | 使……摆脱 | |
| quit one's job/office/school | 辞掉工作/离职/退学 | |
| effect | 结果；效力 | |
| have an effect on | 对……有影响 | |
| come into effect | 生效；开始实施 | |
| take effect | 见效 | |
| bring/put sth into effect | 使生效；实行 | |
| in effect | 实际上；事实上 | |
| effective | 有效的 | |
| effectively | 有效地 | |
| efficient | 效率高的；能干的 | |
| efficiently | 效率高地 | |
| strengthen | 加强；巩固。变强 | |
| strong | 强壮的 | |
| strength | 力量；优点 | |
| desperate | 绝望的；拼命的 | |
| be desperate for sth | 渴望得到某物 | |
| be desperate to do sth | 渴望做某事 | |
| in desperate need of | 迫切需要 | |
| desperately | 绝望地 | |
| desperation | 绝望；拼命 | |
| disappointed | 失望的；沮丧的 | |
| be disappointed in/with/at/by | 对……感到失望 | |
| be disappointed to do sth | 失望地做某事 | |
| disappoint | 使失望 | |
| disappointing | 使……失望的 | |
| disappointment | 失望；绝望 | |
| to one's disappointment | 令……失望的 | |
| ashamed | 羞愧的；羞耻的 | |
| be ashamed of (doing) sth | 为做了……羞愧 | |
| be ashamed of oneself | 为自己感到惭愧 | |
| be ashamed to be sth/to do sth | 因为……感到羞愧 | |
| prejudice | 偏见；成见 | |
| to the prejudice | 不利于；有损于 | |
| without prejudice (to sb/sth) | 无损于；无偏见地 | |
| have a prejudice against | 对……有偏见 | |
| embarrassed | 尴尬的 | |
| be/feel embarrassed at/about | 对……感到尴尬 | |
| be/feel embarrassed to do sth | 对做某事感到尴尬 | |
| awkward | 局促不安的；笨拙的 | |
| be awkward with | 对……不熟练 | |
| awkwardly | 尴尬地 | |
| awkwardness | 笨拙；难为情 | |
| decide | decide on | 对……做出决定 |
| decide to do sth | 决定做…… | |
| decide against (doing) sth | 决定不做…… | |
| consume | 消费；消耗 | |
| consumer | 消费者 | |
| consumption | 消耗量；消费 | |
| random | 胡乱的；任意的 | |
| at random | 胡乱地 | |
| subscribe | 同意；订阅。签署；捐助 | |
| subscribe to | 同意；赞成 | |
| quantity | 数量 | |
| a quantity of/quantities of | ||
| trend | 趋势；趋向 | |
| a trend to/toward | ……的趋势 | |
| follow a trend | 赶时髦 | |
| mild | 温和的；温柔的；淡的 | |
| steady | 平稳的；持续的 | |
| average | 平均的 | |
| on (the) average | 平均；按平均数计算 | |
| above/below the average | 在平均数以上/下 | |
| commitment | 承诺；信奉 | |
| commitment to... | ……的承诺 | |
| honour/fulfil/meet a commitment | 信守承诺 | |
| make a commitment (to do sth) | 作出承诺（做某事） | |
| electrical | 电的 | |
| wave | 波浪；波涛。波动 | |
| wave at/to sb | 朝某人挥手 | |
| wave goodbye to | 挥手告别 | |
| wave sb off | 挥手送别某人 | |
| absolute | 绝对的；完全的 | |
| absolutely | 完全地；绝对地 | |
| suit | 一套外衣；套装。适合 | |
| suitable | 合适的 | |
| be suitable for sb/sth | 适合…… | |
| be suitable to do sth | 适合做某事 | |
| anxious | 忧虑的；不安的 | |
| be anxious about | 为……担心 | |
| be anxious for | 渴望…… | |
| be anxious to do sth | 渴望做某事 | |
| arouse | 激发；唤醒 | |
| arous sb against the dangers of | 唤起某人警惕……的危险 | |
| arouse sb from sth | 从……中唤醒某人 | |
| arouse sb to action | 激励某人采取行动 | |
| disability | 伤残；无力；无能 | |
| disable | 使残疾 | |
| disabled | 伤残的 | |
| adapt | 使适应；改编 | |
| adapt to | 适应 | |
| adapt... from | 根据……改编 | |
| adapt oneself to=be adapted to | 使……适应/适合 | |
| adapt A for B | 将A改编为B | |
| adaptation | 适应；改编 | |
| adaptable | 能适应的 | |
| absence | 缺席 | |
| absence from | 缺席 | |
| absence of mind | 心不在焉 | |
| in one's absence/in the absence of sb | 在某人缺席时 | |
| absent | 缺席的 | |
| be absent from | 不在；缺席 | |
| annoy | 使……不悦；惹恼 | |
| be annoyed with sb | 生某人的气 | |
| be annoyed at/about sth | 因……生气 | |
| be annoyed to do sth | 恼怒地去做…… | |
| annoyed | 惹恼的 | |
| annoying | 令人烦恼的 | |
| annoyance | n. 烦恼；恼怒 | |
| conduct | 行为；品行。指挥；管理 | |
| conduct a survey/an experiment | 做调查/实验 | |
| conduct oneself | 表现；为人 | |
| under the conduct | 在……的指导/管理下 | |
| conductor | 领导者；列车员 | |
| abolish | v. 废除；废止 | |
| abolition | 废止；废除 | |
| resign | 辞去，辞职 | |
| resign as | 辞去作为……的职务 | |
| resign from... | 辞去……职务 | |
| resign oneself to | 听人摆布；只好接受 | |
| resignation | 辞职 | |
| resigned | 顺从的 | |
| adequate | 足够的；充分的 | |
| be adequate for sth | 足够…… | |
| be adequate to do sth | 胜任做某事 | |
| adequately | 足够地；适当地 | |
| profit | 收益；利润 | |
| profit from/by | 得益于 | |
| to one's profit | 为了某人的利益 | |
| at a profit | 有利可图 | |
| for profit | 为了获利 | |
| make/eary/gain/get/obtain a profit | 获得利润 | |
| profitable | 盈利的；有利可图的 | |
| desire | 渴望；想要 | |
| desire to do sth | 渴望做某事 | |
| desire sb to do sth | 要求某人做…… | |
| meet/satisfy one's desire | 满足某人的愿望 | |
| have a strong desire for/to do sth | 强烈渴望…… | |
| satisfy | 使……满意 | |
| satisfying | 令人满意的 | |
| satisfied | 满意的 | |
| satisfaction | 满意；满足 | |
| with satisfaction=with pleasure | 满意地 | |
| alarm | 惊恐。警报 | |
| be alarmed at/by | 因……害怕 | |
| be alarmed to do | 做……感到惊恐 | |
| in alarm | 惊恐地 | |
| a fire alarm | 火警 | |
| ring/sound the alarm | 敲警钟；吹警报号 | |
| sympathy | 同情（心） | |
| feel/have sympathy for sb/sth | 对……同情 | |
| out of sympathy | 出于同情 | |
| in sympathy with | 赞成；与……一致 | |
| pile | 堆；叠。堆积 | |
| a pile of=piles of | 一大堆；大量 | |
| pile up | 堆积 | |
| accompany | 陪伴；伴奏 | |
| accompany sb to a place | 陪某人到某个地方 | |
| accompany sb on/at sth | 用……给某人伴奏 | |
| be accompanied by/with | 由……陪同/随行 | |
| affair | 事情；事务 | |
| foreign affairs | 外交事务 | |
| be sb's affair | 是某人的私事 | |
| declare | 宣布；声明 | |
| declare sb/sth (to be) | 宣布……（是） | |
| declare for/against | 赞成/反对 | |
| declear war on/against | 向……宣战 | |
| envy | 嫉妒；羡慕 | |
| envy sb (for) sth | 羡慕…… | |
| feel envy at | 对……羡慕 | |
| out of envy | 出于嫉妒 | |
| with envy | 羡慕地 | |
| bound | 一定的；密切相关的 | |
| be bound to do sth | 一定做某事 | |
| be bound to sth | 被束缚于某事 | |
| bound for | 前往…… | |
| within/out of bounds | 在限度内/外 | |
| talent | 天才；才干 | |
| have a great talent for | 在……方面很有天赋 | |
| show a talent for | 表现出……天赋 | |
| a man of many talents | 多才多艺的人 | |
| talented | 有天赋的 | |
| divorce | v&n. 离婚。断绝关系 | |
| get divorced | 离婚 | |
| divorce... from | 使……分离 | |
| be engaged to do | 与某人订婚 | |
| get/be married to sb | 与某人结婚 | |
| marry sb | 与某人结婚 | |
| obey | 服从；顺从 | |
| obey the doctor's advice | 遵医嘱 | |
| obey an order | 服从命令 | |
| witness | 目击者；证人 | |
| witness for/against | 对……作有利/不利证据 | |
| bear/give witness to | 为……作证 | |
| accommodate | 容纳，供应 | |
| accommodation | 住所；住宿 | |
| make accommodations for | 为……提供膳宿 | |
| pause | 暂停；终止 | |
| pause to do sth | 停下来去做某事 | |
| pause for breath/thought | 稍作休息 | |
| dive | 跳水；潜水 | |
| dive (one's) hand into the bag | 把手伸进包里 | |
| dive into one's research | 潜心研究 | |
| diver | 潜水员；跳水者 | |
| diver bomber | 俯冲轰炸机 | |
| flee(fled,fled) | 逃跑；逃离 | |
| drag | 拖；拉 | |
| drag behind | 落在后面 | |
| drag down | 使衰弱 | |
| drag in | 扯进来 | |
| drag on/out | 拖延 | |
| meantime | 同时；其间 | |
| in the meantime | 与此同时 | |
| urge | 催促；极力主张 | |
| urge sb to do sth | 敦促某人做某事 | |
| urge sb on sth | 催促某人做某事 | |
| target | 目标；靶 | |
| aim at the target | 瞄准目标 | |
| hit/miss the target | 中/脱靶 | |
| reflect | 思考；反射 | |
| reflect sb/sth in sth | 映出……的影像 | |
| reflect on sth | 思考某事 | |
| reflect from | 从……反射出来 | |
| aware | 意识到的；知道的 | |
| be/become aware of/that | 意识到 | |
| make sb aware of/that | 使某人明白某事 | |
| as far as I'm aware=as far as I know | 据我所知 | |
| neat | 好的；整齐的 | |
| as neat as a (new) pin | 十分整洁 | |
| narrow | 狭窄的；有限的 | |
| a narrow victory/escape/defeat | 险胜/死里逃生/惜败 | |
| narrow down | 缩小 | |
| narrow sth down to sth | 减少到…… | |
| narrowly | 毫厘之差；勉强地 | |
| scare | 恐吓；惊吓 | |
| scare sb away/off | 把某人吓跑 | |
| be scared to death | 吓死 | |
| scare sb into doing sth | 恐吓某人做某事 | |
| be scared to do sth | 害怕/不敢做某事 | |
| be scared of sb/sth | 害怕…… | |
| relevant | 有关的；相关的 | |
| be relevant to | 与……有关 | |
| adjust | 调整 | |
| adjust to sth/doing sth | 适应（做）某事 | |
| adjust oneself | 使自己适应…… | |
| adjust sth to sth | 调整……以适合…… | |
| participate | 参加；参与 | |
| participate in | 分担；参加 | |
| participate with | 共同参与 | |
| participant | 参与者 | |
| participation | n. 参加；参与 | |
| otherwise | 否则；不然 | |
| privilege | 特权；特别优待 | |
| have the privilege to do sth/of doing sth | 有特权做某事 | |
| It is a privilege to do sth | 做……是一种特权/殊荣 | |
| donate | 捐赠 | |
| donate sth to... | 把……捐给…… | |
| donation | 捐赠；捐赠物 | |
| make a donation to | 向……捐赠 | |
| purchase | 买；购买 | |
| purchase sth from sb | 向某人购买 | |
| sew | 缝；缝合 | |
| sew sth up | 缝补 | |
| sewing machine | 缝纫机 | |
| distribute | 分配；分发 | |
| distribute sth to/among sth | 把……分给…… | |
| distribution | 分配；分发 | |
| operate | 工作；运转 | |
| operate on | 给……做手术 | |
| operation | 运行；手术 | |
| preparation | 准备；预备 | |
| make preparations for | 为……做准备 | |
| be in preparation | 在准备中 | |
| in preparation for | 为……做好准备 | |
| prepare | 为……准备 | |
| prepared | 准备好的 | |
| recommend | 推荐；建议 | |
| recommend sth to sb | 向某人推荐…… | |
| recommend sb as | 推荐某人为…… | |
| recommend sb to do sth | 建议某人做某事 | |
| recommend that sb (should) do | 建议…… | |
| recommendation | 推荐；介绍（信） | |
| substitute | 代替者；代用品。代替 | |
| substitute A for B | 用A代替B | |
| as a substitute | 作为代理人/代替品 | |
| requirement | 需求；要求 | |
| meet/satisfy/suit the requirements | 符合要求 | |
| acknowledge | 承认；确认 | |
| acknowledge doing sth | 承认做某事 | |
| acknowledge sb/sth as/to be | 承认……是…… | |
| It is generally acknowledged that... | 大家公认…… | |
| contradict | 反驳；驳斥 | |
| contradict oneself | 自相矛盾 | |
| contradictory | 矛盾的；对立的 | |
| contradiction | 矛盾；对立 | |
| routine | 常规；日常事务。通常的 | |
| a routine check/task/operation | 常规检查/任务/操作 | |
| routinely | 通常地 | |
| optional | 可选择的；随意的 | |
| option | 选择余地；供选择的东西 | |
| parallel | 平行的；相同的 | |
| be paraeel to | 与……平行 | |
| draw a parallel between | 比较；对照 | |
| abundant | 丰富的；充裕的 | |
| be abundant in=be rich in | 在……丰富 | |
| abundance | 丰富；大量 | |
| distinct | 清晰的；明显的 | |
| be distinct from | 与……不同 | |
| distinction | 差别；不同 | |
| elect | 选择；选举 | |
| elect sb as | 选举某人为…… | |
| elect to do sth | 决定做某事 | |
| boom | 繁荣 | |
| boom in | 在……繁荣 | |
| occur | 发生；出现 | |
| sth occurs to sb=sth stricts sb | 某人突然想起 | |
| occurrence | 事件；事故 | |
| indicate | 指示；标明 | |
| indicate sth to sb | 向某人表示某事 | |
| indication | 指示；表明 | |
| slip | 滑动；滑行 | |
| slip out | 无意说出 | |
| slip up | 疏忽 | |
| a slip of the tongue | 口误 | |
| hire | 租用；雇用 | |
| for/on hire | 出租 | |
| hire (oneself) out | 被雇用 | |
| nowhere | 无处；到处都无 | |
| nowhere to be seen/found/in sight | 哪儿也找不到/看不到 | |
| get/go nowhere | 毫无进展 | |
| nowhere/not anywhere near | 远离；远不如 | |
| grasp | 抓紧；抓住 | |
| grasp sb by the/arm/wrist/shoulders | 抓住某人的胳膊/手腕/肩膀 | |
| grasp the meaning/significance of sth | 理解……的意思 | |
| grasp at | 试图抓住 | |
| beyond/out one's grasp | 超出某人的能力 | |
| within/in one's grasp | 在某人的掌控中 | |
| differ | 不同；差异 | |
| differ from | 与……不同 | |
| differ in | 在……不同 | |
| differ with sb on/about/over sth | 与某人在某事上意见不同 | |
| undertake (undertook;undertook) | 着手；从事；承担 | |
| undertake a task/responsibility | 承担任务/责任 | |
| undertake to do sth | 同意/答应或着手做某事 | |
| undertake... for | 为……负责 | |
| cast(cast;cast) | 扔；投 | |
| cast aside | 把……丢在一旁 | |
| cast away | 放弃 | |
| cast off | 抛弃，脱掉 | |
| cast out | 驱逐 | |
| cast down | 使沮丧；使失望 | |
| obtain | 获得；赢得 | |
| forbid (forbad;forbidden) | 禁止；不准 | |
| forbid doing sth | 禁止做某事 | |
| forbid sb to do sth | 禁止某人做某事 | |
| forbidden | 禁止的 | |
| accumulate | 积累；聚积 | |
| accumulation | 积累；堆积 | |
| owe | 欠；归功于 | |
| owe sb/sth=owe sth to sb | 欠某人某物；……归功于某人 | |
| owe it to sb that | 把……归功于某人 | |
| owing to | 因为；由于 | |
| retire | 退休；离开 | |
| retire from | 从……退休/退役 | |
| retire as | 作为……退休 | |
| strike(struck;struck) | 打；撞击；罢工 | |
| strike... into one's heart | 使某人对……刻骨铭心 | |
| It stricks sb that | 某人突然想起…… | |
| be on strike | 罢工 | |
| sth stricks sb=sb strikes on sth | 某人突然想起 | |
| resist | 抵抗；对抗 | |
| can't/couldn't resist doing sth | 禁不住/忍不住做某事 | |
| resistance | 抵抗力；耐性 | |
| resistant | 不受伤害的；不受影响的 | |
| merely | 仅仅；只不过 | |
| reasonable | 合情理的；讲道理的 | |
| distinguish | 显示……的差异；辨别；使……有所不同 | |
| distinguish oneself | 展示自己；使自己出名 | |
| distinguish... from... | 使……有别于…… | |
| distinguish between | 分辨；区分 | |
| distinguished | 卓越的；杰出的 | |
| expectation | 预料；预期 | |
| come/live up to one's expectations | 不负众望 | |
| beyond/against expectation | 意料之外 | |
| in expection of | 期待；指望；预料 | |
| seize | 抓住；捉住 | |
| seize sb by the arm/hand | 抓住某人的胳膊/手 | |
| seize the chance/opportunity | 抓住机会 | |
| seize... by surprise | 突袭 | |
| seize on | 抓住/利用机会 | |
| valid | 有效的；确凿的 | |
| file | file away | 将……归档 |
| on file | 存档；在档 | |
| keep a file on | 保存关于……的档案 | |
| bear(bore;borne) | 忍受；仁爱 | |
| bear doing/to do sth | 忍受做某事 | |
| bear sth in mind | 牢记 | |
| bear responsibility/the blame | 承担责任/受责备 | |
| stable | 稳固的；稳定的 | |
| stably | 稳定地； | |
| stability | ||
| associate | 联想；联系。同伴 | |
| be associated with | 与……有关 | |
| association | 联系；关系 | |
| practical | 实际的；实践的 | |
| for all practical purposes | 实际上 | |
| practice/practise | 练习 | |
| competence | 能力；单人 | |
| competence for/as/in sth | ……的能力 | |
| competent | 有能力的 | |
| be competent at | 擅长；有能力做某事 | |
| plot | 情节；阴谋 | |
| hesitate | 犹豫；踌躇 | |
| hesitate to do sth | 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 | |
| hesitate about/over doing sth | 做某事犹豫不决 | |
| hesitation | 踌躇；犹豫 | |
| mistaken | 错误的 | |
| mistake | 误解 | |
| be mistaken about | 对……持错误的见解 | |
| mistake... for | 把……误认为…… | |
| classify | 分类；归类 | |
| classify... into | 把……分成 | |
| classify... as | 把……归类为…… | |
| classified | 分类的 | |
| classification | 分类；分级 | |
| remark | 谈论；言论；评论 | |
| remark on | 谈论；评论 | |
| make a remark/remarks on/about | 就……发表意见 | |
| remarkable | 非凡的；显著的 | |
| betray | 显露出；背叛 | |
| betray oneself | 露出本来面目 | |
| betray... to... | 向……泄漏/出卖 | |
| acquaintance | 相识；了解 | |
| make one's acquaintance=make the acquaintance of sb | 结识某人 | |
| have some/little/no acquaintance with | 和……有一些/很少/无了解 | |
| superior | 优秀的；上级的。长官 | |
| be superior to | 比……优越/更好 | |
| be inferior to | 低于；不如 | |
| rob | 抢劫；盗窃 | |
| rob sb of sth | 抢了某人的东西 | |
| robber | 强盗；盗贼 | |
| robbery | 抢劫；盗窃 | |
| compromise | 妥协 | |
| compromise with sb on sth | 与某人就某事达成和解 | |
| compromise one's principles/beliefs/ideals | 违背原则/放弃信仰/背弃理想 | |
| make/reach/come to/arrive at a compromise | 达成协议；妥协 | |
| overlook | 俯视；忽视 | |
| fade | 褪色；减弱 | |
| fade away | 消失；衰弱 | |
| fade out | 逐渐模糊 | |
| fade into | 在……逐渐消失 | |
| alternative | 可能的选择。供选择的；可选的 | |
| alternative energy | 替代能源 | |
| an alternative to | ……的替代品 | |
| have no alternative but to do sth | 别无选择只好做…… | |
| interrupt | 打断；打岔；暂时中断或中止 | |
| assume | 假定；设想 | |
| assume sb/sth to be... | 假定某人/某事是…… | |
| It is (generally) assumed that... | ……被（普遍）认为 | |
| assumed | 假定的；设想的 | |
| assuming | 假如。后接从句 | |
| assumption | 假定；设想（后可接that引导的同位语从句） | |
| significance | 意义；重要性 | |
| of great/little no significance | 重要/不重要 | |
| significant | 重大的；有意义的 | |
| scratch | 搔；抓；挠 | |
| stratch one's head | 挠头；伤脑筋 | |
| stratch a living | 勉强糊口 | |
| applaud | 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏 | |
| applaud sb/sth | 向……鼓掌表示欢迎/赞赏 | |
| applaud sb for sth | 因……赞赏某人 | |
| applause | 鼓掌；喝彩 | |
| win the applause of | 赢得……的张胜 | |
| accelerate | 加速；促进 | |
| acceleration | 加速；加快 | |
| accelerator | 油门；加速器 | |
| arrest | 逮捕；吸引 | |
| arrest sb for sth | 因……逮捕某人 | |
| disturbance | 干扰 | |
| reflection | 深思，仔细考虑的见解 | |
| specifically | 特定地 | |
| universally | 普遍地 | |
| exhibition | on exhibition | 展览中 |
| in addition | 除……之外 |
| stand for | 代表，象征；容忍 |
| deal with | 处理；涉及；交易 |
| be divided into | 被分成…… |
| not... any more | 不再 |
| out of date | 过时 |
| refer to | 指的是 |
| consist of | 由……组成 |
| compare with | 与……相比 |
| be impressed with | 留下深刻印象 |
| be similar to | 相似 |
| be bored/disappointed with | 对……失望 |
| be embarrassed at | 为……窘迫 |
| be excited about | |
| be amazed at/with | 对……吃惊 |
| be enthusiastic about/over for | 对……热情 |
| be influent in | 对……流利的 |
| make progress/mistakes | 取得进步/犯错 |
| make sure=ensure | 确保 |
| fall asleep | 睡着 |
| have problem with | 对……有问题 |
| date back to | 追溯到 |
| look back to | 回溯到 |
| ... + sb of sth | |
|---|---|
| warn | 警告某人某事 |
| inform | |
| rob | 抢夺 |
| accuse | 控告 |
| cheat | 骗取 |
| cure | 治好某人的病/坏习惯 |
| remind | 提醒 |
| in+抽象名词 (of)=v | |
|---|---|
| in vain | 徒劳 |
| in honor of | 敬佩… |
| in memory of | 纪念…… |
| in search of | 寻找 |
| in need of | 需要 |
| in favor of | 支持 |
| in spite of | 不管 |
| in case of | 以防万一 |
| in addition to | 除此之外 |
| in place of | 代替，取代 |
| in face of | 面临，尽管 |
| in terms of | 就……而言 |
| in celebration of | 为了庆祝 |
| in support of | 支持 |
| in charge of | 负责，看管 |
| in control of | 控制 |
| in consideration of | 考虑到 |
| to one's... | 令某人……的是 |
|---|---|
| regret | 遗憾 |
| surprise | 吃惊 |
| disappointment | 失望 |
| joy | 开心 |
| astonishment | 惊讶 |
block
块，堆
街区
阻塞 be blocked with snow
congratulation 祝贺，实际使用用复数
celebration 庆祝
anniversary 周年纪念
destroy 破坏程度最严重很难修复
damage 表面破坏可以修复。价值，用途降低或外表损坏
do/cause damage to 对...造成损害
ruin 破坏程度轻微，一般指抽象性破坏。
disaster 灾难，灾祸
伤害
hurt 精神或肉体的普通伤害，疼痛
wound 刀枪伤，特指战场上受的伤
injury 意外，精神或财产的损害，强调身体功能的缺失
situation 环境，情况
deal with dangerous situation
position 位置
From her position on the top of the mountain, she had a good view of the harbor.
condition 条件
state 情况，状态
in a poor state of health
break v 打破/n 间断，休息
She tossed off a letter during the 10-minute break. 她在10分子休息时很快地写了一封信
break down 出故障，失败，垮掉
break out 突然发生，爆发
break up 解散，结束，分手，放假。分手：break up with sb
permit 通常指上级，规则或法令等表示的特许，语气较重
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
allow 和permit接近，但往往含有默许之意，偏消极
admit 承认；允许进入
The ticket admits two people to the palace ball.
select 精心挑选
choose 运用判断力选择
pick 挑剔、苛刻地选择
jewel 珠宝，首饰，可数名词
jewelery(jewellery) 珠宝的总称，没有复数
值得
worth
be worth doing
worthy
worthy of sth
worthy of being done
worthy to be done
worthwhile
It is worthwhile to do sth
It's worth considering what makes "convenience" foods so popular, and introducing(引入) better ones of your own.
rise 不及物动词，不跟宾语。没有被动语态
The sun has risen.
raise 及物动词，必须加宾语
raise your hand.
arise 上升，问题出现
arise from：起源于
increaase 增强
They are waiting for pay increase.
What is the price of petrol these days?
Oh, it _ sharply since last month.
A. is raised
B. has risen
C. has arisen
D. is increased
标记
sign 符号，招牌，代表固定意义的符号或标记
signal 信号，交通灯或通信的指示，手势等，有声音，图像的可以用这个
symbol 记号或象征，尤其指用有形实物代表抽象的实体
mark 斑点，标记，刻度，为某一特定目的而做的标记或留下的痕迹
In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand up.
上课铃响了
事情
incident 大型事件，政治事件
event 重要事件，比赛，活动
thing/matter
accident 突发事件
affair 外交事件或公众关注的时间
burst 血管、球等破裂，或感情突然释放
burst into+n: burst into tears
burst out+doing
explode 炸弹等物体爆炸而释放大量热能的一瞬间
The grenade(手榴弹) just exploded.
erupt 主要指火山爆发
After listening to the joke, one minute she burst out laughing and the next she burst into tears.
earn 多用于金钱，荣誉等理应得到的东西
gain 多为经验，利益，又是，好处等
get 无限制
abandon： 放弃某物，不准备再要了
desert： 过去拥有或曾经很繁华，现在不是了
forsake 与某人某物脱离关系 give up/forsake smoking
dress 状态，be dressed in
put on 穿上
wear 状态：穿衣戴帽；戴着项链/眼镜；带着……表情
have on 强调状态， 一般不用现在分词和被动语态
gather：将分散的东西聚集起来，不强调目的性
collect：有计划，有选择性地收集
scene：情景，场面等，指小范围景色，大多包括景物中的人及活动，可数名词
scenery：景色，风景的总称，不可数名词
view：指一定的角度（高处或远处）看到的景色；观点，看法
sight：眼睛看到的景象，sights表示名胜古迹，人文景观等
method 方法，可数
the method of sth
way 可数
the way of sth/doing sth
means 可数不可数取决于修饰成分，单复数同形
means of sth/means of doing sth/means to do sth
suit 花色、款式适合，或与气质，身材相称；迎合
fit 尺寸，大小，形状合适
match 搭配合适，性质相符
request 有礼貌的请求，正式的请求
request sb to do sth
request that sb should do sth
require 要求所必须的东西，法律，协议，规章等客观要求
require sb to do sth
require that sb should do sth
require doing=require to be done
demand 主观要求，坚决或强烈要求
不能用demand sb to do sth，可以demand to do
demand that sb should do sth
尽管，虽然
though 句中，句首都可以
although 需要放在句首
| 反义词 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| common | 共同的，常见的 | rare | be lack of common sense 缺乏常识 |
| ordinary | 普通的，平凡的 | superior | an ordinary looking person 长相普通的人 |
| usual | 通常的，习惯的 | unusual | He arrived later that usual |
| normal | 正常的，常规的 | abnormal | normal temperature 正常的体温 |
| general | 总体上的 | specific | the general idea 大意，梗概 |
| support | 养活（不能用于动物） | She has a large family to support. |
| raise | 抚养人，饲养动物 | He raised the children himself after his wife died. |
| feed | 喂养，以……为食 | Foxes feed on small animals. |
| faith | 充满感情的信任，有证据或道理完全相信 | I have faith in his ability to succeed. |
| belief | 主观上的相信 | He has great belief in that doctor. |
| trust | 依赖，相信其可靠 | A good marriage is based on trust. |
That family no only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our _ in people.
A. belief and trust
B. faith and belief
C. faith and trust
D. belief and belief
有证据，不能用belief
| specific | 某种事物的唯一性，奇异性 |
| particular | 侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性 |
| especial | 尤其，特别 |
| special | 指与众不同，着重事物的专门性，目的性 |
| convey | 运送，转让 |
| transfer | 工作地点变换，住所、物体的转移，交通工具的变换 |
| transport | 运送 |
I can express myself fluently and _ my opinions clearly to the audience.
A. conduct 执行
B. consume 消费
C. convince 说服
D. convey 传达
| be made up of =be composed of |
由……组成 | |
| consist of | 不能用于被动语态和进行时 | |
| make up | 组成，构成，编造，化妆，弥补 | |
| make up for sth | 弥补 | |
| be made of | 由……组成（能看出原材料） | |
| be made from | 由……制成（看不出原材料） | |
| be made into | 制成……（原材料被制成成品） | |
| be made out of | 由……制成（大的东西被改成小的东西） |
| raise | 达到应有高度，升职 |
| boost | 数量或力量的提高和增加 |
| enhance | 在原有基础上增进价值，力量等 |
| grow | 体积，重量，长度，高度等增长 |
| glance at | 一瞥，扫视 |
| stare at | 盯着看 |
| glare at | 怒目而视 |
| advocate | 多指写文章或演讲等支持和拥护 |
| support | 精神或物质上支持 |
| sustain | 侧重连续不断的支持 |
| state | 情况，状态，一般不指具体事务 |
| situation | 危急或重大的事态，职位，职业 |
| circumstance | 某种事件或动作发生时的情况，人工制造的气氛 |
| environment | 自然环境 |
| estimate | 主观估计 |
| evaluate | 多用于人物评价 |
| value | 估计某物价值 |
| assess | 评估财产，收入，税款等 |
| equipment | 不可数名词，装备，设备。a piece of ~一件设备 |
| instrument | 可数名词，仪器，器具 |
| shake | 颤抖，摇摆，侧重剧烈和无规律 |
| tremble | 由于寒冷，虚弱，愤怒等而发抖 |
| vibrate | 振动，摆动 |
参加
attend 出席（婚礼，葬礼，上课等）
join 加入某个团体/组织，=become a member of
join in 参加某个活动
take part in/participate in 参加群体性活动，强调发挥了一定作用
offer 提供（有感情色彩）；出价；提议
offer sth to sb 给某人提供……
offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
Do you have any problems if you _ this job?
A. offer
B. will offer
C. are offered 主将从现
D. will be offered
provide 提供（没有感情色彩）
supply 长期供应
advice n.
advise v.
advise: 建议，劝告
advise=try to persuade
advise that sb (should) do sth
suggest:
suggest sb
suggest (doing) sth
suggest that sb (should) do sth. 只有意思为建议时用should虚拟语气。暗示，表名不用虚拟语气
persuade: 说服，劝服，强调结果
While shopping, people sometimes can't help being persuaded into bying something they don't really need.
购物时，人们有时会忍不住被劝说买了很多他们并不真的需要的东西。
another 三者或以上中的另一个，或在原来基础上增加一个
- 代词
- 形容词，后边可以跟名词
other(s) 没范围限制。除去一部分以后的另一些，但不是指剩下的全部
one... the other
the other 有范围限制。两个中的另一个
- 多个用the others
- the other+名词（多个用复数）
the other(s) 特定范围内出去一部分后剩余的全体
other, the other加了s只有代词用法，后边不能跟名词
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which of course, made the others envy(羡慕，嫉妒) him.
| refuse | 拒绝，不会动摇 |
| reject | 当面拒绝，或拒绝接收提议 |
| decline | 婉拒，谢绝 |
要求
request 有礼貌的/正式的请求
require 法律，规章等情况的客观要求
require doing=require to be done：需要被做某事
demand 主观要求，坚决或强烈要求
request/require sb do：要求某人做某事（demand不行）
~ that sb should do 都可表示虚拟语气
abandon：放弃某物，不再要了
desert：过去拥有或曾经繁华，现在不是了
forsake：与某人/某物脱离关系，背离。forsake smoking
| v | n |
|---|---|
| advise | advice |
| accept | acceptance |
| pass | pass |
| breathe | breath |
| bathe | bath |
| choose | choice |
| succeed | success |
Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A. remember
B. remind
C. recover
D. recall
A. remember记得，指事物不知不觉地在脑海中的闪现。；B. remind使想起，提醒；C. recover使恢复；D. recall回忆，多指有意识地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。句意：端午节相传起源于回忆屈原精神。故D正确。
I'm trying to break the _ of getting up too late.
A. tradition
B. convenience 方便，便利
C. habit
D. leisure 休闲
改掉晚起的习惯
The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.
A. access 通道，入口
B. passage 走廊，通道
C. way
D. approach 走进，达到
access to的意思是：接近或使用某物的机会或权利。
access：看见/使用信息/设备
passage：长通道
approach：接近
I can't say which wine is the best-it's a(n) _ of personal taste.
A. affair
B. event
C. matter
D. variety 多样，种类
He says that my new car is a _ of money.
-Don't you think those words are just sour grapes?
A. lack
B. load
C. question
D. waste
a waste of money 浪费钱
The WHO gave a warning to the public without any _ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay
B. effort n. 努力，成就
C. schedule
D. commerce 贸易，商业
I boutht a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.
A. exchange
B. bargain 讨价还价，便宜货
C. trade
D. business
bargain with sb about/over/for sth （和某人就某事）讨价还价
I love to buy a new dress at a _ at the Spring Festival.
A. discount
B. bargain
C. pay
D. cost
at a discout 在打折
Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.
A. respect
B. friendship
C. character 性格
D. selection
From their _ on the top of the Tv Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage 物态
B. position
C. condition 条件
D. situation 情况，形式
He is the rudest man I have ever met. Jane, his present secretary, is the only person who can _ him.
A. respect
B. stand 忍受
C. support
D. dislike
rude粗鲁
present secretary 现任秘书
stand for 代表；支持
stand by 袖手旁观
If you leave the club, you will not be _ back in.
A. received
B. admitted 承认；允许进入
C. frozen
D. moved
We are at your service. Don't _ to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A. beg
B. hesitate 犹豫
C. desire
D. seek
at your service 听候服务，随时效劳。
turn to 转向；求助于
beg to do
hesitate to do
has (no) desire for sth 对……（无）渴望
句意：如果有问题，别犹豫，直接求助我们
The policeman stopped him when hi was driving home and _ him of speeding.
A. charged 负责；收费
B. accused 控告
C. blamed 责备
D. deprived 剥夺，废除
take/in charge of 负责……
charge sb of 收某人……
blame sb for sth
deprive sb of sth
The loss has not yet been _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
A. calculated
B. considered
C. completed
D. controlled
损失还没被精确计算出来，但估计超过……
Mr Smith gradually _ a knowledge of the subject.
A. attained 达到
B. achieved 取得，获得
C. required
D. acquired 取得，获得，学到
Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ their kids from every kind of danger, real of imagined.
A. spot 地点，斑点；弄脏
B. dismiss 解散，开除，离开
C. shelter 庇护，庇护所
D. distinguish 区分，辨别
shelter sb from=protect sb from
distinguish A from B
The department is also deeply _ in various improvement schemes.
A. connected
B. included
C. involved
D. implied 暗示
be involved in 被卷入/牵扯
Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more _ to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problem.
A. skeptical
B. addicted
C. available
D. sensitive
skeptical to 怀疑
addicted to 沉迷
更敏感，更易陷入情绪和人际问题
In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _ recovering from his heart operation.
A. quietly 安静地
B. actually 实际上
C. practically 实际上
D. gradually
It is not socially _ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.
A. accessible 可通过/进入的
B. adorable 令人喜欢的
C. adaptable 可适应的
D. acceptable 可接受
这个年龄父母不照顾孩子不被社会允许
I'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a _ imagination.
A. clear
B. catious
C. funny
D. vivid 生动的
even as 正如，即使，甚至
John is very _-if he promises to do something he'll do it.
A. imdependent 独立的
B. confident
C. reliable 可靠的，可信赖的
D. flexible 灵活的
Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?
A. free
B. vacant 空白的
C. handy 便利的
D. convenient 方便
it is convenient for sb to do sth
本质：
- ing：现在分词，主动
- ed：过去分词，被动
| amazing | 令人吃惊的 | ||
| amazed | 吃惊的 | ||
| amusing | 搞笑的 | ||
| amazement | 吃惊 | ||
| amuse | 使发笑 | ||
| amused | 被逗笑的 | ||
| amuse oneself | 自娱自乐 | ||
| keep sb amused | 使某人快乐 | ||
| be amused at | 对……感到好笑 | ||
| amusement | 娱乐；消遣 | ||
| embarrassing | 令人尴尬的 | ||
| embarrassed | 尴尬的 | ||
| interesting | |||
| interested | |||
| relaxing | 放松的 | ||
| relaxed | 感到放松的 | ||
| boring | 无聊的 | ||
| bored | 感到无聊的 | ||
| disappoint | 使失望 | ||
| disappointing | 令人失望的 | ||
| disappointed | 失望的 | ||
| be disappointed in/with/at/by | 对……感到失望 | ||
| be disappointed to do sth | 失望地做某事 | ||
| disappointment | 失望；绝望 | ||
| to one's disappointment | 令……失望的 | ||
| exhaust | 用尽；耗尽 | ||
| exhausted | 疲惫的 | ||
| exausting | 令人疲惫不堪的 | ||
| exhaustion | 疲惫不堪 |
及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法
动词词义辨析
万能的助动词
| - | There is no doubt that... | 毫无疑问…… |
| - | be worth doing | 值得做某事（主动表被动） |
| - | other that | 除了 |
| or other | 更确切地说 | |
| - | think highly of | 高度评价；欣赏 |
| think much/well of | 器重，看重 | |
| think nothing of | 轻视 | |
| speak highly of | 高度评价，赞扬 | |
| speak well/ill of | 说……的好/坏话 | |
| - | freak out | 紧张而崩溃 |
| - | screw up | 搞砸了 |
| - | in the zone | 专心致志，在状态 |
| - | beat it | 走开 |
| - | find out | 查明，弄清 |
| - | That‘s why... That's the reason (why)... |
|
| - | as a result | 因此 |
| as a result of | 作为……的结果 | |
| - | cater to | 迎合 |
| - | appeal to | 呼吁；上诉；要求；对…有吸引力 |
| - | work out | 计算出（及物动词）；完成 锻炼身体（不及物动词） |
| figure out | 计算出 | |
| work around | 对付，处理 | |
| work as | 任……工作 | |
| work oneself into =get used to a job |
使自己习惯某项工作 | |
| - | try out | 试验 |
| find out | 找到；发现 | |
| give out | 分发；用完 | |
| hand out | 分发 | |
| run out | 用完 | |
| - | give away | 捐赠；泄漏 |
| give up | 放弃 | |
| give in (to...) | 向……屈服 | |
| - | lean up against | 靠在 |
| keep up | 保持，继续 | |
| make up | 组成，化妆 | |
| set up | 建立 | |
| add up | 加起来 | |
| catch up | 赶上 | |
| bring up | 抚养 | |
| pick up | 拾起，偶然学到 | |
| grow up | 成长 | |
| hold up | 举起，承受 | |
| take up | 拿起，占据 | |
| eat up | 吃光 | |
| sweet up | 打扫 | |
| break up | 打碎，拆散 | |
| clean up | 彻底打扫 | |
| throw up | 呕吐 | |
| - | sth happen to sb | 某人发生了什么事 |
| - | ask for | 关于，至于 |
| ask to/for in/with regard to with respect to in terms of Concerning/Regarding that... |
关于，至于，谈到……，就……而言 | |
| - | in time =finally/eventually |
最终，迟早 |
| in time | 及时 | |
| in no time | 立刻 | |
| on time | 蠢事 | |
| at no time | 决不（位于句首，引起部分倒装） | |
| ahead of time | 提前（部分倒装） | |
| all the time | 一直 | |
| at any time | 在任何时候 | |
| at a time | 一次，每次 | |
| at one time | 曾经，同时 | |
| at the same time | 同时 | |
| from time to time | 时不时地，偶尔 | |
| take one's time | 从容不迫，不着急 | |
| as time goes on | 随着时间的推移 | |
| at times | 有时 | |
| by that time | 截止那时 | |
| - | make it possible for sb to do sth | 使某人做某事成为可能 |
| - | all sorts of =all kind of |
|
| - | get the hang of sth | 找到……的诀窍，理解 |
| - | rather than | 与其，不愿，而不是 |
| rather than A,B | 与其A，不如B | |
| I think Jack, rather than you, is to be blame. | 我认为该受责备的是杰克，而不是你。 | |
| prefer to do, rather than do | ||
| would rather do | 宁可做…… | |
| would rather have done | 宁愿做过…… | |
| would rather + that从句（虚拟语气） | ||
| - | other than | 除了 |
| or rather | 或者更确切地说 | |
| more than | ||
| less than | ||
| - | as far（形容词原型） as | 远及，一直到 |
| as far as sb/sth is concerned | 就某人/事而言 | |
| as/so far as I know... | 据我所知…… | |
| as far as it goes | 就其本身而言 | |
| as far/so far | 到目前为止 | |
| - | used to do | 过去常常做某事 |
| be/get used to doing | 习惯于做某事 | |
| - | give a way to | 给……让路 |
| - | long before | 很久以前（一般用于过去完成时） |
| - | before long | 不久之后（可以指过去、将来的时间） |
| - | come into being exist/from |
形成，产生（无被动语态） |
| come into fashion | 开始流行 | |
| come into existence | 开始存在 | |
| come into power | 当权，上台 | |
| come into action | 开始行动 | |
| come into effect | 生肖 | |
| come into consideration | 开始考虑 | |
| come into use | 开始被使用 | |
| - | be up sb to do sth | 从事，由……决定 |
| - | If only | 如果……多好（虚拟语气） |
| - | to be honest | 说实在的 |
| to be frank | 坦率地说，老实说 | |
| to be exact | 精确地说 | |
| to tell you the truth | 实话告诉你 | |
| to begin with | 首先，起初 | |
| - | rely on depend/count on look up to |
依靠，依赖 |
| - | about all | 最重要的是 |
| - | would like to do/want to do | 想要做…… |
| You'd better do sth | 你最好做…… | |
| You should/are supposed to | 你应该 | |
| What would you say to...? | 你觉得……怎么样？ | |
| You might as well... | 你不妨……（固定搭配，might不能换成may） | |
| I'd like to suggest that you (should) do... | 我建议你应该…… | |
| - | be good at | |
| be similar to | 和……相似 | |
| be bored/disappointed with | ||
| be embarrassed at | 对……很窘迫/尴尬 | |
| be excited about | 对……兴奋，激动 | |
| be amazed at/with | 对……吃惊 | |
| be enthusiastic about/over/for | 对……热心 | |
| be influent in | 对……流利的 | |
| - | in memory of | 为了纪念 |
| in honour of | 向……表示敬意 | |
| in search of | 寻找 | |
| in need of | 需要 | |
| in favor of | 支持，赞成 | |
| in spite of | 不管 | |
| in case of | 以防万一 | |
| in place of | 代替，取代 | |
| in face of | 面临，尽管 | |
| in terms of | 就……而言 | |
| in celebration of | 为了庆祝 | |
| in support of | 支持 | |
| in charge of | 负责，看官 | |
| in control of | 控制 | |
| in consideration of | 考虑到 | |
| - | be covered with | 被……覆盖 |
| - | let/make/have/get/leave | 使某人做某事 |
| - | keep one's word | 守信用 |
| - | apologize to sb for sth | 因……向某人道歉 |
| - | It is universally acknowledge that It is well known that... As it known to all,.. |
众所周知 |
| - | build up | 逐渐增加 建立 增强（体质） 吹捧 |
| - | in addition =as well |
此外，用作副词 |
| in addition to | 介词短语，后接名词或代词等作为宾语 | |
| - | worn-out | 破烂的（衣服），精疲力尽的 |
| - | pick up | 偶然学到 精神焕发 天气好转 |
| pick sth up | 挑选出 | |
| pick sb up | 中途载某人 | |
| - | make up | 编造 组成 弥补 化妆 |
| - | think of | 考虑，想起，评价 |
| think highly of | 对……高度评价 | |
| What do you think of...? =How do you like...? |
||
| - | should have done | 本应该做而没做，有责备语气 |
| - | for the first time | 做状语 |
| the first time | 做连词，引导时间状语从句，多用于句中 | |
| - | in general | 总的来说 |
| - | up and down | 上上下下，到处 |
| here and there | 到处 | |
| sooner or later | 迟早 | |
| back and forth | 前后 | |
| right and left | 左右 | |
| far and near | 远近 | |
| - | how about doing/n...? =what about doing/n...? |
怎么样？ |
| - | be to rent | 被出租 |
| - | in defense of sb | 为……辩护 |
| - | put (sb/sth) forward | 提出，推荐，提前 |
| - | make sense | 说得通 |
| make no sense | 说不通，没道理 | |
| a sense of humor | 幽默感 | |
| make sense of sth | 明白，理解 | |
| in a sense =to a degree |
从某种意义上说 | |
| in no sense =on no account |
绝不 | |
| There's no sense in doing sth | 做……事没有道理的 | |
| - | result in | 导致，造成 |
| result from | 由……造成 | |
| bring about | 导致，造成 | |
| - | slow motion | 慢动作 |
| - | Have you remembered nothing? | 难道你们都忘记了吗？ |
| - | strike out | 失败 |
| be stuck/trapped in | 困于，陷入 | |
| be stuck with | 陷入困境，被……拖累 | |
| be struck on sb | 迷上某人 | |
| - | upper hand=whip hand | 优势，上风 |
| have the upper hand =have power and control over |
掌控局面，掌管某人 | |
| - | to their credit | 值得赞扬的是 |
| - | It is pity | 很遗憾 |
| - | have sth done | 让某事被某人做 |
| have sth to do | 有事要做（自己做） | |
| have sb do sth | 让某人做某事 | |
| - | be worry about | 焦虑/担心…… |
| - | previous to sth | 在……之前 |
| - | speed up/slow down | 加速/减速 |
| at a speed of | 以……速度 | |
| at high/low speed | ||
| pick up speed | 逐渐加快速度 | |
| - | once in a while | 有时，偶尔 |
| - | depend on count on rely on |
依靠，取决于 |
| That depends./ It all depends. | 视情况而定。 | |
| - | rein sb in | 控制，约束 |
| - | on the grounds | 由于……的原因 |
| on the ground | 在地上，当场 | |
| - | get burnt/injured | 受伤/烧伤 |
| get hurt | 受伤了 | |
| get paid | 拿工资 | |
| get married | 结婚 | |
| get lost | 迷路 | |
| get caught in | 陷入/遭到 | |
| - | in place | 在适当的位置 |
| be in/out of order | 有条理/无条理 | |
| be in/out of control | 正常/时空 | |
| be in/out of danger | ||
| in place of =take the place of |
代替 | |
| give place to | 为……取代；让位于 | |
| - | get to do | 开始做某事 |
| - | It is what I was born with | 这是我与生俱来的秉性 |
| - | I do believe you. She does study hard now. |
do：强调，看时态 |
| - | have an influence/effect/impact on sb/sth | 对……有影响 |
| - | a great deal | 许多，大量（修饰不可数名词） |
| - | be allergic to | 对……过敏/讨厌 |
| be sensitive to | 对……敏感 | |
| - | hit sb on the head | 打他的头 |
| hold him by the hand | 握住他的手 | |
| - | work out | 做出，计算出 |
| - | shut out | 排斥，拒之门外 |
| - | take it easy | 轻松，放松 |
| take one's time | 不着急，慢慢来 | |
| take sb wrong | 误解，曲解某人的意思 | |
| take sth seriously | 认真对待某事 | |
| take sth for granted | 认为……想当然 | |
| - | run out of use up |
用完 |
| - | survive/live/feed on | 靠……活下来 |
| be fed up with be tired of be sick of |
对……厌倦 | |
| - | At each other's throats | 互相争吵 |
| - | take sb off sth | 解除，撤掉 |
| - | be due to | 跟……有关 |
| subscribe to =agree to do =be for sth =be in favor of |
同意做某事 | |
| - | on the whole | 总的来说，大体上 |
| - | on behalf of | 代表 |
| on behalf of sb =in behalf of =in one's behalf |
帮助，代表 | |
| - | I'm going to have you out of this in a second | 我马上放你出来 |
| be in/out of order | 有/无条理 | |
| be in/out of control | 正常/失控 | |
| be in/out of danger | 有/脱离危险 | |
| - | get rid of | 除去，摆脱 |
| get away from | 避免，摆脱 | |
| - | it's no use doing | 做某事没用 |
| it's no good doing | ||
| it's no help doing | ||
| - | an active volcano | 活火山 |
| a dormant volcano | 休眠火山 | |
| an extinct volcano | 死火山 | |
| - | Not that I can recall. | 我认为不是这样 我真不记得了 |
| Not that I know fo | 据我所知不是这样的 | |
| Not that it would solve the problem | 并不是这样就会解决问题 | |
| - | beat to/on the punch | 抢占先机，先发制人 |
| - | That's big of you | 你心真好啊 |
| big of you | 你太好/慷慨了 | |
| - | in short | 简而言之 |
| - | be jealous of sb envy sb |
嫉妒某人 |
| green-eyed | 嫉妒，羡慕 | |
| - | only to do sth | 出乎意料的结果 |
| only doing sth | 水到渠成 |
| - | face to face | 面对面 | |
| arm in arm | 手臂挽手臂 | ||
| hand in hand | 手拉手地 | ||
| side by side | 肩并肩地、并排的 | ||
| back to back | 背靠背的 | ||
| side by side shoulder to shoulder |
肩并肩 | ||
| - | no longer/not ... any longer | 不再 | |
| get/be tired of | 对...厌烦 | ||
| be tired from/with | 因...疲劳 | ||
| tire sb. out | 使某人极度疲劳 | ||
| - | get along (well) with | 相处，进展 | |
| get along | 前进，进展 | ||
| get away from | 从...离开 | ||
| get down to | 开始认真做... | ||
| get over | 克服，战胜 | ||
| - | play a part in | 扮演一个角色 | |
| believe it or not | 信不信由你 | ||
| generally speaking | 一般说来 | ||
| as a matter of face | 实际上 | ||
| on the contrary | 相反地 | ||
| even if/though | 即使 | ||
| the number of | ...的数量 | ||
| a number of | 大量的... | ||
| ever since | 自从；从...以后 | ||
| be fond of | 喜爱；喜欢 | ||
| care about | 关心 | ||
| care for | 喜欢，注意 | ||
| - | right away | 马上 | |
| at once/immediately/right off | |||
| - | at the end | 结束，终结 | |
| come to an end | 结束 | ||
| put an end to | 结束；使终止 | ||
| bring... to an end | 把...结束 | ||
| - | a stage where... | ...的阶段 | |
| - | in turn | 轮流；依次 | |
| at war | 处于交战状态 | ||
| go to war | 交战 | ||
| declare war on/against | 向...宣战 | ||
| take apart | 拆开 | ||
| - | think highly of | 看重；器重 | |
| be highly thought of | 被动形式 | ||
| - | as well | 也，还 | |
| - | one after another | 陆续的；一个接一个的 | |
| one another | 互相 | ||
| - | as a result | 结果 | |
| - | with the help of | 在...的帮助下 | |
| as time went by | 随着时间的推移 | As time went by, I grow older. | |
| - | in danger of | 在危险中 | |
| out of danger | |||
| put... in danger | 使...处于危险中 | ||
| - | pay attention to | 注意 | |
| bring sth. to sb's attention | 引起...的注意 | ||
| turn one's attention to | 把注意力转移到.. | ||
| catch/attract/draw one's attention | 引起某人的注意 | ||
| - | come into being | 形成；产生 | |
| - | to be honest | 说实话 | To be honest, it doesn't appeal to me much. 说实话，它对我吸引力不大 |
| - | in cash | 用现金 | |
| by credit card | 用信用卡 | ||
| - | sort out | 分类 | |
| sort of | 有那么点... | ||
| all sorts of | 各种各样的 | ||
| - | above all | 首先 | |
| after all | 毕竟 | ||
| at all | 根本 | ||
| in all | 总计 | ||
| all in all | 总而言之 | ||
| first of all | 首先 | ||
| - | take place | 发生 | |
| take the place of | 代替；取代 | ||
| take one's place | 就座；代替某人的位置 | ||
| - | in memory of | 纪念；追念 | |
| - | have fun with | 玩的开心 | |
| for fun=just for the fun of it | 为了高兴；为了好玩 | ||
| in fun | 开玩笑的 | ||
| make fun of | 取笑 | ||
| - | keep one's word | 守信用；履行诺言 | |
| break one's worl | 失信；不遵守诺言 | ||
| eat/swallow one's words | 收回前言；为说错话道歉 | ||
| weigh one's words | 推敲；说话前仔细考虑 | ||
| - | lose weight | 减肥 | |
| put on weight=gain weight | 增加体重；长胖 | ||
| by weight | 按重量计算 | ||
| in weight | 在重量方面 | ||
| - | by accident | 偶然；不小心 | |
| by mistake | 错误地 | ||
| on purpose | 故意地 | ||
| by design | 故意地 | ||
| - | stare of | 盯着看；凝视 | |
| - | take a chance=take chances=take one's chance=take a risk | 冒险 | |
| have a chance to do sth/of doing sth | 冒险做... | ||
| There is a chance that | 有机会做... | ||
| The chances are that | 可能... | ||
| - | as for/to | 关于；至于 | |
| - | give birth to | 产生；分娩 | |
| at birth | 出生时 | ||
| by birth | 生来；天生 | ||
| - | prevent... from | 阻止；制止 | |
| stop/block/keep sb from doing sth | 阻止某人做某事 | ||
| protect sb from (doing) sth | 保护某人免受..……的伤害 | ||
| - | now that | 既然，因为 | |
| In that/seeing that/considering that | 因为 | ||
| - | watch out for | 密切注意；当心 | |
| look out for=look out | 当心，小心 | ||
| take care(=be careful) | 小心 | ||
| - | ... make it possible to do sth | 使做某事成为可能 | This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for the life to develop. 这产生了一系列连锁反应，使得生命发展成为可能 |
| - | manage to do =succeed in doing | 设法做 | |
| manage with | 用……对付过去 | ||
| manage without | 在没有……的情况下继续下去 | ||
| - | have a gift for | 有……天赋 | |
| - | be equipped with | 装备；配备；安装 | |
| be armed with | 配备；提供 | ||
| be furnished wit | 用家具配备 | ||
| be decorated with | 用……装饰 | ||
| - | It hits sb how... | 某人突然想到…… | Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 我突然想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医有多难 |
| - | thanks to | 幸亏；由于 | |
| because of | 因为 | ||
| due to | 由于 | ||
| owing to | 由于；归功于 | ||
| on account of | 由于 | ||
| as a result | 由于 | ||
| - | be satisfied with | 对……感到满意 | |
| be content with | 对……满足 | ||
| - | end/result in failure | 以失败告终 | |
| fail in | 在……失败 | ||
| fail to do | 不能做某事 | ||
| - | up to now | 直到现在 | |
| - | badly off | 穷的；缺少的 | |
| well off-better off | 富有的-更富有的 | ||
| badly off-worse off | 贫穷的-更贫穷的 | ||
| - | cut off | 切断；断绝 | |
| - | pick out | 挑出；辨别出 | |
| - | star in | 担任主角；主演 | |
| play/take a part/role in | 在……扮演角色 | ||
| play/take a part/role of | 扮演……的角色 | ||
| - | in gereral | 总的来说，通常 | |
| generally speaking | 一般来说 | ||
| as a general rule | 一般说来 | ||
| in a gererally way | 一般地 | ||
| - | lose face | 丢脸 | |
| look in the face | 面对 | ||
| save one's face | 挽回面子 | ||
| show one's face | 露面 | ||
| make a face/faces | 做鬼脸 | ||
| - | turn one's back to | 背对 | |
| turn one's hand to | 试着；着手 | ||
| turn one's nose up at | 瞧不起，轻视 | ||
| turn a deaf ear to | 置若罔闻 | ||
| turn one's eyes backward on | 回顾 | ||
| - | be famous for | 以……闻名（原因） | |
| be famous as | 作为……出名（身份或产地） | ||
| - | be modelled after | 根据……模仿；仿造 | |
| - | get close to | 接近 | |
| close to | 靠近 | ||
| as close as lips to teeth | 唇齿相依 | ||
| - | come to life | 活跃起来 | |
| all one's life | 一生，一辈子 | ||
| between life and death | 生命垂危 | ||
| bring to life | 使苏醒 | ||
| turn to life | 逼真的 | ||
| - | no wonder =It is no wonder that | 难怪…… | |
| - | link... to | 将……和……联系起来 | |
| join... to... | 把……与……连接 | ||
| connect... to... | 把……与……连接 | ||
| connect... with... | ……与……相联系 | ||
| - | apart from | 除了……之外；此外 | |
| - | (be) strict with... | 对……严格 | |
| be strict in/about sth | 对某事严格 | ||
| keep a strict hand over | 严格管教 | ||
| - | make sense | 讲得通 | |
| in a sense | 在某一方面 | ||
| in no sense | 绝不 | ||
| - | divide... into... | 把……分成 | |
| diide A by B | 用B除A | ||
| divide between | 在……间分配 | ||
| divide sth in half/into halves | 把……分成两半 | ||
| - | break away (from) | 挣脱；脱离 | |
| get away from | 离开；逃跑 | ||
| run away from | 逃跑 | ||
| - | leave out | 省去；遗漏 | |
| - | take the place of | 代替 | |
| take place | 发生；举行 | ||
| in place | 在适当的位置；合适的 | ||
| in place of | 代替；取代 | ||
| in one's place | 代替 | ||
| - | be back on one's feet | 恢复；复原 | |
| - | lose sight of | 看不见 | |
| - | depend on | 依赖；依靠 | |
| depend on sb/sth for sth | 依靠……获得…… | ||
| depend on sb to do sth | 依靠……做某事 | ||
| so as to (do sth) | 为了（做） | ||
| so as not to do sth | 为了不…… | ||
| - | ahead of | 在……前面 | |
| - | be to do sth | 将要做某事 | |
| - | (There is)No need for sth | 没必要做某事 | |
| No need for a camera | 不需要带照相机 | ||
| had a case where... | 有……的情况 | ||
| - | blame sb for sth | 因某事责备某人 | |
| charge sb with sth | 因某事指控某人 | ||
| concentrate on sth=focus on | 集中尽力做某事 | | concentrate one's mind/attention/energy on 把心思/注意力/精神集中于…… | |
| - | fall ill | 生病 | |
| fall asleep | 睡着；入睡 | ||
| fall behind | 落后 | ||
| fall apart | 土崩瓦解；崩溃 | ||
| fall down | 倒下；跌倒 | ||
| fall off | 下降；跌落 | ||
| fall over | 跌倒 | ||
| - | over and over again | 反复；多次 | |
| once again | 再次 | ||
| over and over | 反复地 | ||
| again and again | 反复地 | ||
| time after time | 多次 | ||
| time and again=time and time again | 多次；一再地 | ||
| - | in place | 在适当的位置；适当 | |
| put one's hands on | 找到 | ||
| lay hands on | 找到；得到 | ||
| put one's hands | 着手做 | ||
| - | make a difference | 区别对待；有影响 | |
| make no difference | 没有影响 | ||
| make some difference | 有些影响 | ||
| - | on the other hand | 另一方面 | |
| - | appeal to | 有吸引力；使感兴趣 | |
| appeal to sb to do sth | 呼吁；恳求某人做某事 | ||
| appeal to sb for sth | 向某人呼吁某事 | ||
| appeal to the law | 诉诸法律 | ||
| - | take it easy | 轻松；从容 | |
| run out of | 用完 | ||
| - | be made up of | 由……构成 | |
| - | in particular | 尤其；特别 | |
| - | try out | 测试；试验 | |
| try on | 试穿 | ||
| try out for | 报名参加；参加选拔 | ||
| try for | 力图获得；赢得 | ||
| - | let out | 发出；放走 | |
| let alone | 更不用说；更谈不上 | ||
| let sb/sth alone | 不管；别打扰别人 | ||
| let sb down | 让……失望 | ||
| let sb/sth in | 让……进来 | ||
| - | feel like (doing) | 想要（做）…… | |
| - | take risks/a risk | 冒险 | |
| take/run a risk/risks | 冒风险 | ||
| at risk | 处境危险 | ||
| at the risk of | 冒……的风险 | ||
| at one's own risk | 由自己负责；自担风险 | ||
| risk doing sth | 冒险做…… | ||
| risk one's life to do sth | 冒着生命危险做…… | ||
| - | get into | 陷入；染上 | |
| get across | 使明白；使理解 | ||
| get along/on (with) | 进展；相处 | ||
| get through | 穿越；完成 | ||
| get over | 克服 | ||
| get away from... | 摆脱；逃离 | ||
| get down to sth/doing sth | 开始认真做某事 | ||
| - | keep on | 继续 | |
| - | on the whole | 大体上；基本上 | |
| - | on behalf | 代表……的地方；作为……的代言人 | |
| - | put up with | 忍受；容忍 | |
| - | so long as | 只要 | |
| - | and so on | 等等 | |
| - | result in | 导致 | |
| result from | 由……造成 | ||
| as a result | 因此；结果 | ||
| as a result of | 由于……的原因 | ||
| - | make one's way | 前往 | |
| - | in other words | 换句话说 | |
| in word | 口头上 | ||
| in words | 用语言 | ||
| in a/one word | 总之；总而言之 | ||
| in word and in deed | 在言语上和行动上 | ||
| - | out of breath | 上气不接下气 | |
| take a deep breath | 深呼吸 | ||
| hold one's breath | 屏息 | ||
| lose one's breath | 喘不过气来 | ||
| - | all in all | 总而言之 | |
| above all | 首要的；最重要的 | ||
| after all | 毕竟；终于 | ||
| at all | 根本；到底 | ||
| in all | 总共 | ||
| for all | 尽管 | ||
| first of all | 首先 | ||
| as well as | 和；也 | ||
| - | in many ways | 在很多方面 | |
| in a way/in one way/in some ways | 在某种程度上 | ||
| in no way | 绝不 | ||
| be way of | 经由 | ||
| make one's way | 前进 | ||
| - | make fun of | 取笑 | |
| play a trick on sb | 捉弄某人 | ||
| play a joke on sb | 戏弄某人 | ||
| laugh at sb | 取笑某人 | ||
| - | never mind | 不必担心 | |
| - | all the best | 一切顺利 | |
| do one's best | 竭尽全力 | ||
| make the best of | 最有效利用 | ||
| best of all | 尤其；特别 | ||
| - | meet with | 遇到；经历 | |
| meet up | 偶然遇到 | ||
| - | come across | 偶遇 | |
| - | run into | 偶尔遇到；碰到 | |
| - | test out | 考验出；检验完 | |
| test for | 为……测试 | ||
| test on | 测试 | ||
| - | ring up | 给……打电话 | |
| ring back | 回电 | ||
| ring off | 挂断 | ||
| ring round | 四处打电话给某人 | ||
| - | turn around | 转身 | |
| - | set aside | 把……放在一边 | |
| - | leave... alone | 不管；别惹 | |
| leave out | 省去 | ||
| leave behind | 留下；忘记带 | ||
| leave for | 动身去某地 | ||
| leave off | 中断 | ||
| leave over | 剩下 | ||
| - | upside down | 上下翻转 | |
| turn sth upside down | 把某物翻得乱七八糟 | ||
| - | hear from sb | 接到……的信 | |
| hear about | 听说…… | ||
| hear of | 听说；听到 | ||
| hear sb do | 听见……做了…… | ||
| hear sb doing | 听见……正在做…… | ||
| - | (be) dying to | 渴望 | |
| be dying for sth | 渴望得到…… | ||
| - | the other day | 不久前的一天 | |
| every other day | 每隔一天 | ||
| another day | 另一天 | ||
| - | dry up | 干涸 | |
| in need | 在困难/危及中 | ||
| - | keep it up | 保持优秀成绩；继续干 | |
| - | fit in | 相适应 | |
| fit in with | 与……适应 | ||
| keep fit | 保持健康 | ||
| be fit for/to do sth | 适合做某事 | ||
| - | as far as one is concerned | 就……而言 | |
| as far as | 就…… | ||
| - | day in and day out | 日复一日 | |
| day and night=night and day | 日日夜夜 | ||
| day after day | 日复一日 | ||
| day by day | 一天天地 | ||
| - | out of the question | 不可能的 | |
| out of question | 没问题；办得到 | ||
| - | without question | 毫无疑问 | |
| - | settle in | 安顿下来 | |
| settle down | 定居 | ||
| settle sb down | 使某人安静下来 | ||
| settle down to | 按下心来做某事 | ||
| settle on | 选定 | ||
| - | live on | 继续存在 | |
| make a life | 习惯于新的生活 | ||
| - | apply form | 申请；请示 | |
| apply to sb for sth | 向……申请 | ||
| apply to sb | 适用于某人 | ||
| apply oneself to (doing) sth | 专注于（做） | ||
| - | pay off | 得到好结果；取得成功 | |
| pay for | 为……付钱/付出 | ||
| pay back | 还钱；偿还 | ||
| - | in favour of | 赞成；支持 | |
| in sb's favour | 对某人有利 | ||
| owe sb a favour | 欠某人情 | ||
| do sb a favour | 帮某人的忙 | ||
| - | (be) bound to (do) | 一定或注定（做） | |
| be bound up in | 专注于/忙于…… | ||
| be bound up with | 与……密切相关 | ||
| bring back to life | 使复生；使复活 | ||
| - | in vain | 白费力气；枉费心机 | |
| - | in good/poor condition | 状况很好/很坏 | |
| out of condition | 有病；身体不适 | ||
| on no condition | 绝不 | ||
| on condition that | 条件是…… | ||
| in a serious/critical condition | 情况危急 | ||
| - | dive into | 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 | |
| dive in | 跳入水中；热切做某事 | ||
| dive off | 从高处跳入水中 | ||
| - | set out (to do) | 开始（做） | |
| set about (doing) sth | 开始着手做某事 | ||
| set off | 出发；动身 | ||
| - | hang on | 稍等；不挂断 | |
| hang back | 退缩 | ||
| hang up | 挂起；挂断电话 | ||
| hang about | 拖延；闲逛 | ||
| hang out | 常去某处 | ||
| - | out of order | 次序颠倒；发生故障 | |
| in order | 整齐；状况良好 | ||
| - | get through | 设法联系上；做完；通过 | |
| - | ring off | 挂断电话 | |
| ring up/call up | 打电话 | ||
| call/ring back | 回复电话 | ||
| give sb a ring/call | 给某人打电话 | ||
| hang on/hold on | 等一会儿；不挂断电话 | ||
| answer the phone | 接电话 | ||
| - | pass... of as... | 改变或冒充成…… | |
| pass off | 逐渐消失；发生 | ||
| pass... on to | 把……传给 | ||
| pass away | 死亡；去世 | ||
| pass by | 经过；通过 | ||
| pass down | 传给后代；传下来 | ||
| pass on | 传给；传递 | ||
| pass through | 经过；路过 | ||
| - | generally speaking | 一般来说 | |
| roughly speaking | 粗略地说 | ||
| honestly speaking | 诚实地说 | ||
| strictly speaking | 严格地说 | ||
| broadly speaking | 广义地说 | ||
| narrowly speaking | 狭义地说 | ||
| frankly speaking | 坦率地说 | ||
| - | in terms of | 就……来说；从……角度 | |
| - | show... in | 带进来；领进来 | |
| show sb out | 把……领出去 | ||
| show sb about/around | 领某人参观 | ||
| show up | 出席；到场 | ||
| show off | 炫耀 | ||
| show sb to the door | 送某人到门口 | ||
| - | regardless of | 不管；不顾 | |
| - | at most | 最多 | |
| at least | 至少 | ||
| - | cut up | 切碎 | |
| cut across | 抄近路 | ||
| cut away | 切掉；剪掉 | ||
| cut down (on) | 削减；减少 | ||
| cut in/into | 打断；插话 | ||
| cut off | 切断；断绝 | ||
| cut out | 剪去；删去 | ||
| - | look ahead | 向前看；为将来打算 | |
| - | date back (to...) | 追溯到；始于 | |
| date back to= date from | |||
| - | out of date | 过时的；陈旧的 | |
| to date | 到目前为止 | ||
| up to date | 最新式的 | ||
| have the day off | 休息；休假 | ||
| even if/though | 即使 | ||
| at present | 目前，现在 | ||
| the best way of doing sth=the best way to do sth | |||
| can hardly/can't wait to do... | 迫不及待做…… | We couldn't wait to go home. | |
| - | be similar to | 跟……相似 | |
| - | allow sb to do sth/allow sb's doing | 允许某人做某事 | |
| - | have sb do sth | 让/请某人做某事 | |
| have sth done | 某事被做；早于；经历 | ||
| have sth to do | 有事要做（自己来做） | ||
| - | as usual | 和往常一样 | |
| - | think little/nothing of | 不重视，不在意 | |
| think highly/well of | 对……评价很高 | ||
| think badly of | 对……评价很差，歧视 | ||
| - | as if/though | 好像，仿佛 | |
| - | be mean to sb | 对……苛刻/刻薄 | |
| - | be out of work | 失业 | |
| - | blow up | 爆炸，发怒 | |
| - | devote to | 致力于…… | |
| devote sth to doing sth =sb be devoted doing sth |
把……投入到做某事 | ||
| smirk at | 傻笑 | ||
| do with/deal with | 处理 | ||
| belong to | 属于，无被动语态，不用于进行时 受欢迎，获胜 加入，是……的一员 |
||
| - | in return (for) | 作为……的回报/回赠 | |
| in turn | 轮流；反而 | ||
| in all | 总之 | ||
| all in all | 总而言之 | ||
| in fact as a matter of fact |
实际上，事实上 | ||
| in short | 简而言之 | ||
| - | be afraid to do | 害怕…… | |
| be supposed to do | 被要求干什么 | ||
| be terrified to do sth | 害怕做某事 | ||
| - | drop off | 放下，送货 | |
| drop sth off | 减少，下跌；打瞌睡，睡着 | ||
| - | sit still | 一动不动坐着 | |
| sit alone | 独自坐着 | ||
| sit around | 闲坐 | ||
| sit straight | 笔直地坐着 | ||
| - | feel down | 情绪低落 | |
| - | to ones' surprise | 令某人惊讶的是 | |
| to one's excitement | 令某人兴奋的是 | ||
| - | inquire about | 询问…… | |
| quarrel about | 吵架…… | ||
| - | get hold of | 找来 | |
| - | take charge of | 控制 | |
| - | speed off | 迅速离开 | |
| step forward | 主动站出来 | ||
| - | show up | 出现 | |
| - | chat with | 和……聊天 | |
| - | look down on | 瞧不起 | |
| - | skip off | 突然溜走 | |
| - | be fond of (doing) sth | 喜欢（做）某事 | |
| - | track sb down | 追踪某人 | |
| turn sb down | 拒绝某人 | ||
| put sb down | 批评某人 | ||
| set sb down | 停车让某人下去 | ||
| - | puzzle out | 仔细考虑解决 | |
| turn out | 最后的结果是 | ||
| point out | 指出 | ||
| carry out | 实施 | ||
| - | show off | 炫耀 | |
| - | break away | 脱离 | |
| - | start out | 出发 | |
| - | narrow down | 缩小……范围 | |
| - | put aside | 把……放在一边 | |
| - | clear away | 收拾，整理 | |
| - | take on | 呈现 | |
| - | accustomed to | 习惯于 | |
| - | apart from | 除了 | |
| - | but for | 要不是 | |
| - | out going | 归功于 | |
| - | regardless of | 不管 | |
| - | in return for | 作为回报 | |
| - | in pain | 处于痛苦中 | |
| in relief | 如释重负得 | ||
| in surprise | 吃惊地 | ||
| in debt | 负债 | ||
| - | struggle to do | 挣扎着做 | |
| - | make one's way to | 朝……去 | |
| - | take advantage of | 利用…… | |
| - | to tell (you) the truth | 实话（对你）说 | |
| - | do harm to | 对……有害 | |
| - | go camping | 去野营 | |
| - | come to an end | 结束 | |
| - | look back on/to | 回顾，追忆 | |
| - | take sb to court | 把某人告上法庭 | |
| - | pass sth on to sb | 把……传给某人 | |
| - | provide sb with sth | 给某人提供…… | |
| - | run out of sth | 用光…… | |
| - | benefit sb/sth | 使……受益 | |
| benefit from sb/sth | 从……受益 | ||
| - | quarrel with sb about/over sth | 与某人因……吵架 | |
| - | can't wait to do sth | 等不及做…… | |
| - | can't help to do sth | 不能帮助做…… | |
| cant help doing sth | 情不自禁做…… | ||
| - | continue doing/to do sth | 继续做…… | |
| - | with the help of | 在……帮助下 | |
| - | deep into the night | 到深夜 | |
| - | succeed in doing sth | 成功做某事 | |
| - | breathe a sign of relief | 松了一口气 | |
| - | have time to do sth | 有时间做…… | |
| - | as the saying goes | 正如谚语所说 | |
| - | by the way | 顺便说一下 | |
| all the way | 一直 | ||
| by the way off | 经由，通过…… | ||
| in a/one way | 在某种程度上 | ||
| in no way | 绝不 | ||
| in the/one's way | 挡住某人的路/妨碍某人 | ||
| out of way | 不碍事，结束了 | ||
| - | do sb a favor | 帮某人忙 | |
| - | have sth in common with sb | 和某人有共同之处 | |
| - | be about to do sth | 正要去做某事 | |
| - | in the habit of | 有……的习惯 | |
| - | be known as | 以……出名 | |
| be known for | 因……闻名 | ||
| be known to | 为……熟知 | ||
| - | date back to | 追溯到 | |
| - | be open to | 对……开放 | |
| - | fit in with sb/sth | 与……一致 | |
| - | be accustomed to (doing) sth | 习惯于（做）某事 | |
| - | be difficult (in) doing sth | 做某事有困难 | |
| - | invite sb to do sth | 邀请某人做 | |
| - | at the end of | 在结束的时候 | |
| - | cause sb to do sth | 导致某人做…… | |
| - | no/without doubt | 无疑 | |
| - | by doing sth | 通过做…… | |
| - | encourage sb to do sth | 鼓励某人做…… | |
| - | after a while | 过了一会儿 | |
| - | explain to sb what | 向某人解释…… | |
| - | share sth with sb | 和某人分享…… | |
| - | be supposed to do | 应该做…… | |
| - | congratulate sb on/for sth | 为……祝贺某人 | |
| - | talk to/with sb | 和某人讲话 | |
| - | say to oneself | 自言自语 | |
| - | be familiar with | 熟悉，主语通常为人 | |
| be familiar to | 为……熟悉，主语通常为物 | ||
| - | you'd better do sth | 你最好做某事 | |
| - | be going to do sth | 将要做某事 | |
| - | find it adj to do sth | ||
| - | provide sb with sth =provide sth for sb |
提供某人某物 |
| be to doing: | |
|---|---|
| be/get used to doing | 习惯于做某事 |
| be/get accustomed to doing | 习惯于做某事 |
| devote oneself to doing | 致力于做某事 |
| be limited to doing | 局限于 |
| be dedicated to doing | 全身心做某事 |
| look forward to doing | 盼望做某事 |
| get to doing | 开始做 |
| lead to doing | 坚持做 |
| strick to doing | 坚持做 |
run out of 用完了，及物动词短语，主语一般是人
run out=be used up 被用完了，不及物动词短语，主语通常为时间，食物，金钱等
We have run out of water
Water has run out.
as a result of 因为：原因
as a result 因此：结果
admire 赞美；钦佩；羡慕
admire sb for (doing) sth 因（做）某事羡慕/钦佩某人
-
admire不接双宾语，不能构成admire sb sth.
We admire her books. (×)
We admire her for her books. 我们佩服他写的书
-
admire 后不接that从句.
We admired that he was brave.(x)
We admired him for his bravery. 我们钦佩他的勇气
-
much修饰admire时，放在前边；very much修饰admire时，放在前面后边都可以。
twice the population 2倍人口 A be +倍数+as+原级+as B: The garden is ten times as large as that one. A be +倍数+as+比较级+than B A be+倍数+the size/height/length/width...+of B: This garden is ten times the size of that one.
sb spend time (in) doing sth 某人花时间做某事
句型可以变为：sb spend time on sth/It takes sb some time to do sth
sth costs sb money/time 某事花费某人……时间/金钱
sb pay money for sth 某人因某事付钱
It is/was because... 那是因为...
There was a time when 曾经有一段时间...
It is/was the first time that sb. have/had down sth. 这是某人第一次做某事
It's no pleasure doing... 做...没有乐趣
Insist that... 坚决要求
find oneself doing 发现自己正...
can 能，偏主观
be able to 偏客观
| 表示原因的介词短语 | |
|---|---|
| because of | |
| due to | 由于，因为（引导的原因状语不能放在句首） |
| owing to | 由于 |
| on account of | 由于 |
| as a result of | 由于 |
| in that | 因为，由于 |
口语化表达
You miss nothing. 什么都骗不过你
You're no picnic 你不好相处
Sleep soundly 安心吧
Don't peek 别偷看
Hold on 抓紧，别挂断
事实上
in reality
in fact
in actual fact
in truth
as a matter of fact
actually/really
come across 偶然遇到
run across 偶然遇到
get across 被理解
cut across 抄近路/横穿过去
sooner or later 早晚，迟早 Don’t mention it. 没关系，别客气。
只修饰可数名词：
many
many a 谓语动词用单数
a big/large/great number of
big/arge/great numbers of
指修饰不可数名词
much
a great deal of
a large amount of/large amounts of
既能修饰可数也能修饰不可数：
a large quantity of/large quantities of
a lot/lots of
plenty of
masses of
get on/get off 上/下（车，船等）
get into/get out off 上/下车
so...that... 如此……以至于……
the boy is so cute that everybody loves him.
so that 以便，为了=in order that
Say it slowly so that I can catch your words.
It/This/That is/was the first/second/last time that...
从句根据主句状态使用现在完成时/过去完成时
It is the first time I have seen the movie.
He doesn't know what to say, for it is the first time that he has gone out with a girl.
It will be + 一段时间 + before... （一般现在时）
It was/would be +一段时间+before... （一般过去时）
Hardly...（过去完成时） when... （ 一般过去时） 一……就……
Hardly had I done my home when I got home. 我一回家就做作业
No sooner...(过去完成时) than... （一般过去时） 一……就……
as if/though
陈述语气：描述情况是事实或有很大可能性
虚拟语气：描述情况不是事实
对现在虚拟不能用was，要用were，对过去虚拟要用had been，对将来的虚拟用would do，时态退一步
复合词复数形式：
-
有中心词的把中心词变成复数
passers-on
-
没有中心词的在结尾加s
go-betweens
-
以man，woman构成的复合词，两个名词都变复数
men drivers
多个形容词做定语的顺序：
限数描形状年，色国材用全
so that, in order that 可以接从句
so (...) as to, so that 不能放在句首
in order to/that 可以放在句首
never+比较级
nothing/no so+原级+as
nothing/no+比较级+than
can/could+not/never+be+enough/too+形容词/副词
比较级+that the rest of n(pl/不可数)
年季月周要用in，某天，节气用on
某事某刻用at，at the age of表年龄
圣诞、夜晚、钟点前用at
早午晚上常用in，限定之时换on
表示具体某一天的早午晚，用介词on，比如on the morning of July 2
in/on/to方位
in：在……之内，
on：在……边/畔
- on the coast of在(……的)海岸边
to：在另一个地方范围之外，相隔湖海等
- Japan is to the east of China
一……就
Hadly had sb done sth when sb did sth
No sonner had sb done sth than sb did sth
break, bring, call, carry, come, cut, keep, give, go, get, hold, look, make, pick, put, set, take, turn, hand, agree, add, pay, run, see, catch
动词含义弱化：
- 副词：方向
- 介词：对象
副词：away, ahead, aside, back, out, forward
介词：at, to, for, from, with
介词副词均可：up/down, on/off, after, in, through, over...
| v+across(横穿) | come across | 偶然遇到 |
| run across | 偶然遇到 | |
| get across | 被理解 | |
| cut across | 抄近路/横穿过去 | |
| v+about | bring about | 产生，引起 |
| care about | 关心 | |
| come about | 发生(否定， 疑问) | |
| complain about | 抱怨 | |
| quarrel about | 争吵 | |
| set about (doing sth) | 开始着手 | |
| talk about | 谈论 | |
| v+after | go after | 追求，跟随 |
| run after | 追求，跟踪 | |
| look after | 照顾 | |
| v+against(相对) | go against | 违反，违背 |
| turn against | 背叛 | |
| warn against | 谨防 | |
| v+apart(分开) | fall apart | 崩溃 |
| set apart | 区别，留出 | |
| tell apart | 区分，分辨 | |
| v+around(在周围) | play around | 玩耍，鬼混 |
| show around | 带领参观 | |
| talk around | 游说，说服 | |
| v+aside(在旁边) | leave aside | 不考虑 |
| put aside | 把……放在一边 | |
| set asede | 撤销 | |
| throw aside | 抛弃 | |
| v+as(作为) | accept...as... | 认可……是…… |
| consider...as.. | 把……认为是…… | |
| regard...as... | 把……当做 | |
| see...as | 看做 | |
| serve...as | 当做 | |
| take...as | 看做 | |
| treat...as | 当做 | |
| v+at | aim at | 瞄准，旨在 |
| arrive at | 到达 | |
| glare at | 怒视 | |
| stare at | 盯着 | |
| look at | ||
| knock at | 敲击 | |
| point at | 指向 | |
| shoot at | 射击 | |
| v+away | blow away | 吹走 |
| break away | 脱离，放弃 | |
| die away | 逐渐消失 | |
| give away | 分发，泄漏 | |
| go away | 离开 | |
| pass away | 去世 | |
| put away | 收好 | |
| run away | 跑开 | |
| take away | 拿走 | |
| throw away | 扔掉 | |
| wear away | 磨损 | |
| turn away | 解雇，转过脸 | |
| v+back | bring back | 使想起，带回 |
| call back =phone back |
回电话 | |
| come back | 回来 | |
| date back | 回溯 | |
| hold back | 忍住，隐瞒 | |
| pay back | 偿还 | |
| look back | 回顾 | |
| take back | 取回，拿回 | |
| v+by | judge by | 根据……判断 |
| live by | 靠……生活 | |
| stand by | 站在旁边，支持 | |
| pass by | 经过 | |
| v+forward | bring forward | 提出，提前 |
| look forward to (doing/being) | 盼望 | |
| put forward | 提出，建议 | |
| v+in | break in | 闯入，插话 |
| bring in | 引进，介绍 | |
| call in | 召集，来访 | |
| check in | 登记入住 | |
| fill in | 填写 | |
| give in | 屈服 | |
| fail in | 做……失败 | |
| suceed in | 做……成功 | |
| join in | 参加 | |
| participate in | 参加 | |
| result in | 导致 | |
| turn in | 上交，归还 | |
| v+of | acuse sb of | 指责，控告 |
| approve sb of | 赞成 | |
| assure sb of | 使确信 | |
| convince sb ov | 使确信 | |
| cure sb of | 医治 | |
| inform sb of | 通知 | |
| remind sb of | 使某人想起/提醒 | |
| rob sb of | 抢夺 | |
| die of | 因……而死 | |
| consist of | 由……组成 | |
| think of | 考虑，想出 | |
| v+off | break off | 中断，停止 |
| call off | 取消 | |
| cut off | 切去 | |
| give off | 发出，释放 | |
| kick off | 踢掉 | |
| pay off | 还清 | |
| see sb off | 给某人送行 | |
| send off | 送走 | |
| set off | 使爆炸，引起 | |
| show off | 炫耀 | |
| take off | 脱去，起飞 | |
| turn off | 关上，解雇 | |
| v+into | break into | 破门而入 |
| burst into | 突然 | |
| develop into | 发展成 | |
| divide...into | 把……分开 | |
| look into | 调查 | |
| persuade into (doing) presuade sb out of doing |
说服 | |
| translate into | 翻译 | |
| turn into | 变成 | |
| v+on | agree on | 就……达成一致 |
| base on | 以……为基础 | |
| carry on | 继续从事 | |
| come on | 加油，赶快 | |
| comment on | 评论 | |
| concentrate on | 专心 | |
| count on | 依赖，依靠 | |
| depend on | 依赖，依靠 | |
| rely on | 信赖，依靠 | |
| feed on | 以……为食 | |
| live on | 以……为生 | |
| go on | 继续 | |
| hold on | 别挂断 | |
| insist on | 坚持 | |
| lean on | 倚靠 | |
| look on | 旁观 | |
| move on | 继续前进 | |
| put on | 穿上 | |
| reflect on | 思考，影响 | |
| spend on | 花费 | |
| turn on | 打开 | |
| switch on | 打开 | |
| call on | 拜访 | |
| centre on | 集中于…… |
| add | add A to B | A加到B中 | |
| add up (to) | 加起来（到）/合计 | ||
| add in | 把...包括在内 | ||
| in addition (to sb/sth) besides what's more |
除此之外 | In addition (to the names on the list), there are six other students | |
| set | set down write/put/note down |
写下，记下 | I have set down everythin that happened. |
| set down | 就座，坐下 | Please set yourself down. | |
| 使着陆 | The pilot set the plane down hard. | ||
| 放下 | set down your bag | ||
| set up | 建立 | set up a organization | |
| set off | 动身，出发 | The next morning, we set off. | |
| set out to do sth set about (doing) sth |
开始着手做某事 | We set out to paint/set about painting the whole house but finished only the front part that day. | |
| set back postpone |
推迟 | ||
| set free | 释放 | ||
| set aside | 留出，不顾; =save |
set aside money. 存钱 | |
| set in | 到来，开始 | ||
| set on sb | 突然攻击某人 | ||
| set forward | 提出，促进 | ||
| bring | bring up | 抚养，培育，提出 | |
| bring in | 引进，吸收，赚取 | ||
| bring out | 生产，出版 | ||
| bring about =cause/lead to |
带来，造成 | ||
| bring down | 使降价，降低 | ||
| bring forward =put forward |
提出 | ||
| bring back | 恢复，使回忆起来 | ||
| bring sth to an end | 结束某事 |
take up 拿起；接收 take in 吸收；领会 take on 呈现 take off 脱下；起飞 take up with 开始与……亲密交往
sweep up 打扫；横扫
sweep away 清除；冲走
sweep across 放到一边；不予理会
sweep down 冲倒
sweep over 扫过；席卷
slide into 移动；溜进
slide out of 悄悄溜出去
speed up 加速
at a speed of 以……的速度
with all speed 全速
pick up speed 加速
slow speed 减速
add up 加起来
catch up 赶上
bring up 抚养
pick up 捡起，偶然学到 pick up sb 中途搭载某人
make up 组成，化妆
take up 拿起，占据
give up 放弃
break up 打碎，拆散
throw up 呕吐
do：现在，过去，虚拟
will：将来
have：完成
be：进行，被动
比如：had done
I wonder if I might use your bike
You mustn't park here!
The door won't open!
定义：不能当谓语的动词
| 不定式：主动 | 不定式：被动 | 动名词/现在分词：主动 | 动名词/现在分词：被动 | 过去分词 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一般式 | to do | to be done | doing | being done | done |
| 完成式 | to have done | to have been done | having done | having been done | done |
| 进行式 | to be doing | - | - | - | done |
解题：看主被动关系，看时间先后
非谓语动词是从句的省略形式
Li is a teacher, who teaches English.
Li is a teacher teaching English.
I have the key, which is used to open the door.
I have the key used to open the door.
After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.
A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
添成从句：..., ...in the envelop, which was provided.
动名词做定语：表示用途和性质
现在分词做定语：与所修饰名词有诸位关系，强调动作进行性
a sleeping boy 动作
a sleeping bag 用途
to being done：强调将要被进行的动作
The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.
being done：强调正在进行
The meeting being held now is important.
done：强调被动或已经完成
The meeting held yesterday was important.
独立主格特征：
- 逻辑主语与句子主语不同
- 逻辑主语和它后面的分词、形容词，介词短语等成分存在主谓/动宾关系
技巧：如果非谓语动作不是主语干的，谁干的把谁加上
非谓语动词有：
- 动名词，现在分词ving
- 不定式
- 过去分词
可用”with/without+名词/代词+宾补“结构替换独立主格：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
With weather permitting, ...
The party will be held in the garden, weather _.
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
如果是if weather _，填permits，主将从现
接带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词有：want, ask, wish, tell, teach, encourage, warn, advise, order, force, like, allow, beg, cause, expect, invite, forbid, require, persuade+sb to do
接不带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词有：
- 感觉，心理：see, watch, observe, notice, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel, think
- 使，让：make, get, have, leave, keep
- 命令，希望，要求：want, order, wish, like
therefore 因此；所以
whichever 无论哪个
wherever 无论哪儿 =no matter where
should have done 本该做而没做
shouldn't have done 本不该做而做了
could have done 过去可能做了；本该做而没做
You could have helped me with this project.
needn't have done 本不必做而做了
You needn't have taken a taxi.
The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I needn't have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
rely on sb. to do sth.依靠某人去做什么事情（将要做）
rely on sb. doing sth.依靠某人在做事情（正在做）
sb.doing 或 sb.'s doing ,就是动名词复合结构,意为“某知人所做的···”
see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做
see sth done 看见某事被做
宾补的形式 动作情况 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系 do 动作完成或结果 主动 doing 正在进行或持续 主动 being done 正在进行或持续 被动 done 动作完成、状态，或动作的全过程 被动 make/have/let sb do sth.
forget to do 忘记去做
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember to do 记得去做
remember doing 记得做过
regret to do 对要做的事遗憾/遗憾去做
regret doing sth 后悔/遗憾做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
mean to do=plan 打算做
mean doing 意味着做
go on to do 接着做另一件事
go on doing 继续做同一件事
can't help (sb) (to) do 不能帮助做某事
can't help doing 情不自禁做
mind doing sth 介意做某事
we are in a state where we have almost no rights at all. 我们几乎什么权利都没有。
Nothing could be better 没有什么比这更好的了。
You will tell him that he should have studied, so you don't let him look at your paper.
你会告诉他本该好好学习的，所以你不让他看你的卷子。
He prefers living(live) in the countryside to living in big cities.
We prefer to have(have) a P.E. class rather than stay in the classroom.
Althouth she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she orginize the trip properly.
虽然她不知道去某些地方的最佳路线，但她坚持要把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
was 单数
were 复数。虚拟语气用were：I wish I were...
He said, "I'm waiting for you in this room".
-He said that he was waiting for me in that room
He said, "I like it very much."
-He said that he liked it very much.
主句为过去时态，间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。
He said, "I'm using the knife."
-He said that he was using the knife.
I asked her, "Where have you spent your holiday?"
-I asked her where she had spent her holiday.
He said, "I caught a cold yesterday."
-He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.
"What do you do in your free time?"he asked me.
-He asked me what I did in my free time.
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---|---|
| this | that |
| these | those |
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tonight | that night |
| last night | the night before |
| yesterday | the day before/the previous day |
| tomorrow | the next/following day |
| this evening | that evening |
| here | there |
| bring | take |
| come | go |
John said, "This is my cellphone."
-John said (that) that was his cellphone.
说话者在当时、当地转述别人的话时，时间状语和地点状语不变
变为if/whether引导的宾语从句
"Do you know him?" Hi asked.
He asked if I knew him
"What's your favourite food?" She asked.
She asked what was my favourite food.
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to see a film?"
I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to see a film.
ask sb to do sth
suggest doing sth
advise sb to do sth
"Would you mind opening the door?" he asked.
He asked me to open the door.
"Close the door." he said to me.
He asked me to close the door.
"Don't say a word." the lawyer said to him.
The lawyer told him not to say a word.
He asked how much I paid for the violin.
She asked Tom what was the matter with his car.
what可以做主语
Do you know what Mr. Black's address is?
-He my live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street. I'm not sure of which.
Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.
A. was
B. be
C. were
D. is
recommend sb (should) do 动词原形
When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A. block
B. to block
C. blocking
D. blocked
see sb do
see sb doing
see sth done. 看见某事被做了，被动
真实习惯/情况
Our teacher said, "Light travels much faster that sound."
Our teacher said that light travels much faster that sound. （客观事实）
有典型时间状语 in 1900, when, while since, days ago
情态动词(must)
My mom said to me that I must go to school every day.
insist,suggest, order, propose, demand，变成间接引语要用虚拟语气should do
I wonder why Jenny hasn't written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
recently 跟现在完成时
一般现在时
She says, "I will go for a walk after dinner."
-She says she will go for a walk after dinner.
shall/will be done
won't/shan't be done
will/shall +主语+ be done?
-
别忘be动词
My advice will definitely be taken at last.
-
注意否定形式not的位置
More trees will not be destroyed in our willage.
-
主将从现在被动中要保留
If I'm given more time, I am sure I'll do it better.
-
含有双宾语的主动变被动，间接宾语变成主语，直接宾语不变
My mom will give me a birthday present.
me是间接宾语，a birthday present是直接宾语
→I will be given a birthday present by my mom.
-
不要丢介词
We will look after the baby well.
→The baby will be looked after will.
-
使役动词have, get, make，感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等价不定式做宾补时，主动结构中省略to，变被动时要把to加上
I will hear Mr Deng sing in the classroom tomorrow.
→Mr Deng will be heared to sing in the classroom tomorrow.
The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front will be expected to arrive.
In near future, more advances in the robot technology **will be made by scientists.
make advances in... by sb
used to do 过去常常做
be/get used to doing 习惯于做……
be used to do 被用来做……
In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.
A. that used to be
B. it is used to
C. is was used to
D. it used to be. that是介词，后边加名词或代词，只有it可以做形式宾语
I love to buy a new dress at a _ at the Spring Festival.
A. discount：固定搭配at a bargain
B. bargain
C. pay
D. cost
How much did he charge you for the service?
Luckily, it's for nothing. 省略了charge
It's said that the power plant is now _ large as what it was.
A. twice as twice as large as
B. as twice
C. twice much
D. much twice
先倍数再加要比较的内容
一般过去时和现在完成时区别：
-
一般过去：只陈述发生在过去的动作
-
现在完成时：强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
肯定：have/has been done
My work has been finished.
否定：havn't/hasn't been done.
My work hasn't been finished.
疑问：Have/Has 主语 been done?
Has your work been finished?
-
描述过去动作对现在的影响
-
强调动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在
How long has the film been on?
- 不忘be动词
- 含有双宾语的主动变被动，间接宾语变成主语，直接宾语不变
- 不丢介词
His sister left home in 1998, and _ since.
A. had not been heard of
B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of
D. has not heard of
需要用被动，AB是被动。since省略了：since 1998
过去完成对现在的影响，用现在完成时。
In recent years, many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.
A. have run
B. have been run
C. had been run
D. will run
In recent years：现在完成时的标志词
用过去完成时，要有动作发生在过去的过去，或者有标志词did
Shakespeare's play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. Had been made
B. was made
C. has been made
D. would be made
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before there's left.
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out
run out 没有被动语态，本身有被动的意思，如被用光，被耗尽。排除CD，句意应该是即将被用光要马上采取行动，所以选B，进行时态表将来
Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised
B. were promised
C. have promised
D. have been promised
被承诺，对现在有影响，用现在完成时
肯定：am/is/are being done
My car is being repaired now.
否定：am/is/are not being done
My car is not being repaired now.
疑问：Am/Is/Are 主语 being done...?
Is your car being repaired now?
-
说话瞬间正在进行的被动动作
He is being told the news now, so you don't have to inform him.
-
表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但动作不一定在此时此刻发生
How long is your work being done?
-
表示一种习惯的被动行为，尝尝有赞赏，羡慕，讨厌等感情色彩，常与always, constantly等词连用
He feels very surprised that I am always playing badminton(羽毛球) on weekend.
-
与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测
Tom may be being scolded(责骂) by his teacher at his moment.
- 判断主被动关系
- 选择正确时态
- 不忘be动词
- 含有双宾语的主动变被动，间接宾语变主语，直接宾语不变
- 不丢介词
I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage(车库，修理厂).
A. will be repaired
B. is repaired.
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired
Why don't we choose that road to save time?
The bridge to it _.
A. has repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. will be repaired
Traditional folk(民族) arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting
B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited
D. is being exhibited
They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.
A. is being rebuilt
B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt
D. has rebuilt
It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being built
主句时态是现在时
many a = more that one + 名词单数，谓语动词也用单数
- 表推测：must, should, ought, may, might, can, could, may not, can't
- 表能力：can, could
- 表许可：can, could, may, might
- 表义务与责任：must, have to, should, ought to
- 表意愿、意见和建议：shall, will, would
can/cound
-
能力
Can you play violin?
-
允许
Could I somke?
-
推测，用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句
Can this be true? It can't be true.
-
有时可能，用于肯定句
Little boys can be very annoying sometime.
may/might
-
允许，可以
May I ask you a question?
-
表示推测，一般不用于疑问句
You might be right, but I'm not sure.
-
might have done表示对过去的推测，或本可以做……
You might have done your homework.
must
-
must：必须，主观。have to：不得不，客观
-
非常可能，一定是
He must be in, for the light is on.
-
非要，偏要
If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.
-
mustn't：表示禁止。否定句中表示不必，用needn't
Must we finish the work today?
Yes, you must./No, you needn't./No, you don't have to.
will/would
-
主观意愿或决心
If you'll help me, I will go with you.
-
请求，用于第二人称，would更委婉
Would you mind closing the door?
-
习惯性的动作或倾向，“总是，常常”
When I was a little child, I would go swmming with other children in summer.
need/dare：
- 实义动词（有人称和数的变化，构成否定和疑问）need/dare to do；
- 情态动词：need/dare do. need doing是特例，=need to be done
shall：
-
征求意见
Shall we go now?
-
允诺，警告，命令
All of us shall arrive before 5 o'clock.
-
必须
should/ought to
- 应该
- should have done/out to have done 本来应该做而没有做
- 表示推测，可能性不如must高，可能用于购物场景
情态动词表推测和可能性
- must 肯定
- will/sould 很可能
- should/ought to 应该
- can could 有时可能
My book is missing. Who _ have taken it?
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. cound
could have done 应该做而没做
need 需要
must 肯定
should 可能
It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.
A. must
B. can：表示可能，有时可能很冷
C. should
D. would
The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. wouldn't：门死活不开（拟人化）
D. mightn't
One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.
A. might
B. could
C. shall
D. will
I _ myself more-it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn't have enjoyed
B. needn't have enjoyed
C. wouldn't have enjoyed
D. couldn't have enjoyed
否定+more：最高级
| 可能性逐渐降低 | 肯定 | 否定 | 疑问 |
|---|---|---|---|
| must | 必定 | / | / |
| will/would | 很可能 | 该不会 | 可能吗？ |
| should/ought to | 应该，理应 | / | / |
| can/could | /;（有时可能。can一般不能用于肯定句，用于肯定句，翻译为有时可能） | 不可能 | 有可能吗？ |
| may/might | 可能 | 可能不 | / |
对发生在过去的事的推测
must have done：过去一定做了
could have done：
- 过去可能做了
- 本能做（而没做）
might have done：可能已经做了
should/ought to have done：本应该做实际上没做
should not have done：本不该做而做了
needn't have done：本不必做而做了
would rather not have done：宁愿当时没做（后悔当时做了）
We _ the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?
A. should face
B. might face
C. could have faced
D. must have face
我们本来能够一起面对困难
can：惊讶，怀疑
How can you be so careless!
must：非要，偏要
shall：允诺，命令，警告
should：惊讶，感叹，惋惜，不满
How should I know? 我怎会知道？
may：祝愿
May you succeed
cannot... enough/too 越……越好，无论……也不过分
You can't remember enough English words.
cannot but do sth 只好，不得不
I can not say a word but leave.
may well do sth=be likely to do sth 很可能
may as well do sth=had better do sth 最好
Since we're not in a hurry, we _ wait for the next bus as this one is much too crowded.
既然我们不着急，干脆就等下一趟，因为这一趟太拥挤了
A. might well
B. might as well
C. could well
D. should as well
used to do 过去常常做某事现在不做了
would 习惯性
be used to doing 开始习惯做
be used to do 被用来做
Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _ preparing your business plan.
用知识武装自己，你可以准备你的商业计划了
A. set out
B. set about
C. set off
D. set up
非真实条件句中的运用
- 错综时间条件句
- if省略句
- 含蓄条件句
wish/as if/though/if only
should类
情态动词+have done
固定句型
| If从句，主句（主将从现，退一步） | If从句 | 主句 |
|---|---|---|
| 对现在的虚拟 | did/were（必须were，不能was） | would/should/could/might do |
| 对过去的虚拟 | had done | would/should/could/might have done |
| 对将来的虚拟 | did should do were do |
would/should/could/might do |
主过将 从过，主过将完 从过完
- 主句过去将来时would do，从句用一般过去式
- 主句过去将来完成时would have done, 从句用过去完成时
If you had follow my advice just now, you would be better now.
主从句都有时间标志词，分开各管各的
If I were you, I would not let her go.
=Were I you, I would not let her go.
句中有with, without, but for, or, otherwise, or else等，虽然没有出现if，但表示if的含义
Without your help, I wouldn't have passed the exam.
=If you didn't help me, ...
退一步：
-
do：did
-
did：had done
-
will do：would do
I wish I were a bird.
=If only I were a bird.
If Mr Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were
B. had been
C. should
D. was
John went to the hospital alone.
If he _ me about it, I would would have done with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.
A. thought
B. would think
C. had thought
D. have thought
If he had sepnt more time practicing English before. he _ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be
B. would be
C. has been
D. would have been
_ I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was
B. Had been
C. Will be
D. Were
If I were you：if省略Were提前
_ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch
B. should be catch
C. has he caught
D. Had he caught
If he had caught：if省略had提前
The weather has been very hot and dry.
Yes, If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! Any my vegetables _.
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
If we _ a table earlier, we couldn't be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked
B. booked
C. book
D. had booked
could/might have done 本来能做却没做
should/ought to have done 本该做而没做（抱怨和责备）
should not/ought not to have done 本不该做而做了
needn't have done 本不必做而做了
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command, recommend(建议)
三建议：advise, suggest, propose,
四要求：require, request, demand, ask
记法：I drop caps
被动语态要用虚拟语气：It is insisted/suggested that sb should do sth.
名词形式也要用虚拟语气：It is aproposed that sb should do sth.
翻译为……不用虚拟语气：
-
insist 真实情况：主从一致；虚假：should do
-
suggest 暗示，表名：主从一致； 建议：should do
I suggest (that) you (should) get up early in the morning.
The doctor insisted that the boy _ seriously ill and that _ on at once.
A. be; be operated
B. was; be operated
C. be; was operated
D. was; was operated
Would you mind sb+谓语虚拟?：你是否介意……？
would rather that sb+谓语虚拟：宁愿……
It is high time that sb did/(should) do sth. 到某人做某事的时间
It is necessary/important/essential/strange/natural/advisable that sb (should) do sth.
It is a pity/duty/shame/regret that sb (should) do sth.
But for/Without + sth+主语+谓语虚拟：要不是……
If only+主语+谓语虚拟：要是……就好了
主句+as if/as though+主语+谓语虚拟：就好像
-
一半过去一半现在：分开讨论
-
一半虚拟一半真实
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.
Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _.
A. was busy
B. is busy
C. had been busy
D. will be busy
We _ last night, but we went to the cinema instead.
A. must have studied
B. might study
C. would study
D. would have studied
从句一般过去时， 主句过去将来完成时
-
If省略，句子倒装
-
含蓄条件句：句中不出现if，用其他手段代替。with, without..., or..., otherwise..., ... or else
What would you do with a million dollars?
=What would do if you had a million dollars?
I would not have passed this exam, without help.
=But for your help, I would not have passed this exam.
We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited
B. had visited
C. would visit
D. would have visited
If we hadn't lost our way...
Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology _.
A. will not have been achieved
B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved
D. had not been achieved
without 含蓄条件句，主句要有情态动词
If we hadn't have/own/used electronic...
- 找固定句型
- 主过将从过，主过将完从过完
| 除AH，都是部分倒装 | |
|---|---|
| N | never, not, hardly 等否定词 |
| A：形式倒装 | as |
| O | only |
| S | so, such |
| H：完全倒装 | here, there地点和时间副词 |
| I | if |
否定副词：never, nor, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely
否定短语：
- at no time
- under/in no circumstances
- in no case
- by no means
- on no condition
- on no account
- no sooner...than
- hardly...when
Never before have I heard of such a name.
By no means shall I change the plan. 我绝不会改变这个计划
On no account will I make it.
Although he likes her much, he doesn't want to be with her.
-Much as he likes her, he doesn't want to be with her.
Although he was tired, he still went on with his work.
-Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.
Although he is a little boy, he an help his mom a lot.
-Little boy as he is, he can help his mom a lot.
Although he might try hard, he didn't pass the exam.
-Try hard as he might, he didn't pass the exam.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
=We can learn English well only in this way.
-
only+主语，句子不倒装
Only you can help me.
Only can you help me.(×)
-
only修饰从句时，从句不倒装，主句倒装
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
Only when did he returned did we find out the truth.(×)
The bus is coming here!
-Here comes the bus!
only if + did +主+谓语
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
Only if you try hard, will you succeed.
if only：但愿，要是……就好了，常引导含虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句
If only I were a bird.
_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. Only if; will you
B. Only if; you will
C. Unless; will you
D. Unless; you will
So angry was he that he couldn't speak.
so+be/do/情态动词+主语，表示也……
He is a teacher. So is his mother.
You can plan tennis. So can I.
Mike is a clever boy.
So is his little brother. 他弟弟也这样。
Mike is a clever boy.
So he is. 确实如此
万能句式：It is the same with sb.
here, there, up down, in, away, off, out, back
now, then
in the room, on the wall
-
主语是副词时不倒装
Here you are.
-
谓语动词必须是简单时态，如一般现在时，一般过去时
The bus is coming here!
=Here comes the bus.
I：if虚拟条件句的省略形式：
If I were you, I would not let her go.
→Were I you, I would not let her go.
_ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch
B. Shouhd he catch
C. Has he caught
D. Had he caught
倒装+虚拟，对过去的虚拟用过去完成时
主+v+宾+补
When he arrived, he found all the work finished. 发现所有工作被完成了
可以接非谓语形式做宾补的动词：表示感觉，心理状态；表示使，让；表示命令，希望，要求
| 宾补形式 | 动作情况 | 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系 |
|---|---|---|
| (to) do | 动作完成或结果 | 主动 |
| doing | 正在进行或持续 | 主动 |
| being done | 正在进行或持续 | 被动 |
| done | 动作完成、状态，或动作的全过程 | 被动 |
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
多听别人说英语，应是被别人说
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.
A. washed
B. wash
C. washing
D. to wash
Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.
A. to recognize
B. recognizing
C. recognize
D. recognized
尽力使自己的工作被医学界被认可
Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left.
A. check
B. checking
C. to check
D. checked
- 过去分词做状语（时间，条件，原因，方式，伴随）
- 分清主被动关系
- 分清动作已经完成还是同时进行
- 分词做状语时，保持与句子主语一致，不要偷换主语
- 独立主格结构
先考虑主被动，后考虑时间关系
Time, _ correctly, is money in the back.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
_ into English, the sentense was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating
B. Translated
C. To translate
D. Having translated
_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding
B. Reminded
C. To remind
D. Having reminded
_ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail 动词不定式，表示动作还未发生
D. Having failed
fail to do sth/succeed in doing
主动，我们没做成
定语：把原来的形容词和介词短语所做的定语成分换成一个句子
先行词：名词
关系词：连接主句和从句
定语从句引导词绝对不是what
| 限制性和非限制性定从 | 限制性 | 非限制性 |
|---|---|---|
| 与先行词的关系 | 修饰限制作用 | 补充说明作用 |
| 逗号 | 无 | 有 |
| 关系代词that | √ | - |
限制性：修饰限制作用，that只用于限制性定语从句，和逗号不共存
- 关系代词：who whom which whose that as
- 关系副词：when where why
- 介词+关系代词：whom which
非限制性：补充说明作用
- 关系代词：who whom which whose as
- 关系副词：when where why
解题思路：
-
找到从句画括号：连接词起，第二个谓语动词前止
-
根据成分选连词
一看指人还是物（人：who, whom, whose, that；物：that, which, whose）
二看介词在何处
介词在从句句首：whom, which。比如in which
三看句中作何用
四看是否属特殊
介词+不定代词的用法注意：
whose+名词=the 名词+of which/of which+the 名词
Have you seen the man whose eyes are blue?
-Have you seen the man the eyes of which are blue?
Look out! Don't get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
如果后边是the roof，用of which
That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which
B. when
C. what
D. that
有逗号，不能用that，定语从句引导词绝对是what，when是副词不能作为主语
找到从句画括号
根据缺少的成分选连词
主语：who，人；which，物；that，人/物
宾语：who/whom，人；which，物；that，人/物
定语：whose
状语（不缺少成分时）：where, when, why
My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval(两场音乐会的间隔时间), _ the audience can by ice-cream.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
-
介词+whom/which
There are 50 students in our class room, most of whom are boys.
Here is Shandong, in which I grow up.
-
介词的选择要结合从句的谓语动词
Here is Shandong, from which I come.
-
whose=of which: whose+名词=the 名词+of which/of which+the 名词
The house whose roof/the roof of which/of which the roof was damaged has now been repaired.
The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which was made of small diamonds.
She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken moren that three years.
她带游客参观了博物馆，那儿的建筑都是三年以上的。
A. for which
B. with which
C. of which
D. to which
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.
He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.
(the same) such...as... 引导定语从句，句中as要做成分
(the same) such...that... 引导状语从句，句中that不做成分
去掉that/as看从句是否完整
In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.
half of...
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.
A. them 不能引导定语从句，介词放在前面用which/whom
B. that
C. which
D. whom
He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
虚拟地点
There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.
A. as
B. that
C. when
D. where
Yesterday she sold her car, which she bought a month ago.
不能用that
Mary was much kinder to Jack that she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
有逗号；先行词指代一整句话；定语从句不能用what
The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. which
After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clear water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. what
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. whom
一句话不能出现两个谓语动词，of只能用which/whom
He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happended in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where 也可用in which
D. how
从句不缺成分，用where/when/why
That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. When
有逗号不能用that
定语从句两步走：
标出从句画括号
根据成分选连词
| 状语从句 | 常用引导词 | 特殊引导词 |
|---|---|---|
| 时间 | when, while, as, once, till, since, until, before | not...until, as soon as, the minute/moment, the second, every time, no sooner... than, hardly...when |
| 地点 | where | anywhere, everywhere, wherever |
| 条件 | if, as long as, unless, if only, in case | providing/supposing that(考虑到), on condition that(如果，在……条件下) |
| 原因 | because, since, as, now that | seeing that, considering that, given that(考虑到) |
| 目的 | so that, in case, in order that | lest, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that |
| 结果 | so that, so...that/such...that | to the degree/extent that |
| 方式 | as, as if/though, how | the way |
| 让步 | though/although, even if, while, since | no matter+特殊疑问词 特殊疑问词-ever |
| 比较 | than, as...as, not as/so...as | the more...the more, no...more than |
易错点1：when, while, as
- when 从句的谓语动词通常是短暂的
- while 从句的谓语动词一定是延续的
易错点2：till, until, not...until
- 肯定句：延续性动词until/till
- 否定句：非延续性动词not...until
易错点1：though/although可与yet, still, nevertheless同时初选，但不能与but同时出现
-
though可置于句末，表示不过，但是
He said he would help me; he didn't, though.
易错点2：while/whereas(虽然，鉴于)引导，强调主句与从句对比
When I like him, I still see his shortcoming.
_ you start eating in a helthier way, weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless
B. Although
C. Before
D. Once
分为：
- 主语从句：左边是It做形式主语/什么都没有
- 宾语从句
- 表语从句：左边是系动词
- 同位语从句：左边是抽象名词
解题：
-
找到从句画括号
-
根据成分选连词
主语：who（人） what（物）
宾语：who/whom（人）what（物）
定语：which
状语：where, when, why, how
不做成分，无意义：that
不做成分，有意义：whether/if
whether or not不能换为if or not
if和whether引导从句
- 主语从句：句首可用whether
- 宾语从句：做vt.宾语：均可，但有区别；做介词宾语whether
- 表语从句/同位语从句：whether
if和whether和that引导从句
- that：无意义，不充当句子成分，宾语从句中可省略
- if/whether：是否，不充当句子成分，不能省略
做题技巧：
- 从句中不缺成分，应用that/whether(if)
- 然后看从句中是否缺含义，缺是否：填whether/if；不缺含义：填that
that和what引导从句：what不能引导定语从句，但能引导名词性从句
- what充当主语，宾语等成分；what引导名词性从句：what=all that
- that不做任何成分
it做形式主语和形式宾语：
-
形式主语
-
It is + n/adj/-ed that... （）
表示建议，要求，命令，愿望，义务，责任时，从句谓语动词常用(should) do：
It strange that he (should) say no.
-
It is + vi that...
-
-
形式宾语：
-
含有复合宾语，可用it做形式宾语，常用此句型的动词：think, find, feel, consider, make, judge等
We that it impossible that you can finish the job.
-
介词后的宾语从句可以用it来代替
I have nothing to tell you except/that I love you.
-
wh-ever引导的从句：
-
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever可做主语和宾语，引导从句相当于先行词+关系代词
I'll just say whatever comes to my mind.
-I'll just say anything that comes to my mind.
reason引导的名词性从句：
-
reason做主语，表语从句一般用that引导
-
用it/this/that做主语时，从句可用because/why引导
The reason why/is that...
It/This/That is because...
It/This/That is why...
It/This/That is the reason why...
This is why... is that
主语从句和强调句的区别：不是强调句就是主语从句。强调句：It is/was ... that...。区分：去掉It be...that...后仍然通顺完整为强调句，否则为主语从句
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
| 区别 | 语义 | that | when, where, why | how |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 定语从句 | 修饰限制 | 有时可省，除连接句子外，还可充当主语、并与等成分 | 意义与先行词基本相同 | 不用 |
| 同位语从句 | 补充说明 | 只起连接作用，不充当成分，不可省略 | 意义与被同位的词无关，跟疑问词本身相同 | 可用 |
It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分
一般疑问句：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+剩余成分
特殊疑问句：疑问词+is/was+it that +剩余成分
do/does/did +v 强调谓语
do work together in some areas 的确在一些方面共同合作
- 根据It is/was 后面的成分在句子中充当的成分来判断
- 根据时态
一般：（疑问句：还原成陈述句）It is/was，that（或者要填的空）删掉，看句子意思完整就是强调句。
It was from only a few supplies that she bad bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
只用了村子里买来的东西一点点，能做出很好的晚餐
Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. what
I've read another book this week.
Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you raad that counts.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
counts 算数，有用
是强调句：去掉 _ is...that意思完整
不是你读了多少书就有用
It was _ he came backed from Africa _ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A. when; then
B. not; until
C. not until; that
D. only; when
改写句子：he met... not until he came backed... 成分完整，是强调句
I believe (that) you will succeed.
主语省略
Looks as if it will rain.
省略谓语
The river was deep and the ice (was) thin.
省略表语
Are you ready?
Yes, I am (ready).
省略宾语
Let's do the dishes. I'll wish (dishes) and you'll dry (dishes).
-
当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可将从句主语和be动词一起省略
Don't speak until (you) are spoken to.
She stood there as if (she was) waiting for someone.
Though (it is) cold, he still wore a shirt.
-
从句主语时it，谓语动词含有be，可以一并省略
I'll come to see you if (it is) necessary.
-
so或not代指上下文的内容
Get up early tomorrow. If not (you don't get up early).
-
不定式的省略（to代指不定式内容，跟在动词后，否定用not to）
Will you join in the game?
I'd be glad to (go).
We all know that, _, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with.
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
dealt：deal过去分词
In my opinion, life in the 21st century is much easier than _.
A. that used to be
B. it is used to
C. it was used to
D. it used to be
Who should be responsible for the accident?
The boss, not the workers. The just carried out order _.
A. as told
B. as are told
C. as telling
D. as they told
as they were told：as told
What (a/an) adj + n + 主谓！
What an interesting story it is!
How adj a/an +可数名词单数+主谓！
How interesting a story it is!
How adj/adv +主谓！
How interesting the story is!
How +主谓！
How (much) we love our country!
省略主谓
What a clever boy (he is)!
其他形式
How can you be so selfish!
Don't be late!
Do be careful!
命令：You keep quite!
厌烦：You ind your own business!
分配任务：You, girls, clear the desks; you, boys, sweep the floor.
祈使句+and+陈述句=If..., +主句
祈使句+or+陈述句=If...not..., +主句
Work hard and you will succeed.
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Hurry up or we will be late.
If you don't hurry up, you will be late.
You must go now, needn't you?
You used to get up late, didn't you?
He dislikes playing football, doesn't he?
I don't think he will make it, will he?
Open the door please, will/won't you?
就近原则
There is a cow and several sheep.
There are several sheep and a cow.
集体名词不一般，
army, class, team, family, couple最常见
强调个体用复数，强调整体用单数
时间距离与货币，谓语多半用单数
百分，分数做主语，名词决定谓单复
and连接两主语，单复有异灵活变
many a, more than one, 谓语动词应用单
a boy or two谓用单，one or two boys谓用复
there be, here be, not only...but also, either...or
neither...nor就近原则挂嘴边
with, like, except, but, together, with, as well as,
rather than连接两主语，谓语看前定单复（就远原则）
表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，动作仍在进行之中，或刚刚终止。
现在完成时：已完成，对现在有影响
We've spent too much money recently.
Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives _ around all the time.
A. are coming
B. had come
C. were coming
D. have been coming
come around 顺便来访
I'm tired out. I _ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped
B. have shopped
C. had shopped
D. have been shopping
Thanks a lot!
It's generous of you to do sth.
I appreciate your help.
回答：
Not at all.
That's all right.
You are welcome.
Don't mention it.
My pleasure.
It is my pleasure.
Sorry.
Excuse me.
Pardon.
Please forgive me.
回答：
That's all right.
No problem.
It doesn't matter.
Never mind
May I invite you to do sth?
Would you like to do sth?
How about to do sth?
同意：
I'd love to
Thank you.
Why not?
Sounds great.
保留：
It's very kind of you to invite me, but I'm not sure if I can ome.
拒绝：
I'd love to, but...
I really enjoy it, but...
I wish I could accept you invitation, but...
Why not...?
How about doing...?
You'd better...
Why bother...?
Shall we...?
同意：
Yes, I suppose so.
Good idea.
Why not?
That's great
不同意：
I'm afraid I can't do that.
I'm afraid I can't follow your advice.
Yes, but don't you think
I wish you good luck.
May you succeed.
Good luck with you.
Thanks.
May I...?
I wonder if I...?
Yes, please./Go ahead, please.
Would you mind if I...?
No, of course not./No, go ahead.
Hello, may I speak to...?
Is that... speaking?
Hello, this is...speaking.
Hold on, please.
Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.
What's the matter?
Do you have a fever?
Take the medicine three times a day.
I've got a pain here.
I feel terrible/awful/horrible.
There's something wrong with...
What can I do for you?
What size/color/style do you like?
Here's your change.
I'd like a pair of shoes.
May I try it on?
That's fine. I'll take it.
Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to...?
Excuse me, where's the...?
Excuse me, which is the way to...?
Go down this street until you see the...
Turn right at the first corner. You can't miss it.
You'd better take a taxi.
Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.
What shall we do tonight then?
_-whatever you want.
A. Help yourself.
B. It's a deal.
C. No problem.
D. It's up to you.
Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.
-Thanks. _.
A. So what?
B. No way.
C. What for.=Why?
D. You, too.
Certainly.
Sure.
Exactly.
Absolutely.
Of course.
Why not?
By all means. 一定
Go ahead.
Yes, please.
I can't agree more.
That's a good idea.
Of couse not.
I'm afraid not.
I don't think so.
Well, it depends.
No way.
By no means=Never.
I'd like to do...
I plan to do...
I intend to do...
I am ready to do...
I an thinking of doing...
I don't want to...
You shouldn't have done sth
Why don't you do sth?
How could you do this?
I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here.
What a shame! 真遗憾
I'm sorry to hear you are going away. 很遗憾听说你要走了
Damn! Isn't it annoying! 真烦人
There, there. 好了，好了
How wonderful! 太棒了
Take your time. 别着急，慢慢来
What for?=Why?
So what? 那又怎样？
Guess what? 你猜怎么着？
How come? 怎么会呢？（惊讶）
How so? 为什么这样呢（疑惑）
How about..? （建议）
Forget it. 别提了/没关系/不可能
Don't mention it. 不用写
My pleasure. 不用写
With pleasure. 乐意效劳
It depends. 看情况
It's up to you. 取决于你
It's hard to say. 很难说
All right. 好的，可以
That's all right. 不用谢/没关系
That's right. 对的
Never mind. 不用担心。=Don't worry.
No problem. 不用谢/没关系
Not at all. 一点也不/不用谢/没关系
- 浏览全文，理清文章结构和主旨，30s
- 三个关
- 关联词
- 总分，分总关系
- 并列，转折，递进等逻辑关系
- 解释说明关系
- 关键词
- 无关词
- 关联词
- 带入选项，核对答案
要点/易错点：
-
单复数
没有复数的单词：
- advice
- information
- housework
- equipment
-
a/an，the
元音发音用an
第一次提到用a/an，再次提到用the
-
ing/ed
被动ed，主动ing
-
形容词/副词
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词
副词可以做句子开头，比如：Luckily等
-
短语：do/doing sth
-
时态
根据上下文确定时态
特殊用法，比如I -ed, -ing sth.句型
-
it/what等指代
find it easy...
-
上下文理解
最容易出题的地方：
- 段首段尾：划横线
- because，but后面：划冒号和闪电（though/although从句=but）
- 比较级和最高级：划圈
- 重要人物说的重要话语：横线+圆圈
- 加汉语注释又死活读不懂的长难句
阅读理解潜规则：
- 顺序对应原则：题目顺序就是答案在文中的顺序
- 同义替换
- 关键词原则
方法：
- 先读题目，后看文章
- 只关注有用信息，不要让无效信息浪费时间
- 注意隐含义，勿纠结字面意思。可借助近义词/反义词
- 切勿凭感觉做题
- 找连词，标三角（并列，转折，因果，递进等逻辑关系）
- 找从句，划括号（从连词开始，到第二个谓语动词之前。保证从句里最多只有一个谓语动词）
- 下一谓语动词结束
- 到句尾结束
- 到句中逗号结束
- 到另一从句或修饰成分出现结束
- 找介词短语，非谓语，划横线（介词+名词/代词，不定式，动名词，分词）
- 留主干，译中文，调语句，拼回来
- Mark：做标记。标记有效信息
- Miss：略读无效信息
- 专有名词（人，地，物）后面的解释说明
- 论证或说明的具体步骤
- 照抄原文还抄错段落的选项略读→细节题不跨段落，除非有是极端
- Match：同义替换
- 原文压根没提过的不选
- 原文有但定位错误的不选
- 细节题跨段落的不选
- 主旨题扩大或缩小的不选
- 逻辑混乱的不选：因果、时间、程度、包含
简单细节题和标志词：
- 事实细节：what, when, where, who, which, why, how
- 因果细节：for, as, why, because, since; due to, lead to, result from, owing to, cause...
- 目的细节：purpose, to, aim to, in order to, so as to...
复杂细节题：
- 作者/段落/具体细节观点
- 某个例子证明了什么观点
标志词：suggest, infer, imply, intend, conclude, means, indicate...
角度：
- 问出处，身份，对象
- 问目的
- 问隐含义
- 复述原文的不选
- 主观臆断的不选
- 因果倒置的不选
解题方法：
-
识别推断
-
准确定位
-
正向/逆向推理
正向：看情感，标正负
逆向：对比转折，弦外之音
-
锁定答案
解题方法：
- 原文解释或例子
- 借助逻辑关系词
- 利用构词法
选择文章标题/作者的目的或写作意图
解题方法：
- 通篇略读，把握大意
- 找主旨句：首（一般是首段最后一句/第二段第一句），末，中
- 圈关键词
- 忽略细节：for example, to begin with, first类似举例，列举不可能出现主旨句
- 选择标题或概括主旨，避免：以偏概全，主题扩大，断章取义，无中生有
标志词：organized, structure, the way of, serves as(充当)
类型：
- 段落结构形式或作用
- 文章结构形式
- 具体细节的结构形式
解题方法：
-
判断文体
-
浏览全文，
- 找每个段落的中心句
- 抓主干，段首段尾
- 关键词
- 理先后逻辑
-
确定作用
考察：
- 词汇：词义，辨析，搭配
- 上下文：
- 瞻前顾后：通览全文，重视首尾句，预测主题
- 左顾右盼：逻辑，上下文
- 顾全大局：符合答案，全面检查
- 义无反顾：除非逻辑和小词辨析错误，尽量不大面积修改
- 短语和搭配：动词，名词和代词是重点；形容词，副词，介词，连词相对较少。
做题要点：
- 100%拿下第一句：找主线，拆首句
- 不把时间花在“扫描”上，而是“锁定”答案上
- 随时能返回来做题：往往空后线索占大部分
关键：不要瞎蒙，证据不足就是蒙
复习建议：
- 找主线，拆首句
- 搜集阅读材料：励志/温情，先抑后扬的故事
- 突破高频词汇、短语和搭配，词义辨析，形容词副词，介词连词to/at/in/on/above等
选项的秘密：
- 动词：根据前后搭配
- 名词：找同类
- adj/adv：感情色彩：正/负/中性
- 介词连词：根据逻辑关系。to/at/in/on/above
（前文：某人draw非常好）I could hear everyone whispering. "Who in our school could draw _ well?"
A. very
B. that
C. quite
D. too
指代；且ACD词义相同，只能选B
_ this student worked so hard, she deserves a prize.
A. If
B. Though
C. Unless
D. Since
ABC都不对，since可表示自从/因为
要点：
-
卷面整洁：好印象
-
明确分段：好形式
TEEC结构：
- topic sentence：起：描述现象故事
- explanation：承：表达感情/阐述观点
- example：转：解释说明原因
- concluding sentence：合：升华主题
-
要点全面：好给分
-
虎头凤尾：好内容
-
巧用连接：好逻辑
-
好词好句：好语言
需要应用的标配句式：
-
分词
Hearing wihs, a few people began to run after him.
-
With结构
He was crying, with ... in his hand
-
It句式
It is ... for sb to do sth
It is +强调部分+ that...
It主语从句
-
倒装
-
Only/Not only 句首部分倒装
-
完全倒装：On the wall hangs a picture of our family.
-
As引导的前置结构
-
-
定语从句。可把第二句用which指代前一句话
5步检查法：
-
时态、语态、主谓一致
-
句子结构
-
陈述不如倒装好
Our school lies by the side of a river.
-By the side of river lies our school.
He ran to help the little boy as soon as he heard some one was asking for help.
-Hardly had he run to help the little boy when he heard someone was asking for help
-
状从不如分词好
Because I am a student, I should study hard and try my best to become a useful person for our country.
-Being a student, I should study hard and try my best to become a useful person for our country.
-
肯定不如否定好
Everyone is affecting others more or less, and at the same time affected by others.
-There is hardly a man or a woman who is not affecting or affected by others.
-
主动不如被动好
Nowadays, we can also use cell-phones as cameras and laptops.
-Nowadays, cell-phones can also be used as cameras and laptops.
-
-
句式重复
-
词汇拼写、词数
-
Chinese-English
However, others have a different opinion considering that... 然而，另外的人有不同的观点……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that...
就我个人而言，倾向同意后面的观点……
Therefore, as stated above, ...
因此，综上所述……
There is no denying that...
不可否认……
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
As is known to all, ...
众所周知
On no account can we ignore tha value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能……
When it comes to playing computer games, he will be very excited.
当一谈到……时，……就……
Given/Concerned her qualifications, I think she is suited to the job.
考虑到……
to be frank, 直白的说
to be honest, 老实说
（作为联结词）
That is the reason why I don't like you.
The reason is that...
那就是……的原因
It occurred to me that...
某人突然想到
递进：besides(还有),furthermore(而且), moreover(此外)
转折：however(然而), but(但是), on the country(相反)， after all(毕竟)
总结：finally(最后), at last(最后), in brief(总之), in conclusion(最后)
强调：indeed(确实), certainly(一定), surely(确定), above all(尤其)
对比：in the same way(同样地)， just as(正如), on the one hand.. on the other hand
高频换为低频
| 我认为 | I think.../In my opinion... |
| From my point of view,... | |
| As far as I'm concerned, ... | |
| On a perasonal level, ... | |
| 感谢你 | Thank you for... |
| make sincere thanks and gratitude to sb. | |
| 越来越多的 | More and more... |
| Sth is in in creasing nuber | |
| a growing number of sth is... | |
| 有机会 | Have a chance to do sth |
| own an opportunity to do sth | |
| be in possession of the opportunity that... | |
| 我们将尽最大努力 | We will try our best to |
| We will make every effort to... | |
| We will spare no effort to | |
| 做……事很重要的 | Doing sth is important/It is important for sb to do sth |
| It is of importance for sb to do sth | |
| 我希望所有人 | I hope all the people... |
| My sincere expectation is that individuals... | |
| 如果 | If |
| Provided that... | |
| Assuming that... | |
| Given that... | |
| On condition that... | |
| 给 | give |
| offer | |
| 想 | think |
| emphasize | |
| 想要 | want |
| be eager to/long for | |
| 感谢 | thanks |
| appreciate/gratitude | |
| 希望 | hope |
| except | |
| 应该 | should |
| be supposed to | |
| 真实的 | true |
| the case | |
| 好的 | good |
| remarkable 给力的 | |
| outstanding 出色的 | |
| splendid/fabulous 壮丽的 | |
| 开心的 | happy |
| cheerful | |
| delighted | |
| 重要的 | important |
| vital | |
| 困难 | difficult |
| challenging | |
| tough | |
| 必要的 | necessary |
| indispensable | |
| 有用的 | useful |
| contribute to | |
| beneficial | |
| 基本的 | basic |
| essential | |
| 现在 | nowadays |
| in recent decades | |
| 机会 | chance |
| opportunity | |
| 人们 | people/persons |
| individuals | |
| 一……就 | as soon as |
| on doing | |
| hadly when | |
| Instantly... | |
| 想出 | think of |
| come up with | |
| 节约 | save |
| set aside | |
| 提到 | mention |
| refer to | |
| 非常 | very |
| more than | |
| 一点 | a little/bit |
| a handful of | |
| 有时 | sometimes |
| occasionally | |
| 如果 | if |
| on condition that | |
| assuming that | |
| 不得不做 | have to do |
| can't help but | |
| 对……感兴趣 | be interested in |
| be absorbed in | |
| be caught up in | |
| 忙于做某事 | be busy doing |
| be rushed off one's feet | |
| 在……期间 | during |
| in the course of | |
| 大多数 | most of |
| the majority | |
| 只要 | as long as |
| given that | |
| 例如 | for example |
| for instance | |
| 事实上 | in fect |
| as a matter of fact |
| 惯用法 | |
|---|---|
| 我（从……）得知 | I know that... |
| I was informed by...that... | |
| I was kept up to date on... | |
| sb keep me up to date on... | |
| 随着社会的发展，…… | With the development of our society...(society具体化：education/economy/culture等) |
| The education/economy/culture developing, ... | |
| 因为……，人们…… | Because (of) ..., people... |
| Owing to the phenomenon that..., individuals... | |
| Our living conditions are faced with a number of changes due to... | |
| Thanks to..., our life are experiencing huge changes, which... | |
| ……非常喜欢做某事 | sb like/loves/prefers... |
| be fascinated with... 被迷住 | |
| sb is immersed in... 沉浸 | |
| be in love with sb | |
| be crazy about... | |
| be addicted to doing 沉迷 | |
| be devoted to... | |
| 我们在……中应该高度重视这个问题 | We should pay attention to... |
| This phenomenon/issue is supposed to draw our attention. | |
| We are supposed to bear this issue in our mind. | |
| We are supposed to concerned about this phenomenon to the gread extent. (to the great extend=very much) |
|
| 我们将尽最大努力…… | We will try our best to... |
| We will devote ourselves to doing... | |
| We will be dedicated to sth... | |
| We will make every effort to do... | |
| We will spare no efforts to do... | |
| 给 | give |
| offer | |
| hand | |
| 想 | think |
| emphasize | |
| insist (that sb should do...) | |
| 想要 | want |
| be eager to | |
| long for | |
| 感谢 | thanks |
| appreciate | |
| gratitude | |
| 希望 | hope |
| expect/be in sincere expectation | |
| 应该 | should |
| be supposed to | |
| 真实的 | true |
| the case |
| 和谐社会 | harmonious society |
| 环境污染 | environmental pollution |
| 生活便利 | convenient life |
| 不良现象 | harmful phenomenon |
God helps those who help themselves.
自助者天助
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧
Easier said than done.
说起来容易做起来难
When there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成
One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘谬以千里
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
吃一堑，长一智
Experience is the mother of wisdom.
实践出真知
All work and no play makes jack a dull boy
只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻
More hasty, less speed.
欲速则不达
It's never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老
A journey of a thousand miles begins will a single step
千里之行始于足下
Rome was not built in a day.
伟业非一日之功
Great minds think alike.
英雄所见略同
Well begun, half done.
好的开始是成功的一半
Facts speak plainer than words.
事实胜于雄辩
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真情
Action speaks louder than words.
行动胜过语言
It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.
君子在德不在衣
Do as Romans do in Rome.
入乡随俗
An idle youth, a needy age.
少壮不努力老大徒伤悲
To live is to learn, to learn is to better live.
活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着
-
开头
-
问候
How are doing ...?
How is everything going?
-
自我介绍（同位语+定从/分词
I'm LiHua, a 17-ear-old boy currently studying in Xinhua high school. Born in a family of writers, I'm keep on reading novels and writing poems.
-
-
中心
-
结尾
I'm sincerely looking forward to you early reply.
Informed that ..., I am writing these letters to offer you some suggestions.
In addition to(此外... ) ..., we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books:... . A for the reasons...
Hopefully, these suggestions would helpful for you. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know.
-- Yours sincerely,
Li
Here are several suggestions for you.
- You should/ought to do sth
- You are supposed to do sth
- Why not do sth?
- It is high time that you did sth.
I am writing to apply for the job/position/chance/opportunity.
Hopefully, the chance would be offered to me. I will devote all my effort and wisdom to your company/this activity.
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude/appreciation to you.
Whenever I recall those days, I just can't help tinking you. I was so kind of you to do sth. Besides, you did sth which really moved me. Nothing would be able to erase our wonderful memories and I will cherish them forever.
Think you for reading my letter.
I am writing to express my heartfelt apology to you.
How I wish I had (not) done sth!
Hopefully, you would accept my apology and understand my situation.
I am writing to invite you to join the ...
Here are several relevant details about this activity. The activity will be in ... on the afternoon of...(时间)
The theme of the activity is ..., which is undoubtedly both meaning ful and entertaining.
If you need any further information, please send email to ... or call me. And I am looking forward to your presence.
I am writing to ask you to do me a favor.
I am wondering if you would like to...
In great need of ...., I'm eager to...
Being lack of ... and ..., I'm now in a dilemaa that...
I am writing to ask you for some relevant questions.
I tried to search the Internet, but found no clear answer. Would you please be so kind/nice as to tell me sth?
If it is convenient for you, would you please tell me sth?
- 校内：师生关系，互帮互助
- 校外：交友参观，爱心志愿，环保能源，生活百科
There are two different opinions among people as to..
When it comes to ..., different people will offer different opinions.
Everything has two sides and ... is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.
Personally speaking, I prefer the idea that... Firstly, ..., Secondly,... In addition...
As far as I am concerned, I agree with latter opinion to some extent, I thik that...
From what has been discussed above, we many reasonably arrive at the conclusion that...
Therefore, as stated above, ...
| 遵守纪律 | keep/obseve discipline |
| 违反规章制度 | break the rules |
| 考试作弊 | cheat in the exam |
| 乱扔垃圾 | throw rubbish everywhere |
| 乱涂乱画 | scribble everywhere |
| 因某事处罚某人 | punish sb for sth |
| 不遗余力做某事 | spare no efforts to do sth |
| 素质教育政策 | quality education policy |
利用好时间：We will be able to make the most of our everyday time to do some valuable things.
影响身心健康：It is undoubtedly bad for/harmful to our physical and mental health.
浪费时间精力：It is a great waste of time and energy.
影响学习：It never fails to have a bad/negative effect on our study.
导致不可预料的后果：It will lead to some unexpected outcomes.
There are many proverbs in English, of which I like "where there is a will, there is a way" most. It means that if you have a dream in mind, you should keep on working even though you encounter(be faced with) some difficulties, and finally you will achieve your dream through your great efforts.
(经历)...
Such an unforgettable experience encourages me su much to forge ahead all the way that I achieve more and more in my life because Ibear it in mind that where there is a will, there is a way.
With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为……
Recently, the problem of ... has aroused people's concern. 最近，……问题已引起人们的关注
It is commonly believed that.../It is a common belief that... 人们一般认为
Taking into account all there factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
There is no doubt that enougn concern must be paid to the problem of... 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视
总之：on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short
... is the most important and emjoyable Chinese traditional festival.
真正的“生态旅游”应该是带走美好回忆，留下青山绿水：A true eco-travel should be like this: take nothing away but your good memroy; leave nothing behind but all the green trees and the clean water.
保护环境刻不容缓：It's high time that we did ... to protect the environment
无论如何都不应该以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济：On no account/Under no circumstance should we develop economy at the cost of our environment.
只有这样，我们才能享受健康的生活，呼吸新鲜空气：Only in this way can we enjoy a healthy life and breathe fresh air.
I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we _ fine.
A. look out 小心
B. stay up 熬夜
C. carry on 继续
D. get along
Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man _ and left.
A. took up 占据，开始从事 take a job as a teacher
B. get up 起身
C. shut up 闭嘴
D. set up 建立
Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchel retires(退休).
A. get away 离开
B. take over 接管
C. set off
D. run out 用完，耗尽
the eyes and ears of this place 这个地方的百事通
chillax child+relax 放松冷静
high fives 举手击掌
mess up 弄糟
be in a mess 一团糟
no messing! 没开玩笑=No kidding!
Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.
A. in the way 挡道，碍事
B. on watch 注视
C. in sight 看见
D. on the line 模棱两可；处于危险
candid 快照，乘人不备拍下的照片；偷拍的 candid photo
bring up 提起，谈到；抚养长大, bring sb up
get sb back 支持sb
Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?
A. come along 陪伴
B. come off 成功；脱离；实现
C. come across 偶然遇到
D. come through 经历；度过
The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to _ it.
A. make the best of 充分利用
B. get away from 逃离，摆脱
C. keep an eye on 照看
D. catch up with 追上，赶上
The doctor insisted that the boy _ seriously ill and that the boy _ on at once.
A. be; should be operated
B. was; be operated
C. was; operated
D. was; was operated
前半句是真实发生，跟主句时态；后半句是假的，用虚拟语气
"The moment is coming soon," he thought to himself, waiting nerviously.
用现在进行时表将来
Have you got any job offers?
No. I _.
A. waited
B. had been waiting
C. have waited
D. am waiting
Look at the pride Tom's face. He seems to have been praised(表扬) by the manager just now.
Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook that a doctor.
Jack is very _ -if he promises to do something he'll do it.
A. independent 独立地
B. confident 自信的
C. reliable 可信赖的
D. flexible 可弯曲的
Are you going to have a holiday this year?
I'd love to. I can't wait to leave this place _.
A. off
B. out
C. behind
D. over
leave... behind 把……抛在脑后
What does this modern-day dinosaur look like?
The tongue of this animal can be extended more that twice the length of this body.
My brother was against my suggestion while my sister was in favor of it.
All the candidates were _ the street to be named after a great man _ his great contributions to the city.
所有的候选人都赞成这条马路以一位伟人命名，以纪念他为这座城市作出的贡献。
A. in honor of; in favor of
B. in praise of; in favor of
C. in favor of; in honor of
D. in praise of; in need of
make contribution to sth
praise： 赞扬
I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.
这个星期结束前我还有许多阅读要完成
Clair had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
Since they won't listen to the advice, we have to _ force.
A. appeal to 诉诸武力
B. stick to
C. keep to 坚持
D. give in to 向某人屈服
The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
stranger:陌生人
I don't suppose the police know who did it.
Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.
A. has been questioned
B. is being questioned
C. is questioning
D. has questioned
One of a lawyer's tasks is to offer legal guidance to people in need buy a certain amount of fee is charged.
At a very young age, Professor Field used to be devoted to translating books on radio.
Every means _ prevent the water from _.
A. are used to; polluting
B. get used to; pollution
C. is used to; polluted
D. is used to; being polluted
means 方式/方法，单复同形，修饰词是one,every*，谓语动词用单数。all等修饰词，用复数
Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office. 因为我受过良好的教育，所以得到了一份坐办公室的工作
since引导原因/时间状语从句
the first time 做连词，引导时间状语从句
I was struck by her beauty the first time I met her.
for the first time 做状语
I'm not familiar with her. I met her for the first time.
The bank is offering a reward to anyone who can give some information about the robbery.
After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _
A. was decorated
B. had decorated
C. had been decorating
D. was being decorated
Professor Willams keeps tellings his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.
Does this meal cost $50? I _ something far better that this!
A. prefer
B. except except to do：期待做某事
C. suggest 建议/表名
D. suppose 猜想
What should I do with this message?
Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
发出指令，用祈使句，没有主语，用动词原形
If you leave the club , you will not be admitted back in.
It is... that 强调句
It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. before
去掉It was，that，剩余内容还能拼成完整句子，是强调句：Jennifer didn't realize that until she got home.
together with 和……一起
就近原则：there be+句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also
together with, with, as well as谓语动词就远原则：
Mr J together with his wife and children is going to Bj for their holiday.
neither/nor 置于句首，引起部分倒装
The head master will not permit the change in the course, nor _ it a thought.
A. does he even given
B. he even gives
C. will he even give 倒装和时态
D. he will even give
What do you think of store shopping in the future?
Personally, I think it will exist along with shopping but _.
A. will never replace
B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced
D. would never be replaced
A and/but/or B：A，B时态保持一致
However, this reality also worried my designers. As time went by, I was smaller.
但是，这个现实也使我的设计者很担心。随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小了。
The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.
A. adapt
B. appeal
C. attach: attach to：依附，依恋
D. apply 适用于
We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn't quite _ as planned.
我们本想正午前完成任务，但结果并没有像计划的那样
A. find out
B. give out 分发，发出
C. hand out 分发，拿出来
D. work out 算出，完成
The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was _ on the radio yesterday.
A. turned out turn out to be：结果是；被证明
B. found out
C. given out
D. carried out 实施，执行
This way we don't have to sleep with our heads in the mud.
这样我们睡着的时候头不会栽进泥里
with+宾语+宾补
The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to _ its reality.
A. make up 编造，构成，弥补，化妆
B. figure out
C. look through 浏览，扫描
D. put off 推迟
How I was looking forward to getting a letter from her, just as soon as she had the time.
我多么希望能够收到她的一封回信，只要他有时间
look forward to doing
一……就……
as soon as
no sooner... that...
hadly... when...
the moment/minute/second...
Immediately/Instantly...
on n/doing 一……就……
During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.
过去三十年，参加体育锻炼的人急剧增长
A. was increasing
B. has increased
C. had increased
D. will be increasing
during引导现在完成时
Although the wind has _, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
虽然风逐渐停了，但是雨还在下，所以你仍然需要一个雨衣
A. turned up 出现，发生，开达
B. gone back 回去
C. died down
D. blown out 喷出，吹走，吹灭
remain 保持，依旧
steady 稳定的，不变的
Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense 防御
D. shelter n. 庇护所；v. shelter sb/sth from 保护……免受……
get relief from 得到缓解
Don't worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only flu.
_!. I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious.
A. What a relief 松了口气
B. Congratulations
C. How surprising
D. I'm sorry
flu：流感
before long/before long
It is said that before long the spaceship of Shenzhou VIII will be sent up.
The teacher told us that before long we would have a sports meeting.
Long before people had to use something called huoyou to light.
The old temple existed long before.
Scientists have many theories about how the universe _ into being.
A. came：强调发生在过去，客观事实简单时态
B. was coming
C. had come
D. would come
They divided themselves into three groups _ age.
A. according to 根据
B. owing to 因为，由于
C. thanks to 多亏了
D. due to 因为，由于
because of
This special school accepts all disabled students, _ eduational level and background.
A. according to
B. regardless of 不管
C. in addition to =besides/as well as 除此之外
D. in terms of 按照，根据
Are you going to take part in the speech contest?
_ It's too good an opportunity to miss.
A. No problem!
B. That's for sure.
C. Why me?
D. Why bother? 没有必要
The engine just won't start. Something seems _ wrong with it.
A. to go
B. to have gone 有时间先后顺序
C. going
D. having gone
What do you want to do next? We have have an hour before the evening class.
-__
A. That's settled. 已经解决了
B. It's up to you. 你说了算
C. Absolutely! Bingo/Yes! 那是当然了
D. Have you got that/it? 你听懂了吗？
settle
① 定居
② 平息矛盾/冲突 settle a conflict
③ 停在，落在
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice.
A. follow
B. would follow
C. had follow 过去没听建议，现在情况糟糕，有先后顺序
D. have follow
The new movie _ to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.
这个新电影有可能非常卖座
A. promises 承诺，很有希望
B. agrees
C. pretends
D. declines 衰退
Parents _ much importance to education. They will do the best to give their children that priceless(无价的) gift.
A. attach
B. pay
C. link
D. apply
You are old enough to _ your own living.
A. win
B. gain
C. take
D. earn
No matter how frequently _ , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed
B. performing
C. to be performed：表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作
D. being performed：说话时动作仍在进行
贝多芬的作品已经被演奏很多次了，performed比较合适
My good performance in the job interview left me _ about my future and about what I can do here.
A. puzzled 迷茫的
B. sensitive
C. optimistic 乐观的
D. embarrassed 窘迫的
To be great, you must be smart, confident, and _, honest.
A. therefore 因此
B. above all
C. however
D. after
What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're _ to be asleep.
A. supposed
B. known
C. thought
D. considered
That did great harm to the health and mental quality of those _.
A. who addicted to the drug
B. who were addicted to the drug
do harm to=be harmful for sb
be/become addicted to 沉迷于，对……上瘾
addict oneself to 将自己沉迷于……
To our joy（令我们高兴的是）, only a small number of people opposed th plan and the majority were _ it.
A. in honor of：向……致敬
B. in place of：代替
C. in favor of：支持，赞成
D. in memory of
to one's+抽象名词：令某人……的是
Mary's husband suggested her _ a flower to the party.
A. having on
B. wearing：戴着饰品
C. putting on
D. during
We are looking forward to _ a chance to watch the opening ceermony of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games.
A. give
B. be given
C. being given：被给予一个机会
D. giving
as if/as though 好像，似乎
① 陈述语气：
It sounds as if it is raining.（陈述语气，事实）
② 虚拟语气：描述情况不是事实，往前推一个时态
He looks as if he were an artist.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in America.
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
虚拟，没有真实发生，往前推一个时态
The ticket _ two people to the palace ball.
这张票允许两人进入
A. permits
B. admits
C. promises
D. awards
The party will be held in the garden, weather _.
A. permitting
B. to permit：更强调还没发生
C. permitted：天气允许，不存在被动
D. permit
此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
- 现在分词的被动式概念：
现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。
- 两种现在分词的被动式：
现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。根据现在分词动作发生的时间，现在分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。 如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, beworth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的现在分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。 如：Your shoes need cleaning.=Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。
- 现在分词被动式的用法：
当要表示一个被动动作时，现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式： **（1）现在分词一般式的被动式。 **主要表示现在正在进行的动作，也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作： 如：Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁? I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。 【注】有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因，且多为状态动词)： 如：Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车，她感到行动很困难。 **（2）现在分词完成式的被动式。 **主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作： 如：The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。 Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。 比较：Being soill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重，她不能去上学。 Having been ill for a long time he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间，他需要一段恢复的时间。
The party will be held in the garden, if weather permits.
Kathy _ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up ：偶然学到
B. took up
C. make up
D. turned up：出现，调高
Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremoney to encourage themselves before they _ on their life journey.
传统的，在他们人生之旅开始之前，大学生会举办毕业典礼鼓励他们自己
A. give up
B. settle down：安顿
C. get through
D. set off：动身，出发
Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dream.
迈克尔在床头挂起一张姚明的照片，保持提醒他自己的梦想
A. reminding
B. to remind
C. reminded
D. remind
被照片提醒，用被动形式
Personally, no supper is the best way to lose weight.
_. As a matter of fact, it does harm to your health.
A. That's a good point
B. Thats' not the case：你说的不对
C. I couldn't agree more
D. You can't be serious：你该不会是认真的吧
AC意思一样，不选
do harm to：对……有伤害
How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
I've never had _ one before.
A. a pleasant
B. a more pleasant
C. a most pleasant
D. the most pleasant
have sth/sb do/doing/done 让某人做某事/让某事发生/让某人遭遇某事
宾语和宾补之间的主被动关系，主谓关系用do/doing强调动作正在进行；动宾关系用done, have sth do do 有事情去做（to do做后置定语
get away with sth 携带某物逃跑
get away from 摆脱……
Clair had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left.
A. check
B. checking
C. to check
D. checked
have sth to do 让某事被做，还没做；有某事要去做
have sth done 让某事被做
I have a lot of reading _ before the end ot this term.
A. completing
B. to complete
C. completed
D. being completed
The suspect(嫌疑人) _ to the police, saying the hammer(锤子) still _ where he had _ it.
A. lay;lay;lain
B. lay;lied;laid
C. lied;lay;laid
D. lied;laid;lain
撒谎，停留，放置
Why do you choose to work at an international travel agency?
Well, you know, English is my _. So it is my best choice.
A. strength
B. talent
C. ability
D. skill
Clinical evndence(临床证据) began to _, suggesting that the new drug had a wider range of useful activities that had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A. operate
B. strengthen：力量上的增强
C. approve
D. accumulate ：数量上的增加
University students who take out a loan(贷款) to pay off their studies may be seriously _ when they graduate.
A. in debt
B. in luck
C. in need
D. in doubt
in...处于某种状态
Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _ our thinking
A. direct：指导，引导
B. limit
C. change
D. improve
but之前是积极的，后边应该是消极的词
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _ all its citizens.
中国已经为了所有公民的利益，大力推行公共医疗改革。用利益，不是目的
A. in charge of：负责……
B. for the purpose of：为了……的目的
C. in honor of：为了纪念……
D. for the benefit of：为了……的利益
He was in the hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world.
A. cut out
B. cut off
C. cut up
D. cut through
It was five years before he left.
在他离开前有五年时间
It is five years since he left.
他离开已有五年时间
It was five years ago that he left.
他是五年前离开的
John thinks it won't be long _ he is ready for his new job.
A. when
B. after
C. before
D. since
Seeing happy _ of children playing in the park, I'm full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.
A. sight
B. scene
C. view
D. scenery
find sb/sth done 表示动作完成的状态，或被动意义
(1) 表示感觉或心理状态：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think
(2) 表示使役：have, make, get, keep, leave
(3) 表示希望，要求：like, order, want, wish, expect
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.
A. lose
B. lost
C. to lose
D. having lost
I hadn't seen him for years, but I _ his voice on the telephone.
A. realized
B. discovered：发现
C. spotted：人群中发现，认出
D. recognize：识别出
Poor Laura was at a loss how to _ her cousin's angry behavior, and ignorant about where she had offended(冒犯) him.
A. answer for：对……负责，因……受谴责
B. make for：促成
C. allow for：考虑到
D. account for：解释，是……的原因
Brown said he was by no meas annoyed; _, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
A. all in all：总而言之
B. for one thing：首先
C. on the contrary
D. by the way：顺便说一下
The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case：以防，以免
B. as if：好像
C. in order that：为了……
D. only if：只有……才
He telephoned the travel agency to _ three air tickets to London.
A. order：预定商品，食物
B. arrange
C. take
D. book：
order：订购，订货，点菜
book：预定宾馆房间、饭店席位、车票等
reserve：基本等于book，但表示给某人预留某物时，只能用reserve sth for sb.
More than one _ the people heart and soul.
A. official has served
B. officials have served
C. official has served for
D. officials have served for
more than one/many a：用可数名词单数，动词用单数
Why does the lake smell terrible?
Because large quantities of water _.
A. have polluted
B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted
D. have been polluted
large quantities of：做主语，是复数形式
Some famous singers live on the _ from their record sales.
A. salary
B. pay
C. wage
D. income：收入
salary：按月发的薪水，通常是有特殊技能和专门知识的人。可数或不可数 pay：因某项工作获得的报酬。不可数
wage：一般指按星期或者天发的工资，通常是体力劳动的收入
income：定期收入，报酬，投资收益
whenever, wherever, however, whatever, whoever, whichever可引导让步状语从句。=no matter ...
如whenever=no matter when
也可引导名词性从句，强调任一性。
We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
从句缺主语，BD不对
句子强调任意一个参加聚会的人，所以为C
The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will _.
A. in particular：尤其，特别
B. in turn：轮流 C. in charge：负责 D. in time：最终，迟早
She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who
The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad2 more comfortable _.
A. held
B. holding
C. be held
D. to hold
Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it.
A. reusing
B. reused
C. reuse
D. to be reused
I don't think it worthwhile going to such a place.
It is not worthwhile doing...
A heavy learning burden leads to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _ damage the health of students.
A. in his turn
B. in return
C. in turn：反之
D. by turns
Unbelievable! I have failed the driving test again!
_. This is not the end of the world.
A. Good luck
B. Cheer up
C. Go ahead
D. No problem
Ten years ago the population of our village was _ that of theirs.
A. as twice large as
B. twice as large as
C. twice as much as
D. as twice much as
This restaurant wasn't _ that other restaurant we went to.
A. half as good as
B. as half good as
C. as good as half
D. good as half as
Kids should be encouraged to take part in community service _the voluntary spirit can take root in their minds from childhood.
从小鼓励参加社区服务以便养成服务精神
A. in that 因为
B. now that 既然
C. so that 以便，结果是
D. provided that 如果
Animals suffered a lot at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.
A. in which
B. for which
C. so that
D. in that
后面描述的原因，只有in that有因为的意思
He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system _.
A. broke in：打断，插话
B. break up：解散，分手 C. broke out：突然爆发 D. broke down：出故障
空调出故障需要一直擦汗
You can't predict everything. Often things don't _ as you expect.
A. run out 用光，耗尽
B. break out 突然爆发
C. work out 顺利发展
D. put out 熄灭
The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself.
A. rather than
B. other than：除了
C. more than
D. better than
这个表格除了你任何人都不能签字
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he _ more on its culture.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
对现在的否定用一般过去式。虚拟语气向前推一个时态
The children went home from the grammer school, their lessons _ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
Just use this room for the time being, and we'll offer you a large one _ it becomes available.
A. as soon as 一……就
B. unless 除非
C. as far as
D. until
目前先暂住这个房间，过段时间只要一有空房，我们就给你提供一个更大的
When she finished working, she concerned herself _ look after the old people in her area.
A. over
B. with
C. at
D. on
It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.
A. worth
B. worthy
C. worthwhile
D. worth while
Why was Professor Liu thundering in class yesterday?
A student's interrupting his speech _ the burst of his anger.
A. set up
B. set out
C. set about
D. set off
If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A. come across 偶然碰到
B. care about 关心
C. look for
D. focus upon 集中于
Mr. Brown, could tell me how the differences between American English and British English _?
A. came about 发生
B. came to 达到，苏醒
C. came up 被提出
D. came across 偶然遇到
……差异是怎么产生的
Miss Wang had _ to catch the first bus, but she didn't get up early enough.
A. turned
B. come
C. intentded
D. promised
intend to do sth 想要/打算做某事
why not do sth?
why not? 为什么不呢？
how come? 为什么？怎么会？
so what? 那又怎样？
what for? 为什么？
The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _ the discussion.
A. put away 收好
B. take down 写下，记下 C. look over 检查
D. carry on
Once you have made a promise, you must _.
A. carry it on 继续
B. carry it out 兑现，实现
C. keep it up 保持
D. get it through 通过，度过
I had given up the hope of going to college word came that Ihad been admitted to a famous British university.
A. while 瞬时性动作不能用while
B. when
C. so that
D. until
Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.
A. in which
B. for which
C. so that 为了，结果
D. in that
引导目的状语从句：in order to, so as to, in order that, so that
句首时一般用in order to或to
用in order to 或so as to结构时，不定式的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，若前后主语不一致必须用so that或in order that
As is reported, the floods happening in Thailand _ thousands of houses and killed many people.
A. hurt
B. injured
C. destroyed
D. damaged
_ having a busy schedule, Ariel Lin attended an environment art exhibition in Taiwan.
A. In addition to 此外
B. In spite of 尽管
C. Thankds to
D> Rather than 而不是
As there wa no _ to call for help, I learned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from bleeding.
A. method
B. way
C. tools
D. strength
Only _ can we learn English well.
A. by this way
B. with this method
C. in this means
D. by this method
in this way=with this method=by this means 用这种方式
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.
A breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken 被折断，对现在的虚拟，用过去时
D. had been broken
The man we followed suddenly stopped and as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
表示目的，并且看方向在停下来之后，所以用 stop to do sth
Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
时间关系，不是因果关系，不能用so that
Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health.
A. of; at
B. by; in
C. of; on
D. on; at
The destruction of thiese treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _.
A. stand up to 经得起，面对
B. come up with 想出，提出
C. put up with 容忍，忍受
D. make up for 弥补，补偿
这些珍宝的损坏是人类的一大损失，金钱不能弥补
Mr. President, do you plan to educate your two daughters to be officials?
To tell you the truth, I hope they can do whatever _ their interests.
A. fits
B. matches
C. suits 迎合兴趣
D. needs
Deliver the goods within six months? But that is not a(n) _ of the contract.
必须6个月之内运送货物吗？这不是协议要求的
A. request
B. requirement 协议要求
C. agreement
D. demand
What do you think of living in the country?
你认为住在乡下怎么样？
_.
A. Yes, perfect
B. I agree with you
C. Not really.
D. Well, that depends. 看情况
That was the first time Helen _ the meaning of love.
A. understands
B. had understood
C. has understood
D. understood
the first time 用完成时，现在还是过去完成时看主句时态
The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.
能够接触数字图书馆的捷径
A. access 信息和设备
B. passage 通路，通道
C. way
D. approach
否定副词至于句首的部分倒装结构
I don't like sports and games, nor does my sister.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
Nor have I. 我也没有
So it is with my brother. 我的兄弟也一样
so it is with：万能句式
I'm going to travel to Sydney. Would you please tell me about your experiences there?
_. Let's discuss it over launch.
A. Go ahead
B. It just depends
C. That's wonderful
D. By all means
Harry visited bookstore every week. He became such a _ customer that the bookseller gave him some books as presents.
A. common
B. normal
C. usual
D. average
As you know, whether the person will be elected president is a matter of _ interest.
被选举当总统总体上是个令人感兴趣的事情
A. general
B. usual
C. ordinary
D. mostly 大多数的
Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body's need for it from natural sources without turning _ the salt bottle.
即使不摄取盐也能满足身体所需，引申为寻求帮助，turn to
A. up
B. to
C. on
D. over
contain：含有某种成分
include：包含某个个体
meet sb's need：满足某人的需求
He is a warm-hearted man and hi's never _ a person who's in trouble.
A. turned to
B. turned down 拒绝
C. turned out
D. turned his back to 背叛某人，漠视某人
How about the two of us _ to the cinema tonight?
A. are going
B. go
C. going
D. to go
Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.
A. blamed
B. blaming
C. to blame
D. to be blame
Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine
A. explanations
B. instructions
C. descriptions
D. instroductions
Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says.
A. put out 扑灭
B. put down 记下
C. put away 收好，情绪整理好
D. put together 把……放到一起
I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
A. come up with 提出
B. put up with 容忍，忍受
C. turn to 求助于
D. stick to 坚持
The club, _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
A. founded
B. founding
C. being founded
D. to be founded
found：创立，建立
Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A. seating
B. seated
C. to seat
D. to be seated
sb be seated/seat oneself. remain
In april, thoustands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking
B. stuck
C. to be stuck
D. to have stuck
I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good _ of direction.
A. idea
B. feeling
C. experience 经历可数；经验不可数
D. sense 方向感用sense
I'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a _ imagination.
A. clear
B. cautious
C. funny
D. vivid 生动的
The discovery of new evidence led to _.
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught =the thief's being caught
D. the thief to be caught
In deading with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _ in personality.
处理公共关系时，我们应该尽力避免个人之间的冲突
A. contact
B. contrast 差异，对比
C. connection
D. conflict
make every effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事
Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?
A. free
B. vacant 空虚的，空的
C. handy
D. convenient
If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient
B. fair
C. easy
D. confortable
There are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country.
A. present
B. available 可用的，可获得的
C. precious
D. convenient
Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hours operation to have _ one-year-old twins at the head.
A. isolated 偏远的，孤独的
B. separated
C. divided
D. removed 去掉，排除
把连体婴儿分开，本身不是整体，不能用divide
The teacher streesed again that the students should not _ any important details while retelling the story.
A. bring out
B. let out
C. leave out
D. make out
He telephoned the travel agency to _ three air tickeks to London.
A. order
B. arrange 安排大型活动
C. take
D. book 预约，预定
book/reserve 都可以
The employees consider the boss unfair and unreasonable because he is not _ in dealing with company affairs.
A. consistent 一致的，始终如一的
B. controversial 有争议的
C. confident
D. conventional 传统的
The government's strong action showed its _ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy
B. brief 简短的，简洁的；摘要
C. determination 决心，果断
D. encourage
显示了摧毁叛乱的决心
The _ on his face told me that he was angry.
A. impression 印象
B. sight 风景
C. appearance 外貌
D. expression 表情
He says that my new car is a _ of money.
Don't you think those words are just sour grapes?
A. lack
B. load
C. question
D. waste
Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children's _.
A. touch
B. sight
C. reach
D. distance
out of one’s reach，指“在某人够不到的地方”
Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.
A. point
B. idea
C. attitude
D. sight
attitude to/towards
尽管对吃有不同的看法……
As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and waterh for power and fuel.
A. primary 主要的
B. alternative 可以改变的，灵活的
C. instant
D. unique 独特的
alternative energy：可替代能源
They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.
A. put off 推迟
B. speed up
C. turn on
D. work out 解决
拓宽桥梁加快交通流量
One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. why
Having heard this, the little girl was not _. There, lying in her hospital bed, she insisted that no matter what the doctors said, her going back to school was certain
A. satisfied
B. delighted
C. surprised
D. discourage
Lucy has _ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A. acquired
B. finished
C. concluded
D. achieved 达成
实现目标用achieve
Exams are not the only means of _ one's ability.
A. guessing
B. assessing
C. valuing 估价
D. praising
In the interview, he had finally _ several customers of the advantages of his product.
A. convinced
B. reminded
C. accused
D. informed
说服消费者产品的特点
In our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma to play attention to our table manners.
A. demanded
B. reminded
C. allowed
D. hoped
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
提醒餐桌礼仪
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise.
A. limit
B. lack
C. need
D. demand
a lack of 缺乏……
缺乏锻炼
How often do you eat out?
_, but usually once a week.
A. Have no idea.
B. It depends
C. As usual
D. Generally speaking
Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been prediced from experiments in animals.
A. operate
B. strengthen 加强
C. approve 支持，赞成
D. accumulate 累积，聚集
越来越多的医学证据，D项最接近
Could you be so kind as to close the window?
A. With pleasure
B. Go ahead
C. Yes, please
D. That's ok.
All possible means _, but nothing can prevent the buildings _.
A. has tried; from being pulled down
B. have tried; from pulling down
C. has been tried; from pulling down
D. have been tried; from being pulled down
第一个空用复数，第二个空用被动
Please allow me to give my explanation.
We don't want to hear your opinions, _ the facts!
A. stand up
B. look out
C. stick to
D. wipe out
I will _ your teacher in this lesson.
A. be out of order
B. out of control
C. out of danger
D. take the place of
All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting
B. presented
C. being presented
D. to present
use A to do B
他们尝试利用工作站的力量以更有效的方式呈现信息
Australia is such a splendid country that we've decided to stay for _ two weeks.
such a splendid country=so splendid a country
A. another
B. other
C. the other
D. other's
没比较对象；且意思是另外再呆两个星期
Of the three forengiers, one is from New York, _ are from London.
A. another two
B. the others two
C. the other two
D. others two
I was about to leave _ there was a knock on the door.
A. while
B. when
C. as
D. before
I make $2000 a week, 60 surely won't make _ difference to me.
A. that a big
B. a that big
C. big a that
D. that big a
Where did you get to know her?
It was on the farm _ we worked.
A. that
B. there
C. which
D. where
If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A. do devote
B. don't devote
C. devoting
D. not devoting
Jack is late again. It is _ of him to keep others waiting.
A. normal
B. ordinary
C. common
D. typical
Before the war broke out, many people _ in safe places possessions they could not take with them.
A. threw away
B. put away：收好
C. gave away：泄漏
D. carried away：搬走
Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained _,people are still looking for other possible solutions.
A. unchallenged 无挑战性的
B. relevant
C. controversial
D. contradictory 矛盾的
pull down 拆毁
David is _ animal fur, so he won't visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
A. curious about 好奇
B. allergic to
C. satisfied with 满意的
D. fond of 喜欢，爱好
People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A. a; an
B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the
D. the; an
How did you like Nick's performance last night?
To be honest, his singing didn't _ to me much.
A. appeal
B. belong
C. refer
D. occur 想到
The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution 贡献
D. civilization
An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person's character; however, they are not always _.
A. practical 实际的
B. aviodable
C. permanent
D. beneficial
It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
Mothers holding jobs outsides the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A. heavy
B. smooth
C. flexible
D. complex
I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
_.
A. I really envy you 我很嫉妒你
B. Glad to hear that
C. Sounds great
D. Take it easy
全国英语演讲比赛
She has already tired her best. Please don't be too _ about her job.
A. special
B. responsible
C. unusual
D. particular
I have offered to paint the house _ a week's accommodation.
A. in exchange for
B. with regard to 关于
C. by means of 通过
D. in place of 代替
He accidentally _ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out
B. took care
C. made sure =ensure，确保
D. made out 理解，认出
The present siguation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to _ its reality.
A. make up
B. figure out
C. look through
D. put off
Some forms of algae have _ to grow on ice.
A. adopted
B. adapted
C. advocated 提倡
D. addicted
Team leaders must ensure that all members their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A. get over 克服
B. look over 检查
C. take over 接手
D. come over 顺便来访
Lydia doesn't feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study
B. studying
C. studied
D. to study
The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it
B. them
C. her
D. that
He didn't make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. these
We have various summer camps for your holidays.
You can choose _ based on your own interests.
A. either
B. each
C. one
D. it
How was it that we were able to _ untold hardships, overcome the most difficult and dangerous conditions and bring the revolution to victory?
A. survive on
B. survive from
C. survive
D. surviving
Clearness of _ is more important that beauty of langauge.
A. statement
B. movement 运动
C. improvement 提高
D. judgement 判断
大意：明白的说比华丽的语言更重要
I'd prefer to _ my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A. show
B. express
C. pass 通过
D. reserve 保留
保留意见
The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _ quality, he'd tell them so.
A. humble 谦卑的
B. minor 较小的，未成年的
C. inferior 差的，次品
D. awkwarde
这个店员对顾客很坦率，产品质量不好，直接告诉顾客
I am sure David will be able to find the library-he was a pretty good _ of direction.
A. idea
B. feeling
C. experience
D. sense
方向感
Pelope under stress _ realize their full range of potential.
A. attend to 照顾
B. attach to 附着，依赖
C. tend to
D. turn to turn to sb：向某人求助
处于压力之下更容易释放自己的潜力
These regulations the board approved at the meeting yesterday _everyone without exception.
A. ommit to 委派
B. tend to 倾向于
C. contribute to 有助于
D. apply to 适用于
董事会昨天批准的制度对每个人生效没有例外
Annie, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her.
A. to appoint
B. appointing
C. appointed
D. having appointed
护士被派去照顾
It is widely acknowledged that students should be _ in terms of overall quality.
A. supported
B. matched
C. evaluated
D. controlled
众所周知，孩子们应该被综合评价
The volcano _ in 1980, damaging a large area of Washington State.
A. broke
B. terrified
C. burst
D. erupted
People who do not smoke have less _ of suffering from lung cancer that those who do so.
A. potential
B. cause
C. hope
D. choice
_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating
B. Translated
C. To translate
D. Having translated
_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding
B. Reminded
C. To remind
D. Having reminded
remind sb of sth
manager 被提醒，要用被动
_ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail: 不是非谓语动词，一个句子不能有2个谓语动词
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed 因为没有打通电话，所以才发邮件
我们打电话失败了，主动
People complain that decisions to approve or deny a perrmit are often _ rather than based on fixed certeria.
A. appropriate 合适的
B. conscious
C. arbitrary 专断的
D. controversial 批判的
人们抱怨……同意或拒绝决定，而不是固定标准的
Hearing the sad news, he felt the tears _ from his eyes.
A. shooting
B. rushing
C. floating
D. flowing
"Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!" the mother shouted, with _ clearly in her voice.
A. anger
B. rudeness
C. regret
D. panic
I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to _ me.
A. convince 说服
B. inform
C. guarantee
D. refuse