Introduce ExecutionAttemptArguments

[martintmk]

Details on the issue fix or feature implementation

These are used to track execution attempts in retries and hedging.

Closes #1308

Confirm the following

• I started this PR by branching from the head of the default branch
• I have targeted the PR to merge into the default branch
• I have included unit tests for the issue/feature
• I have successfully run a local build

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1326 (f2801b1) into main (91e5384) will increase coverage by 0.17%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

❗ Current head f2801b1 differs from pull request most recent head 30a31ea. Consider uploading reports for the commit 30a31ea to get more accurate results

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1326      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   83.49%   83.67%   +0.17%     
==========================================
  Files         269      270       +1     
  Lines        6379     6449      +70     
  Branches     1004     1010       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits         5326     5396      +70     
  Misses        844      844              
  Partials      209      209              

Flag	Coverage Δ
linux	?
macos	83.67% <100.00%> (+0.17%)	⬆️
windows	83.67% <100.00%> (+0.17%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...xtensions/Telemetry/TelemetryResilienceStrategy.cs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...ry/TelemetryResilienceStrategyBuilderExtensions.cs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...Polly.Core/Hedging/Controller/HedgingController.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/Polly.Core/Hedging/Controller/TaskExecution.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rc/Polly.Core/Hedging/HedgingResilienceStrategy.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/Polly.Core/Hedging/OnHedgingArguments.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/Polly.Core/Retry/OnRetryArguments.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/Polly.Core/Retry/RetryResilienceStrategy.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...y.Core/Telemetry/ExecutionAttemptArguments.Pool.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
.../Polly.Core/Telemetry/ExecutionAttemptArguments.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 4 more

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes